AP World History – Unit One and Two Test Review

All of the following topics will be included in some form or another on your Unit 1/2 Test (1200-1450) in AP World History.
Remember – Unit One is the Global Tapestry and Unit Two is the Networks of Exchange. Following the list of topics are
samples of most of the stimulus that you will have to use to answer questions. NOTE: There are 40 stimulus-based multiple-
choice questions and 10 standard questions. Following the topic list and sample stimulus, you will find general topics that
will included on the SAQ portion of the test. You are allowed to create any notes on the topics included on this list and will
be allowed to use those notes on the test.

Topics to know:
Zheng He
Marco Polo
Ibn Battuta
Genghis Khan
Great Zimbabwe
Pax Mongolica
House of Wisdom/Baghdad
Al-Andalus
Major Trade Cities
Silk Road (and goods traded along it)
Trans-Saharan Trade (and goods traded)
Indian Ocean Trade (and goods traded)
Seljuk Turks
The Mongols (and their conquests)
Dehli Sultanate
Swahili City-States
Tang and Song Dynasties
Dar al-Islam
The Crusades
Comparison of Aztec and Inca Empires
Carpa Nan
Decline of Maya and Great Zimbabwe (similarities)
Results of the Black Death
Little Ice Age
Role of new technology in trade
- Examples of new technology too
Camels and Trans-Saharan Trade
Monsoon Winds
Agricultural Innovations:
- Horse collar
- Chinampa System
- Terrace Farming
- Fast-ripening rice (Champa)

Stimulus Examples (note: There will be between 2-4 questions based on each of the following stimuli and the historical
information related to the topic of the stimulus:
Camel Saddles
Region Location of Rider Advantage
South Arabia Behind the hump Makes riding easiest
North Arabia On top of the hump Give the rider the best visibility
North Africa In front of the hump Provides the rider the best control
East Africa Not designed for a rider Carries the largest load
“Hangzhou, China has ten principal markets…. [they] are all squares of half a mile to the side, and along their front passes
the main street, which is 40 paces in width, and runs straight from end to end of the city, crossing many bridges of easy and
commodious [convenient] approach… So also parallel to this great street, but at the back of the market places, there runs a
very large canal, on the bank of which towards the squares are built great houses of stone, in which the merchants from
India and other foreign parts store their wares, to be handy for the markets. In each of the squares is held a market three
days in the week, frequented by 40,000 or 50,000 persons.”
- Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, c. 1300
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While some theorists in the Middle Ages argued that jihad was a defensive war…most authorities held that the obligation of
jihad did not lapse until all the world was brought under the sway of Islam. The Bahr (al-Fava’id, or “Sea of Precious Virtues,
written in the 1150s or 1160s) insists that the first duty of a Muslim ruler is to prosecute the jihad and bring about victory of
Islam, and if he does not does not do so and he makes peace with the infidel, that ruler would be better dead than alive, for
he would be corrupting the world.
~Robert Irwin, “Islam and the Crusades”, 1995

It is strange how the Christians round Mount Lebanon, when they see any Muslim hermits, bring them food and treat them
kindly, saying that these men are dedicated to the Great and Glorious God and that they should therefore share with them.
Likewise, not one Christian merchant was stopped or hindered in Muslim territories.
~Ibn Jubayr, Mulsim scholar, traveling to Mecca and Jerusalem, ca. 1185

The ruins of the wall at Great Zimbabwe

I went one day to the dawn prayer in the mosque, following my usual practice and when I finished the prayer one
of those present mentioned to me that the sultan was in the mosque . . . when he rose up from his prayer carpet, I
went forward to salute him . . . Then he said to me in Turkish, “Blessed is your arrival.” After I had saluted him, he
questioned me about Mecca and Medina, Jerusalem . . . Damascus and Cairo . . . and the lands of the non-Arabs . .
“The Inca ruled the greatest empire in earth. Bigger than Ming Dynasty China, bigger than Ivan the Great’s expanding
Russia, bigger than the Songhai in the Sahel or powerful Great Zimbabwe in the East Africa tablelands, bigger than the
cresting Ottoman Empire, bigger than the Triple Alliance (as the Aztec Empire was known), bigger by far than any European
state, the Inca dominion extended over a staggering thirty-two degrees of latitude – as if a single power held sway from St.
Petersburg to Cairo. The empire encompassed every imaginable type of terrain, from the rainforest of the upper Amazonia
to the deserts of the Peruvian coast and the twenty-two thousand foot peaks of the Andes in between. ‘If imperial potential
is judged in terms of environmental adaptability,’ wrote the Oxford historian Felipe Fernandez-Armesto, ‘the Inca wree the
most impressive empire builders of their day.’”
- Charles Mann, 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, 2005
“The road you travel from Tana to Cathay [China] is perfectly safe, whether by day or by night, according to what the
merchants say who have used it. . . . Cathay is a province which contained a multitude of cities and towns. Among others
there is one in particular, that is to say the capital city, to which is great resort of merchants, and in which there is a vast
amount of trade; and this city is called Cambalec. And the said city hath a circuit of one hundred miles, and is all full of
people and houses and of dwellers in the said city.”
- Francesco Pegolotti, The Merchant’s Handbook, c. 1471

“In the name of God the Merciful and Compassionate: This is the safe-conduct accorded by the servant of God Umar, the
Commander of the Faithful, to the people of [Jerusalem]. He accords them safe-conduct for their persons, their property,
their churches, their crosses, their sound and their sick, and the rest of their worship. . . . No constraint shall be exercised
against them in religion nor shall any harm be done to any among them. . . .
The people of [Jerusalem] must pay the jizya (required tax on non-Muslims) in the same way as the people of other
cities. They must expel the Romans (Byzantine soldiers and officials) and the brigands from the city. Those who leave shall
have safe-conduct for their persons and property until they reach safety.
Those of the people of [Jerusalem] who wish to remove their persons and effects and depart with the Romans
[Byzantines] and abandon their churches and their crosses shall have safe-conduct for their persons, their churches, and
their crosses until they reach safety.”
- Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings, “Peace Terms with Jerusalem, 636CE, 10 th
century

“The [Russian] Duke who had spoken before gave a short account of all that had taken place since the death of [Ghengis
Khan], and the partition of his vast dominions. And then the younger Duke, Wsewoldodovics, took up the tale.

‘Lord King!’ he began, ‘these Mongols don’t carry on warfare in an honorable, chivalrous way. They fight only to destroy,
they are bloodthirsty, merciless; their only object is to plunder, slay, murder, and burn, not even to make any use of what
lands they conquer. They are like a swarm of locusts. They stay till everything is eaten up, till all are plundered, and what
they can’t carry off, that they kill or reduce to ashes. They are utterly faithless; their words and promises are not in the least
to be trusted, and those who do make friends with them are the first upon whom they wreak their vengeance if anything
goes wrong. We are telling you no fairy tales! We know to our own cost what they are, we tell you what we have seen with
our own eyes. And let me tell you this, my lord king, their lust of conquest and devastation knows no bounds! If it is our
turn today, it will be yours tomorrow! And, therefore, while we seek a refuge in your land, we at the same time warn you to
be prepared! For the storm is coming, and may sweep across your frontiers sooner than you think.’”
- Baron Nicholas Joskia (1796 – 1865), ‘Neath the Hoof of the Tartar, or The Scourge of God, a novel about
the Mongols.
The topics listed below provide you with a GENERAL idea of what the SAQs will be about:

- Comparison of trade routes 1200 – 1450

- Comparison of military technology 1200 – 1450

- Commercial practices along the Silk Road 1200 – 1450

- Expansion of Indian Ocean Trade 1200 – 1450

- Agricultural developments 1200 - 1450