Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MAIN CAMPUS
M.J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu City, Philippines
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-mail: casdean@ctu.edu.ph
Phone: +6332 402 4060 loc: 1120
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES DEPARTMENT
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DAGLE,LINZEL B. 10/03/22
BSBA MM 2-2 GSPS

FEMINISM

-Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish
the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes.Feminism incorporates the
position that society prioritizes the male point of view and that women are treated unjustly in these
societies.Efforts to change this include fighting against gender stereotypes and establishing
educational, professional, and interpersonal opportunities and outcomes for women that are equal
to those for men.
Feminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for women's rights, including
the right to vote, run for public office, work, earn equal pay, own property, receive education, enter
contracts, have equal rights within marriage, and maternity leave. Feminists have also worked to
ensure access to contraception, legal abortions, and social integration and to protect women and
girls from rape, sexual harassment, and domestic violence.Changes in female dress standards
and acceptable physical activities for females have often been part of feminist movements.

FIRST WAVE OF FEMINISM

-First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th
and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It focused on legal issues, primarily on
securing women's right to vote. The term is often used synonymously with the kind of feminism
espoused by the liberal women's rights movement with roots in the first wave, with organizations
such as the International Alliance of Women and its affiliates. This feminist movement still focuses
on equality from a mainly legal perspective.
The term first-wave feminism itself was coined by journalist Martha Lear in a New York Times
Magazine article in March 1968 entitled "The Second Feminist Wave:First wave feminism is
characterized as focusing on the fight for women's political power, as opposed to de facto unofficial
inequalities. While the wave metaphor is well established, including in academic literature, it has
been criticized for creating a narrow view of women's liberation that erases the lineage of activism
and focuses on specific visible actors.

SECOND WAVE OF FEMINISM

-The second wave feminism movement took place in the 1960s and 1970s and focused on issues
of equality and discrimination. Starting initially in the United States with American women, the
feminist liberation movement soon spread to other Western countries. The historical primary
sources available in Gale’s Women’s Studies Archive provide scholars with unique primary sources
and documents through which to explore this era of feminism and understand how it fits with other
liberation movements, from suffrage to modern feminism. Researchers can search the available
materials to uncover details of the feminist movement across the years, from the early years of
suffrage through the second wave and other twentieth century political movements.

THIRD WAVE OF FEMINISM

-Third-wave feminism is an iteration of the feminist movement that began in the early
1990s,prominent in the decades prior to the fourth wave.Grounded in the civil-rights advances of
the second wave, Gen X and Early Gen Y generations third-wave feminists born in the 1960s and
1970s embraced diversity and individualism in women, and sought to redefine what it meant to be
a feminist.The third wave saw the emergence of new feminist currents and theories, such as
intersectionality, sex positivity, vegetarian ecofeminism, transfeminism, and postmodern feminism.
According to feminist scholar Elizabeth Evans, the "confusion surrounding what constitutes
third-wave feminism is in some respects its defining feature.