MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY

ZVSHAVANE CAMPUS

Faculty of Engineering and Geosciences

DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY HMETE 118 HGEOL113 PRACTICALS

NAME: TINOTENDA JAJI

REG NUMBER: R225994M

LEVEL:1.1

PRAC TITLE:TITRATION

PRACTICAL NUMBER:2

PARTNER:ROPAFADZO DEWA

LECTURER: MR SHAVA

DATE:15 OCTOBER 2022

1.AIM: DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION OF SULPHURIC ACID IN THE TITRATION

2. OBJECTIVES:
 Standardization of sodium hydroxide
 Standardization of sulphuric acid solution
 Determining the concentration of an unknown sulphuric acid solution

3.LITERATURE REVIEW

A titration is a volumetric method of analysis where a solution of known

concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution
Ham ,MaHam (2016). In this method the titrant which is solution with the
known concentration is gradually added from a burette to a known quantity of
the analyte in the glass beaker until the reaction is complete. Knowing the
volume of titrant added allows the determination of the concentration of the
unknown. An indicator is used to mark the end of the reaction that’s called the
endpoint by a colour change .In the titration of H2SO4 with NaOH the exact
concentration of H2SO4 can be determined. Phenolphthalein which changes
colour from colourless to pale pink is used as the indicator in this titration.When
H2SO4 is titrated with NaOH , the pH of the acidic solution is low at first
.However as the NaOH is added the pH changes gradually until close to the end
point , near the end point the pH changes rapidly resulting in the colour change .
Due to this care must be taken in reducing the rate at which the base is added as
not doing so would mask the endpoint. The reaction equation for this is as
follows:

H2SO4 (l) +2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4 (aq)+H2O(l)

Strong acids and bases react to form a salt and water .

4.METHODOLOGY

4.1 APPARATUS LIST

 50cm3 Burette and stand

 10ml to 20ml pipette
 100ml volumetric flask
 2x250cm3 conical flask
  2x250cm3 glass beakers
 10ml to 100ml measuring cylinder
 Digital scale

4.2REAGENTS

Chemical name Chemical formula Manufacturer Mass/concentration

FA1sulfuric acid H2SO4 0.64moldm-3
GIS Chemicals
FA2sodium NaOH GIS Chemicals 0.150moldm-3
hydroxide
Phenolphthalein C20H14O4 SAVCHEM 5Drops
Indicator

INSTRUMENTATION

Name Model Manufacture Use in the

laboratory
Burette 3D Joan Where NaOH
equipment,Zhejing.co.ltd was used as a
titrant
Burette stand 3D Ambala cantt Used to hold
Ambala ,Haryana the burette
India.co.ltd when titrating
Conical flask 3D Yanchang cordinal Where
metlab technology.co hd H2SO4 was
placed during
titration
Beaker 3D Yanchang,Jiangsu,china, Used to
co ltd. measure the
volume of was
measured
Measuring 3D RONGTA labware co.ltd Used to
cylinder YANCHENG measure the
volume of
sulphuric acid
Burette clamp 3D Pooja vihar,Ambala,ltd Used to keep
the burette in
place
Volumetric 3D Joan lab to dilute the
flask equipment(Zhejiang H2SO4 with
,co,ltd) distilled water

4.3 PROCEDURE

Firstly 25cm3 of FA1 was measured using a measuring cylinder and was then placed into a
250cm3 graduated volumetric flask. The flask was then filled up to the mark with distilled
water , the flask was then labelled FA3.To mix the solution of FA3 the flask was then gently
shaken .In preparation for the titration the burrete was rinsed out with distilled water and was
then filled up to the mark with FA2. 25cm3 of FA3 was measured using a measuring cylinder
and was then placed into the conical flask then 5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator was
added .The solution should remain colourless.FA3 was then titrated with FA2 until a
permanent pale pink colour is obtained . The titration was repeated thrice to come up with
four titres .

5 .RESULTS

Rough Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Final burette 26.90 23.80 24.00 48.10
reading
(cm3)
Initial 26.40 0.00 0.00 24.00
burette
reading
(cm3)
Volume used 26.40 23.80 24.00 24.10
(cm3)
The best 2 √ √

DATA TREATMENT

Average volume = 24 + 24.10 =24.05cm3

Volume in dm3=24.05/1000 = 0.0199dm3

Uncertainty in volume=0.05+0.05= ±0.1cm3

6.DISCUSSION

Titration is a method of volumetric analysis whereby the concentration of an unknown substance is

found by comparing it with a solution of a known concentration . This is done by comparing their
stoichiometric ratios. Titration reactions make use of the concept of equivalence point where the
quantity of unknown solution is equal to that of the known solution. In the titration of sulphuric
acid and sodium hydroxide phenolphthalein is used as the indicator ,it marks the equivalence point .
The equation for this reaction is as shown below:

H2SO4 (l) +2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4 (aq)+H2O(l)

The reaction ratio of acid to base is 1:2.Since the reaction consist of a strong base and a strong acid
the pH of the solution at equivalence point is 7 since they dissociate fully . There are various errors
that can distort the values obtained in titration . These may be end point error whereby one may fail
to note that theres been a distinct colour change and parallax error in taking down the volume of
sodium hydroxide used in a titration process. Other possible errors are use of apparatus incorrectly
and systematic errors due to a faulty burette which may have leaks.

7.CONCLUSION

A colour change from colourless to pale pink will be observed when the reactions reaches end point.
The reaction ratio of sulphuric acid to sodium hydroxide is 1:2. The concentration of sulphuric acid is
and the that of sodium hydroxide is 0.150mol/dm3.

8. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

i) average volume 24.00+24.10 = 24.05cm3

Volume in dm3= 24.05/1000 = 0.024dm3

ii) H2SO4 (l) +2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4 (aq)+H2O(l)

moles of NaOH= cv

= 0.150x0.024

=0.0036moles

according to the reaction above the ratio of H2SO4 to NaOH is 1:2 therefore the number of moles
of H2SO4 = 0.5X0.0036

=0.0018moles
iii)Moles of H2SO4 that were present in 25cm3 in an undiluted solution.

Moles = concentration x volume

= 0.64 x 25/1000

=0.016moles

iv) The concentration in mol/dm3 of H2SO4 in FA3

n/v = 0.0015÷25/1000

=0.06mol/dm3

REFERENCE LIST

Bryan,M.Ham,Aiuhui.MaHam.(2016).Analytical Chemistry.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.New

Jersey.

Helmenstine, M.H. 2017. Titration Definition (Chemistry). Retrieved 27 February, 2018,

from https://www.thoughtco.com/titration-definition-602128

National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database.Retrieved 19

February, 2018, from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/14798

The editors of encyclopædia britannica. (n.d.). Titration. Retrieved 19 February, 2018,

https://www.britannica.com/science/titration

Wilson, B. 2017. Acid-Base Indicators. Retrieved 27 February, 2018, from

https://www.carolina.com/teacher-resources/Interactive/acid-base-indicators/tr10647.tr
BYJU’S NEET. (2021, Feb 19) Concept of the Day: Acid Base Titrations, Chemistry
YouTube. Retrieved on September 22, 2022 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cb8DAZM