Republic of the Philippines

President Ramon Magsaysay State University

(Formerly Ramon Magsaysay Technological University)
Iba, Zambales, Philippines
Tel/Fax No.: (047) 811-1683
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Iba Campus

College/ Department College of Teacher Education

Course Code Ed E
Course Title Introduction to Research
Place of the Course in the Program BEED
Professional Education
3rd Year, 1st Semester
Semester & Academic Year 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022

MODULE 1

Introduction
This course focuses on the development of competence and skill in research
methodology through exposure to different research models and techniques. This module
will help and guide students in writing their research paper. It includes various definitions
of research from books and philosophers. Likewise, it also discussed the importance of
research to world growth and development.

Intended Learning Outcomes

1. Define research
2. Identify its importance
3. Appreciate its importance to human life

Discussion

LESSON 1

MEANING OF RESEARCH
The word “research” originated from the old French word “recerchier” meaning to
search and search again. It literally implies repeating a search for something and implicitly
assumes that the earlier search was not exhaustive and complete in the sense that there is
still scope for improvement.

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 Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Once can also define
research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic.
In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation.

Some people consider research as a movement, a movement from the known to the
unknown. It is actually a voyage of discovery. We all possess the vital instinct of
inquisitiveness for, when the unknown confronts us, we wonder and our inquisitiveness
makes us probe and attain full and fuller understanding of the unknown. This inquisitiveness
is the mother of all knowledge and the method, which man employs for obtaining the
knowledge of whatever the unknown, can be termed as research.

D. Slesinger and M. Stephenson in the Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences define

research as “the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing
to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of
theory or in the practice of an art.” Research is, thus, an original contribution to the existing
stock of knowledge making for its advancement. It is the pursuit of truth with the help of
study, observation, comparison and experiment. In short, the search for knowledge through
objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem is research.

Research is a process of enquiry and investigation; it is systematic, methodical and

ethical; research can help solve practical problems and increase knowledge (University of
Bradford).

Primary research is often based on principles of the scientific method, a theory of

investigation first developed by John Stuart Mill in the nineteenth century in his book
Philosophy of the Scientific Method. Using the scientific method, researchers develop
research questions or hypotheses and collect data on events, objects, or people that is
measurable, observable, and replicable. The ultimate goal in conducting primary research is
to learn about something new that can be confirmed by others and to eliminate our own
biases in the process (Discroll, 2011).

Research is one of many different ways of knowing or understanding. It is different

from other ways of knowing, such as insight, divine inspiration, and acceptance of
authoritative dictates, in that it is a process of systematic inquiry that is designed to collect,
analyze, interpret, and use data. Research is conducted for a variety of reasons, including to
understand, describe, predict, or control an educational phenomenon or to empower
individuals in such contexts.

Research is an organized and systematic way of finding answers to questions.

Systematic because there is a definite set of procedures and steps which you will follow.
There are certain things in the research process which are always done in order to get the
most accurate results. Organized in that there is a structure or method in going about doing
research. It is a planned procedure, not a spontaneous one. It is focused and limited to a
specific scope. Finding Answers is the end of all research. Whether it is the answer to a
hypothesis or even a simple question, research is successful when we find answers.
Sometimes the answer is no, but it is still an answer. Questions are central to research. If

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there is no question, then the answer is of no use. Research is focused on relevant, useful,
and important questions. Without a question, research has no focus, drive, or
purpose.http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/researchmethods/RM_1_01.html.

The word “research” originated from the old French word “recerchier” meaning to
search and search again. It literally implies repeating a search for something and implicitly
assumes that the earlier search was not exhaustive and complete in the sense that there is
still scope for improvement. Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge.
It may be defined as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific
topic/area. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. The Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary of Current English lays down the meaning of research as “a careful investigation
or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge”. Redman and
Mory define research as “a systematized effort to gain new knowledge”. Some people
consider research as a movement, a movement from known to unknown. It is actually a
voyage of discovery.

Research is a scientific approach of answering a research question, solving a problem

or generating new knowledge through a systematic and orderly collection, organization, and
analysis of information with an ultimate goal of making the research useful in decision-
making. Systematic research in any field of inquiry involves three basic operations-

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Activity 1
Define research using the graphic organizer below. (20 pts.)

Research

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Reflection
What is the importance of research in human life? (20 pts.)

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LESSON 2

OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH

The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application

of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and
which has not been discovered as yet. Though each research study has its own specific
purpose, we may think of research objectives as falling into a number of following broad
groupings:

1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it (studies with
this object in view are termed as exploratory or formulative research studies);
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a
group (studies with this object in view are known as descriptive research studies);
3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is
associated with something else (studies with this object in view are known as
diagnostic research studies);
4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables (such studies are
known as hypothesis-testing research studies).

The Purposes of Research according to Collis & Hussey (2003) include:

(a) Review or synthesize existing knowledge;
(b) Investigate existing situations or problems;
(c) Provide solutions to problems;
(d) Explore and analyze more general issues;
(e) Construct or create new procedures or systems;
(f) Explain new phenomenon;
(g) Generate new knowledge and
(h)…or a combination of any of the above.

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Exercise
Based on the objectives and purposes of research, develop two (2) potential research
questions/topics. Explain why you are interested in exploring the topic or why the topic is
important to study. The questions could relate to each other in some way, or they could be
completely independent of each other. The purpose of this exercise is to help you identify
researchable questions. (20 pts.)

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Reflection
Given the current pandemic situation of the country, which amongst the purposes of
research should be best utilized now? (20 pts.)

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Suggested Readings

 Tamban, Victoria, Maningas, Ofelia & Maningas, Rolando (2019). Methods of Research
a Textbook/Workbook: St. Andrew’s Publishing House, Bulacan, Philippines
 An Introduction to Research http://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/
upmbinaries/29985_Chapter1.pdf
 Driscoll, Dana Lynn (2011). Introduction to Primary Research: Observations, Surveys,
and Interviews. ISBN 978-1-60235-184-4
http://www.parlorpress.com/pdf/driscoll--introduction-to-primary-research.pdf
 D. Slesinger and M. Stephenson (1930). The Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences, Vol. IX,
MacMillan, 1930.
Resources and Additional References

 UNESCO. (2005). Educational research: Some basic concepts and terminology.

France: International Institute for Educational Planning/UNESCO.
 Research an Introduction
http://www.newagepublishers.com/samplechapter/000896.pdf
 Research Methodology: An Introduction
http://www.limat.org/data/research/Research%20Methodology.pdf
 Research Methods, Data Analysis, and Reporting
http://www.cdse.edu/documents/education/ED508samplesyllabus.pdf
 Undergraduate Research Methods Course
http://mcnair.usc.edu/Research%20Methods%20Course,%20Spring%202012.pdf

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