RENEWABLE

ENERGY SOURCES
.

Aaron Ydav
Class-8 J
Roll no-4
In this chapter we will learn about

Hydropower Windpower

Solar energy Tidal energy

Biomass energy
 what is energy?
Energy is the basis of modern industrialized world.Life without energy difficult to imagine.Even in
ancient times some source of energy was used like wood that helped to make fire.Wood was readily
available ,therefore,it never fell short.With the growth of of civilization some other sources of energy
were discovered like coal,asphalt and peat from the surface of earth.In the middle age,wood was used
to make charcoal,At the onset of industrial revolution many forests started shoeing the signs of falling
in number.At that time the coal beacamethe most dominant source of energy.It was used to run
steam engines.Although petroleum was used even before industrial revolution yet its uses were
different like ship caulking and medicine.It was in 1859 when first oil was drilled in pennsylvania in
USA.That ws the beginning of modern petroleum era.Later many oil companies started discovering
oil throughout the world.
 Energy sources

Energy in modern times is obtained through a number of

sources like coal,petroleum,natural gas,running water,wind
etc.All these sources of energy can be grouped into two major
divisions:renewable sources of energy and non-renewable
sources of energy.The renewable sources of energy can be used
again and again .They cannot be depleted like water,wind,tidal
waves,geothermal energy etc.On the other hand ,non
renewable sources of energy can finish therefore,they have to
be used wisely.
 RENE WABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Renwable energy sources are also called inexhaustible sources.These sources.These sources are
more attractive than the non-renewable sources for various reasons like:

Advantages of renewable energy resources

a)They are environment freindly

b)They provide greater energy security
c)They provide opportunity

The important renewable energy sources are:hydropower,wind power,solar energy,geothermal

energy,tidal energy and biomass energy
Hydropower

It is also known as water power.It is derived from falling of water from

higher to lower level.Water is a natural resource,therefore,this energy can
be obtained from any such palce where sufficent running water is
available .It requires huge construction activity to make dam and
canals.Large amount of water is stored in the form of lake which is used to
generate power.Huge capital investment is required to build a dam.This
energy is becoming popular because it does not cause any pollution.
What is the importance of hydropower?
Hydropower creates reservoirs that offer recreational
opportunities, such as fishing, swimming, and boating.
Hydropower plants can provide power to the grid immediately,
and provide back-up power during major electricity outages.
Provide flood control, irrigation, and water supply.

Where is hydropower used?

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Hydropower is the most important and widely-used renewable
source of energy. Hydropower represents about 17% (International
Energy Agency) of total electricity production. China is the largest
producer of hydroelectricity, followed by Canada, Brazil, and the
United States (Source: Energy Information Administration).
How does hydropower affect the environment?
Hydropower is better for the environment than
other major sources of electrical power, which use
fossil fuels. Hydropower plants do not emit the
waste heat and gases—common with fossil-fuel
driven facilities—which are major contributors to
air pollution, global warming and acid rain.

Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is a renewable source of energy that generates

power by using a dam or diversion structure to alter the natural flow of a river or other
body of water. Hydropower relies on the endless, constantly recharging system of the
water cycle to produce electricity, using a fuel—water—that is not reduced or eliminated
in the process. There are many types of hydropower facilities, though they are all
powered by the kinetic energy of flowing water as it moves downstream. Hydropower
utilizes turbines and generators to convert that kinetic energy into electricity, which is
then fed into the electrical grid to power homes, businesses, and industries.
Wind power

Fast blowing winds contain a lot of energy in

them.This energy can be harnessed to make
mechaniacal or electrical enaergy.Then it can be
used to perform several works like running water
pump,grain grinding,milling lumber etc.The modern
wind turbines turn the rotor which converts wind
energy to electrical energy.
Why is wind power important for the future?
By 2050, wind energy could avoid the emission
of 12.3 gigatonnes of greenhouse gases. Wind
energy preserves water resources. By 2050,
wind energy can save 260 billion gallons of
water—the equivalent to roughly 400,000
Olympic-size swimming pools—that would
have been used by the electric power sector

How effective is wind energy?

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How efficient is wind power? Generally, a wind turbine is around 30-45% efficient
increasing to 50% during peak wind times.

How does wind energy help the environment?

One of the most important benefits of wind power is reduced air pollution. It produces
electricity without releasing the pollutants generated by burning fossil fuels: carbon dioxide,
mercury, and oxides of nitrogen and sulfur.
Wind power or wind energy describes the process by which the wind is used to
generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in
the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific
tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water), or can be converted into electricity
by a generator.

This aerial view of a wind turbine plant shows how a

group of wind turbines can make electricity for the utility
grid. The electricity is sent through transmission and
distribution lines to homes, businesses, schools, and so
on.
Solar energy

Source of this energy is the core of sun where nuclear fusion reactions
produce radiation.Solar radiation travels through space in the form of of
discrete packets called photons.At the outer edge of the atmosphere,one
sq.Km of area receives 1400 megawatt of energy every minute.only half of
that amount reaches the earth surface.The other half is absorbed or
scattered in the atmosphere.This radiation supports all life on earth.
What is solar energy in simple words?
Solar energy is any type of energy generated by
the sun. Solar energy can be harnessed directly or
indirectly for human use. These solar panels,
mounted on a rooftop in Germany, harvest solar
energy and convert it to electricity.

What is solar energy and its benefits?

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Solar energy is a renewable energy which is inexhaustible
and obtained from the electromagnetic radiation from the
sun. It generates electricity and heat in a manner which is
entirely sustainable and free. Is solar energy renewable?
Solar energy does not produce air pollution or
greenhouse gases
Why do we use solar energy?
Help the environment and help us all.

Solar power systems derive clean, pure energy from the

sun. Installing solar panels on your home helps combat
greenhouse gas emissions and reduces our collective
dependence on fossil fuel. Traditional electricity is
sourced from fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas
Solar energy is any type of energy generated by the sun.

Solar energy is created by nuclear fusion that takes place in the sun. Fusion
occurs when protons of hydrogen atoms violently collide in the sun’s core and
fuse to create a helium atom.

This process, known as a PP (proton-proton) chain reaction, emits an enormous

amount of energy. In its core, the sun fuses about 620 million metric tons of
hydrogen every second. The PP chain reaction occurs in other stars that are
about the size of our sun, and provides them with continuous energy and heat.
The temperature for these stars is around 4 million degrees on the Kelvin scale
(about 4 million degrees Celsius, 7 million degrees Fahrenheit).

In stars that are about 1.3 times bigger than the sun, the CNO cycle drives the
creation of energy. The CNO cycle also converts hydrogen to helium, but relies
on carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (C, N, and O) to do so. Currently, less than 2%
of the sun’s energy is created by the CNO cycle.
Tidal energy

tide is the periodic semi-diurnal rise and fall of ocean water. It is

caused by the gravitational pull of moon and sun upon earth or ocean
water.This energy is harnessed to produce electricity.A dam is built on
the coast.When tidal wave comes,the water enters through the open
gates.Turbines are fitted in the dam which rotate as the water enters
the dam.Then slowly the trapped water is shut down.It blocks the
water behind the dam.Then slowly the trappped water is released by
opening the gates .Again the turbines rotate by receding water.This
way electricity is generated on both the times, during high tide as well
as ebb tide.Tidal power plants are more effective when the difference
between high tide and low tide is maximum.Low tide is maximum.This
is called the range of tide.On the basis of range of tide,the coastline is
three types:
a)micro coastline: Where the tide range is less than 2 metre
b)meso coastline:Where the tide range is 2 to 4 metre
c)macro coastline: where the tide range is more than 4 metre
Tidal energy is a form of power produced by the
natural rise and fall of tides caused by the
gravitational interaction between Earth, the sun,
and the moon. Tidal currents with sufficient
energy for harvesting occur when water passes
through a constriction, causing the water to move
faster
How is tidal used for energy?
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Tidal energy is created using the movement of our
tides and oceans, where the intensity of the water
from the rise and fall of tides is a form of kinetic
energy. Tidal power surrounds gravitational
hydropower, which uses the movement of water
to push a turbine to generate electricity
Is tidal energy sustainable?
Benefits of tidal energy

Tidal energy is a clean, renewable, sustainable

resource that is underutilized and represents
significant opportunity to meet growing global
energy needs, both now and in the future. Water
is hundreds of times denser than air, which makes
tidal energy more powerful than wind.

Where is tidal energy produced?

Several tidal power barrages operate around the world. The Sihwa Lake Tidal
Power Station in South Korea has the largest electricity generation capacity at
254 megawatts (MW). The oldest and second-largest operating tidal power plant
is in La Rance, France, with 240 MW of electricity generation capacity.
Biomass energy

Biomass refers to plant and animal waste or residue .Fuel energy can be
derive directly or indirectly from biological sources.In the developing
countries the popular biomass energy sources are wood,crop
residues,dung etc.In many cases power is otained from these sources like
sugarcane is converted into ethanol fuel in brazil and dung is used to
make fuel gas in China.
What is biomass energy examples?
Biomass is a renewable energy source because we can always
grow more trees and crops, and waste will always exist. Some
examples of biomass fuels are wood, crops, manure, and some
garbage. When burned, the chemical energy in biomass is
released as heat.

How does biomass work energy?

Most electricity generated from biomass is produced
by direct combustion. Biomass is burned in a boiler
to produce high-pressure steam. This steam flows
over a series of turbine blades, causing them to
rotate. The rotation of the turbine drives a generator,
producing electricity.
Who uses biomass?
Industry and businesses use biomass for several purposes including space
heating, hot water heating, and electricity generation. Many industrial
facilities, such as lumber mills, naturally produce organic waste. More than
66,000 jobs are supported by the biomass producing industry in the US alone.
Biomass energy is energy generated or produced
by living or once-living organisms. The most
common biomass materials used for energy are
plants, such as corn and soy, above. The energy
from these organisms can be burned to create
heat or converted into electricity.
Aaron yadav
Class 8 J