MTT 2207 MEASUREMENT

ERROR
ANALYSIS AND
INSTRUMENTATION
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY ASSIGNMENT 01

Group Members,
ENT/18/19/074
ENT/18/19/085 NAME : R.A.I.U.RAMANAYAKA
ENT/18/19/082 REG. NO. : ENT/18/19/074
INDEX NO. : 0931
ENT/18/19/084 DATE : 25/01/2023
 INTRODUCTION

• Aim
To determine the concentration of HCl solution with the titration method by using 0.01
mol/l solution of NaOH.

• Equipment and substances

Equipment

1. A volume metric burette, to measure and dispense the NaOH solution.

2. A volume metric pipette, to measure a specific volume of the HCl solution.
3. A flask or beaker, to contain the HCl solution for titration.
4. A pH meter or indicator solution, to determine the endpoint of the titration.
5. A balance, to weigh the HCl solution (if the solution is not a liquid)
6. A stirrer or magnetic stirrer, to mix the solution during the titration process.
7. A thermometer to measure the temperature of solution during titration if
required.
8. A funnel or a dropper to fill the burette.
9. A bottle of distilled water.

Substances

1. HCl solution, whose concentration is to be determined.

2. NaOH solution, with a known concentration of 0.1 mol/L
3. An indicator solution, such as methyl orange, phenolphthalein or bromothymol
blue, to determine the endpoint of the titration.
 PROCEDURE

NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

• Rinse and fill a buret with standardized 0.1 mol/L NaOH. Open the stopcock briefly to allow
any air bubbles to pass through. (Why is this important?) Record the initial volume of
NaOH in the buret to the nearest 0.05 mL.

• Rinse and fill a second buret with the unknown HCl solution. Open the stopcock briefly to
allow any air bubbles to pass through.

• Add 25.00 mL of unknown HCl solution (delivered from the buret) into an 250 mL
Erlenmeyer flask. Add 2 drops of methyl orange indicator.

• Record the initial colors of both the NaOH and HCl solutions. Also, draw diagrams of the
flask and buret, showing the molecules present in each solution prior to the titration.

• Gradually dispense some of the NaOH solution drop-by-drop from the buret into the
solution in the Erlenmeyer flask. Swirl the flask constantly as the drops are added. Note
any color changes observed, and do so constantly as NaOH is added to the HCl solution.
Continue to record the pH after every 2 mL of NaOH have been added.

• As the equivalence point is approached, a pinkish color will appear and dissipate more
slowly as the titration proceeds. Now add the NaOH drop-by drop until the endpoint of the
titration is reached (this is the point at which a very light pink color is obtained after 20
seconds of swirling the flask).

• Record the volume of NaOH required to reach the endpoint of the titration.

• Repeat the titration until 3 accurate trials have been completed. The volumes of NaOH
required to reach the endpoint should agree within +/- 0.1 ml.

• Prepare a data table of your results, including the initial, final and total volumes of NaOH
required for each titration.
 RESULTS
❖ Obtained results

Number of Tests Results

Test 01(Indusara) 37.6ml

Test 02(Sanilka) 37.7ml

Test 03(Sameera) 37.7ml

Test 04(Charuka) 37.6ml

Total 150.6ml

Average 37.65ml

❖ Errors in instruments
• Volume metric flask ± 0.18 ml
• Volume metric pipet ± 0.1 ml
• Volume metric burette ± 0.1 ml

❖ Errors in Experiment

Measurement error: This can occur due to the limitations of the apparatus used to
measure the volume of the HCl solution, the NaOH solution, or the
burette readings.

Human error: This can occur due to mistakes made by the person performing the
experiment, such as misreading the burette readings, adding the NaOH
solution too quickly, or not stirring the solution properly.

Instrumental error: This can occur due to limitations in the apparatus used in the
experiment, such as an offset in the burette, or an inaccurate
pipette.

Environmental error: This can occur due to environmental factors that affect the
experiment, such as temperature fluctuations or air currents that
affect the burette readings.
 DISCUSSION
1) Get moles from burette
moles = concentration x dm3
= 0.1 x 0.03765
= 0.003765 mol HCL

2) Get moles in flask

1 mol HCL neutralizes 1 mol NaOH
so, 0.003765 mol NaOH in flask

3) Get concentration in flask

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 0.003765 25 cm3 = 0.025 dm3
conc. in flask = =
𝑑𝑚3 0.025
= 0.1506
Then, concentration of NaOH = 0.15 moldm-3

REFERENCE

• https://www.wikihow.com/Perform-a-Titration
• https://www.washoeschools.net/cms/lib/NV01912265/Centricity/Domain/96
4/Titra ion%20Lab%20Sheet-%20Day%201.pdf
• https://sciencing.com/reasons-error-chemistry-experiment-8641378.html