MODULE 3: GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES

Objectives:

At the end of this module, the students are ab to:

1. understand the principles underpinning good citizenship, service and volunteerism for national development;
2. describe and analyze issues that relate to the good citizenship values of student-citizens in the country;
3. make reasonable decisions, address issues, explain concepts and/or solve problems using relevant examples pertaining to the
promotion of values towards responsible citizenship; and
4. appreciate the significance of good citizenship towards the attainment of national development.

Citizenship

Citizenship is the state of being vested with the rights, privileges, and duties of a citizen (http://dictionary.reference.com). It
is the status or condition of a resident in a given locality which includes all the rights, responsibilities, privileges and duties as a
legitimate member of society. To fully realize this, one has to be a good citizen sa isip, sa salita at sa gawa. But what is a good
citizen? What are the expected attitudes and behaviors of a good citizen?

Good Citizenship

A good citizen is characterized as one who proves himself

as worthy of the love, service and protection of the government.
He/she is expected to have practiced the virtues that are naturally
possessed by a resident and render service to the state if
necessary.

Good citizenship includes:

1. Personally Responsible Citizen – acting responsibly in his/her

community, e.g. volunteerism in times of calamities.

2. Participatory Citizen – an active member of community

organizations and/or improvement efforts, e.g. sanguniang
kabataan membership.

3. Justice-Oriented Citizen – critically assesses social, political and

economic structures to see beyond surface causes, e.g.
partylist membership.

Among the expected attitudes and behaviors of a good

Filipino citizen is being respectful to the self and others including
life and properties. He/she is expected to be helpful and
considerate, willing to put others‟ first and listens to their views.
He/she respects environment, works hard for him/herself and for
his/her loved ones, well mannered, pleasant, and is just in all of
his/her dealings.
A good Filipino citizen therefore, is one who plays an active and intelligent role as a member of the community. He/she fulfills
duties and obligations to his/her self, family, neighbors, government and society in general. He/she possesses the traits of
respectfulness, courtesy and consideration, among others, for parents, elders, the underprivileged, and the world in general. He
observes punctuality, promptness, and good moral conduct in all his/her dealings.
Citizenship Education

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 Labuguen et al., (2012) elucidated that the citizenship education topic of the National Service Training Program affords the
implementing institutions the opportunity to develop consciousness not only in national terms, but also in terms of global civic rights and
responsibilities; and that, the program components of NSTP are structured in a way that the student-trainee‟s notion of the relationship
between the state and the people has changed and the service opportunities have been a core means for learning how citizenship is
applied.

But how can we become good citizens? The Constitutions‟ Preamble gives us the answer:

“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and
establish a Government that shall embody our ideas and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony,
and secure to ourselves our prosperity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and regime of truth, justice,
freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.”

The values that are enshrined in the Preamble serve as our guiding principles, providing us the underlying framework for good
citizenship. As citizens of this nation, we are challenged to live the Core Values of Good Citizenship: “Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Maka-
Bayan, and Maka-Kalikasan.” But how can these be achieved?

“The journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step” says an old adage. A small stone led to the creation of the
majestic Rice Terraces of the Cordilleras, for example. It has to start somewhere or from someone else: in our family, barkadas,
school, church and other institutions. But most importantly – in each one of us! All it needs is a well-balanced education, a strong
aspiration and determination, and a steadfast character to attain good citizenship. Ideally, good citizenship goes beyond learning –
translated into concrete actions. It is not enough that it is enshrined in the constitution. It has to be lived if we are to build a better
Philippines.

A. PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS (Spirituality)

Agapay (2002) claimed that Belief in God is a value that most Filipinos don‟t find difficult to understand. Its practice is not only
a second nature to Filipinos but it is part and parcel of the spiritual psychic to be religious. Filipinos are typically religious, an essential
aspect of the personhood. This explains why anthropology has not encountered a human society without some forms of religious
worship. Pagkamaka-Diyos values include:

A.1. Faith and Belief in God (Paniniwala at Pananalig sa Maykapal)

Faith and belief in God is an innate trademark for Filipinos. This faith allows us to see and appreciate our selves as brothers-
sisters to one another, one big family with God as the Father. This faith and belief in God calls for an active spirituality: to learn to pray
from our hearts and not merely by our lips.

Story: Faith Alone (Bro. Andrew Maria Almonte, MMHC)

A devout religious widow was crossing a bridge with her child when an accident happened. Her son fell off the bridge and
plunged into the deep water below. At this, some men got ready to jump to save the child. However the widow forbade them. “Do not
move,” she told the men, “my faith alone can save my child.” After she said this, the widow knelt on the bridge and prayed with great
faith. In a short while, the child drowned and died. The widow wept.

Lesson: Faith alone, without work, is useless.

True faith calls us to turn away from bad to good, from graft and corruption into honesty and good governance, from indolence
or convenience to hard work, and from growing adherence for materialism to integrity, so on and so forth.

As UBians and future leaders of our communities, let us remember that we have to go further by putting our faith into action,
live a life that is based on the right values, and serve as inspirations to others who may be struggling to strengthen their own.

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 A.2. Respect for Life (Paggalang)

Cathy Better says: “Life is raw material. We are artisans. We can sculpt our existence into something beautiful, or debase it
into ugliness. It‟s in our hands.” Hence, “treat life with respect, and life itself will reveal its beauty to you” (Bro. Andrew Maria MMHC).

Our life as well as our own humanity is a gift from God, created from His own image and likeness, making us persons of worth
and dignity. By this, we should uphold and recognize each others‟ dignity and grow to appreciate each others‟ worth by keeping an
open mind and charitable attitude so we can appreciate others‟ giftedness and special roles in our life and in our society.

Biblically, our body is God‟s temple, and because it is sacred, by all means we should be responsible for it because any form
of violence defies its sanctity. As our natural human rights protect us from anything that endangers our life and well-being, we should
also be responsible for upholding the rights of others. We shall not be advocates of violence or any means that may harm the life and
dignity of our neighbors.

Since life is precious, it is our duty to respect, protect, nurture and preserve the human life from the moment of conception
until life is recalled by the Creator. It is our duty to uphold and recognize each other‟s dignity for a just society is based on respect.

A.3. Order (Pagsunod sa mga Alintuntunin)

Order means doing “first thing first.” It is simply doing the right
thing at the right time and at the right place without hesitation.

Our Oath of Allegiance enumerates our duties for the

establishment of an orderly society and in turn, an orderly life. Take a look
at our Panatang Makabayan:

Iniibig ko ang Pilipinas, aking lupang sinilangan, tahanan ng

aking lahi. Kinukupkop ako at tinutulungan maging malakas, masipag at
marangal. Dahil mahal ko ang Pilipinas, diringgin ko ang payo ng aking
magulang, susundin ko ang tuntunin ng paaralan, tutuparin ko ang
tungkulin ng mamamayang makabayan: naglilingkod, nag-aaral at
nagdarasal ng buong katapatan. Iaalay ko ang aking buhay, pangarap,
pagsisikap, sa bansang Pilipinas.

Order, personal or social, entails the discipline of mind, emotion and action which we need to establish so that we can live in a
peaceful, successful and productive life; otherwise, it will trigger situations of panic, unrest, confusion, havoc and anarchy.
Everyone should understand that the value of Order is important in our quest to improve ourselves and become more
productive citizens. Without the norms that set parameters as to what is to be done or to be avoided, without the rules and regulations
that sustain societies, pandemonium may eventually swallow us.

Order entails the discipline of the mind, emotion and action. It is essential that we have to follow a particular order even in
loving. It is a challenge that we have to learn to be methodical in our studies, work or play by establishing a habit, a system or a
routine. Valuing order it may ensure security of all citizens.

A.4. Work (Paggawa ng Marangal)

Why work? Is there a relationship between studying today and working tomorrow? As students, will the attitudes and
behaviors today affect the type of attitudes and perspectives toward works later on?

It is generally accepted that we work because we have to make a living not only to survive but more importantly to have a
better life. Agapay (2002) claimed that “the duty to preserve one‟s life implies the duty to work.” He claimed further that “work is a
creative process for self-development and when properly combined with leisure, it is healthful and promotes both mental, physical well-
being”.

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 As students therefore, the preparation for an ideal/dream work or career for tomorrow starts today. Those who prepare well
may eventually reap the fruits of their sacrifices, while those who do not, failure may await them.

Story: House Builder

An elderly carpenter told his employer-contractor that

he was ready to retire. Because of his contribution, the rich
contractor was sorry to see his worker go. But eventually, he
yielded but asked if this carpenter could build just one more
house as a personal favor. The carpenter said yes, but over
time it was easy to see that his heart was no longer in his
work. He resorted to shoddy workmanship and used inferior
materials. The house was considered as the worst of all that
he had built before. It was an unfortunate way to end a
dedicated career.

When the carpenter finished his work, his employer-

contractor came to inspect the house. Although unimpressed
and unsatisfied, he handed the front-door key to the carpenter
and said, “This is your house... my gift to you.” The carpenter
was shocked!

Lesson: Life is a do-it-yourself project. Our attitude today influences our work later on.
No matter how hard or how many works we do, what counts in the end is not the volume of work but the amount of love that
we put into it. Let us avoid becoming indolent citizens in our studies, activities or work. Instead, we cheerfully work with love, integrity
and honesty towards a culture of excellence.

An old Danish proverb that says, “God gives every bird its food but does not drop it into the nest” only shows that we need to
work because it is our responsibility. Even the great Confucius also remarked, “Give fish to a man and he will have food to eat for a
day; teach him how to fish and he shall have food to eat throughout his lifetime.” He even encouraged us to “Choose a job that we
love, and we will never have to work a day in our life.” The Bible appropriately reminded us: “If a man will not work, he shall not eat”
(2Thessalonians 3:10).

A.5. Concern for Family (Pagkalinga) and Future Generation

This value, collectively, means that our utmost attention is focused on the family as sanctuary of life and a core unit of society.
Our family is a gift from God as we draw inspiration and strength from them and in return. We are expected to do our responsibilities to
keep it intact and strong against the forces that tend to destroy it, its values and its sense of unity.

Since family is worth more than any worldly gain, it is only appropriate that we should be vigilant in valuing it and be
strengthened by the love, understanding, and mutual respect given by the members of the family. The words of Francisco Balagtas
“Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay „di makararating sa paroroonan” still rings in our systems today.

“The family is essential factor in the general, social and even political life. Constant living together of husband and wife, and of
parents and children, contributes to the development of a strong sense of duty. The family is an indispensable element of social
cohesion and equilibrium” (Tolentino, id., citing 3 Castan 428-431).

B. PAGKAMAKA-TAO (Shared Being, The Bayanihan Spirit)

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 Frank Sheed remarked that, “Everybody is presumed to know what man is but the varied political, social, educational,
philosophical, and religious systems in the world underscore the fact that anybody else has a different view of man” (Man Essential,
part I, pp. 3-22).

The relationships that we have established: relationships to ourselves, to various social institutions, to our neighbors, to the
material world and to God, have something to do with how we see ourselves and others. The attitudes and behaviors that we manifest
in the way we deal with others are reflections of our basic perspectives with who and what man is, thus the level of help we extend to
them is basically founded from this principle.

Some values under Pagkamaka-Tao include:

B.1. Love

Agapay (2002) defined Love as the “tendency of the will towards what is good.” This allows us to infer that if we love or we
are loved, all these descriptions of Biblical love are experienced. For love to be felt, it has to be creative, reciprocated and expressed.

Life becomes meaningful by the value of love, for it is through love that we care, respect, forgive and trust. But why does our
country never move forward if we all have love within us? Is it because not all of us have learned how to live a life in love which holds
us to love others? “If you love me, keep my commandments” (John 14:15) is Jesus‟ ardent appeal.
Story: Sand and Stone (Bro. Andrew Maria Almonte, MMHC)

A story tells about two friends, Juan and Pedro, walking through the desert. During some point of the journey they had an
argument and Pedro slapped Juan in the face. Naturally, Juan was hurt, but without saying anything, he wrote in the sand: "TODAY
MY BEST FRIEND SLAPPED ME IN THE FACE."

They kept walking until they found an oasis, where they decided to take a bath. Suddenly, Juan got stuck in the mire and
started drowning, but immediately Pedro extended his hands and saved him. After Juan recovered from the near drowning, he wrote
on a stone: "TODAY MY BEST FRIEND SAVED MY LIFE."

Curiously, Pedro asked him, “After I hurt you, you wrote it in the sand, and now, you wrote it on a stone, why?” Juan replied:
“When someone hurts us, we should write it down in sand where winds of forgiveness can erase it away. But, when someone does
something good for us, we must engrave it in stone where no wind can ever erase it.”

Lesson: The power of love goes beyond pain and human frailties.

Love brings more good than anything else although it entails sacrifice, responsibility and service. Let us allow the force of love
to bind us together as a nation. Since love is a key ingredient to our national progress, let us help make love as the beginning, the
middle and the end of our history as a nation.

B.2. Freedom

In a class, a lady student defined freedom as: “Thinking, saying or doing the things we want to do.” Some students agreed but
a male student commented: “So I can kiss you, anyway I‟m free to do it!” The class erupted while the lady student blushed. Allowing
anyone to do whatever he wishes would mean chaos and disorder. Freedom gives recognition and respect to our individuality as
persons. Freedom is never without responsibility for it is the power to act or not to act deliberately.

As a gift, our lives come with our freedom to choose what we want to make of them. At the end of the day, we are supposed
to be responsible for what we have made of it and cease to wash our hands or point fingers at somebody or something as the culprit of
our acts for we are what we do.

As Blessed John Paul II states: “Freedom consists not in doing what we like, but in having the right to do what we ought,” we
are supposed to be doing the things that we are to do and not necessarily because we are obliged to do it. We are gifted with
knowledge and intellect to know the truth and the consent and free will to choose what is good. This freedom allows us to choose what
is truly best for us, for our parents, for our community, and for our country. The bottom line is we can never be free to do what is

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wrong, like cheating during quizzes or exams, or stealing a cell phone from a seatmate, or thieving a wallet from a classmate, or
committing suicide or murder among others, that freedom is and will always be pretentious.

B.3. Peace

Peace is a state of mutual harmony between people or groups, especially in personal relations
(http://dictionary.reference.com). Common folks simply define peace as the absence of disturbance, hostilities or war. A phrase in a
song aptly describes where it supposedly starts: “Let there be peace on earth, and let it begin with me.” Jesus, in the Beatitudes,
reminded that the peacemakers are blessed and that they are called children of God (Mat. 5:9).
A participant in a national convention raised his hand for an inquiry, in the middle of the speech about Global Peace delivered
by an international Peace Advocate from Washington D.C., to the surprise of the gallery. The man asked the speaker: “Excuse me sir,
but may I be clarified as to what peace are you trying to explain to us? Do we have the same definition of peace? Is my understanding
of peace as the absence of war and war as the absence of Peace the same as yours?” The speaker, though startled and amused,
politely answered him that he was actually going to that direction – peace that starts from the self and goes to the world.

Just like the man who asked, we are oftentimes impatient of its coming.

“When you find peace within yourself, you become the kind of person who can live at peace with others,” says Peace Pilgrim
(American Teacher & Spiritual leader and Peace Prophet, 1908-1981).

The value of peace is centered around the self, in doing good for other and for the country. It includes living and working
together in harmony and avoiding violence as a way of settling disputes. Peace begins from the self and is a God-given gift that must
be nurtured by prayer and reflection. It can be attained and sustained when we develop a deep sense of respect and consciousness of
their faith in God, fellowmen, environment, and country. St. Augustine once remarked: “Peace means serenity of mind, simplicity of
heart and tranquility of soul.”

Each of us should be a person of peace, a builder of harmony among our fellowman. Every student should strive hard to
foster the value of peace in his personal endeavors and abhor all means of violence whether in his personal affairs as a son/daughter,
brother/sister, friend, classmate or whatever. No bullying, in whatever form, should be done towards fellow students, neighbors,
strangers or anyone else.

B.4. Value of Truth

Truth is an extraordinary or unusual thing, person, or event; an

exceptional example or instance, similar to constancy or sincerity in action
or character centered on living and loving passionately with honesty and
sincerity (http://dictionary.reference.com). It must have been considered
as an extraordinary value since truth involves constancy and sincerity in
our character and actions day in and day out.

Truth is important in our society because it is a condition for

freedom as it entails transparency, honesty, integrity and humility. Let
honesty be applied in all our roles in life because “the truth shall set us
free”, and in the end, truth will always prevail. “By dividing truth, we
multiply lies” says an anonymous author. http://www.atlanteanconspiracy.com

The most essential quality for leadership, in the circle of friends, classmates and in the family, is not perfection but credibility -
It‟s being truthful. In our dialect: “Ang pagsasabi ng tapat ay pagsasamang maluwat” affirms the benefit of telling the truth more than
keeping and burying it.

When truths are not revealed, they become lies; and, lies when they are revealed and accepted, eventually may become the
truth. Every student should explain as to the reasons why he/she fails a subject or drops his/her class, telling where they go for
gimmicks instead of using school works as excuse, by asking the correct amount for tuition fee or the right amount for allowance or a
project, by being truthful in everything he/she thinks, says and does.

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 Suggested
Activity
Name____________________________________ Section__________ Rating:______

As a student, how will you concretely show respect (paggalang) towards your classmates, instructors, university personnel,
sales clerk, shoe shine boy, mamang tsuper, and everyone else in the course of your college life?
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How important is the value of order in your life as a student, a friend, a son/daughter, and a future professional?
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What is the relationship between your studies today and that of your perceived/planned work later on?
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________.

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 B.5. Justice

Justice is giving every man his/her due. This follows the principle of fairness that like cases should also be treated alike. As
former U.S. President Jimmy Carter said, “The law is not the private property of lawyers, nor is justice the exclusive province of judges
and juries,” he pointed out that justice is not a matter of courts and law books, but a commitment in each of us to liberty and mutual
respect. The Bible reminds us that, “We have to treat others the way we want them to treat us” (Mat.7:12). Confucius has another way
of reminding us through his Golden Rule: “Do not do unto others what we do not want to be done to us.”

We can value justice by means of promoting ethical practices that enhance it whether in the classroom, home, barkadahan, in
the Barangay and the country in general. Later on, when responsibility is given to us, justice could also mean promotion of a humane
working condition to our employees or colleagues, correct use of power when elected into an office, and moving purposefully away
from corruption and other evils in our daily affairs.

Justice is important in our life because it ensures us that our society fosters an
atmosphere that respects human dignity, security, and one that allows every person equal
opportunity to pursue posterity, development and happiness.

Story: The Farmer (Bro. Andrew Maria Almonte, MMHC)

There was once a poor farmer who would come to town every weekend in order to
supply a store owner with homemade bibingka in exchange for five kilos of rice. One day,
the baker decided to weigh the bibingka and he discovered that they were one kilogram
short.

Now this made the baker very angry as he accused the farmer of cheating on him.
The farmer very calmly replied: “You see sir, I am poor and I have no weighing scale at
home. So I take the five kilos of rice you give me and use it as the basis of weighing so that
I can‟t be wrong in giving you the equal amount of bibingka.”

www.photo-dictionary.com Moral lesson: Giving justice to anyone is a fair treatment to everyone.

C. PAGKAMAKA-BAYAN (Love of Country)

Pagkamaka-Bayan suggests a positive behavior of a man towards everything about his country. It is an act of showing
support and love for one's country and the events that created its governing structure (http://www.ehow.com). One‟s love of country is a
point of view or feeling that must be defined by each individual, which includes but not limited to: service to his country, voting in an
election, or a simple feeling of love or pride at being a Filipino citizen.

Today, some concrete ways of manifesting our love of country include voting for leaders that we believe can help us attain our
collective aspirations, participate in the community affairs that promote social justice, being proud of our cultural roots, and even taking
pride in the achievements of our athletes, OFWs, artists here or abroad

As a Filipino student, what are other practical ways where you can depict or manifest your of love of your country? How can
you convince the members of your family, circle of friends, neighbors, to do the same?
The Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag (Panunumpa ng Katapatan sa Watawat) summarizes our roles as citizens of
the country, aptly highlighted by the last phrase, “Sisikapin kong maging isang tunay na Pilipino sa isip, sa salita, at sa gawa” (original
version), and in the current version, “Tutuparin ko ang tungkulin ng mamamayang makabayan; naglilingkod, nag-aaral, at nagdarasal
nang buong katapatan. Iaalay ko ang aking buhay, pangarap, pagsisikap sa bansang Pilipinas.” As long as we have not renounced
our citizenship, the challenges remain: we got to dedicate our life and limbs for our country, the land of our birth, the home of Filipinos.

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 Some practical tips for students on how to how to show, love of country: (http://www.ehow.com/how_2258168_love-ones-
country.html):
1. Support our country by paying taxes. Cheating on taxes is tantamount to stealing from our mother's purse.
2. Vote intelligently. In a country that offers a democratic government, voting is the way that citizens engage.
3. Speak well of our country when visiting others or when in conversation with other nationals. Even though we may not agree
with everything our leaders do, we should not air our negative feelings in front of others.
4. Become involved in activities geared toward the well being of our country. Environmental and political debates are
meaningless without good works and positive action.
5. Display our flag on appropriate holidays and participate in events that honor our country.
6. Wear our patriotism in the form of jewelry, clothing and even in other forms of fashion.

Some values under Pagkamaka-Bayan include:

C.1. Unity (Katipunan)

Unity is the state of being undivided, combining all the parts, elements
and individuals into an effective whole. It is a good citizenship value for it shares
a common vision in working together to achieve a common end. The importance
of dialogue, for example, as a means of resolving disagreements is an ideal way
to preserve unity.

Alexander the Great once quipped “Remember upon the conduct of each
depends the fate of all.” Jesus preached of unity when he said: “If a kingdom is
divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. And if a house a divided
against itself, that house will not be able to stand” (Mark 3:24-25). The challenge
for us is to find a common point to become the basis for unity even though we
differ in ideas, principles and practices.

“In union there is strength” says the motto of a cement brand. This is practically applicable to our school activities, in our
families, in other institutions, and in our country as well. To achieve this, each student is challenged to put aside divisions and agree to
work as one. This may sound absurd because it may not be easy considering various differences, from regional tongue to political
inclinations, yet it is something that has to be done if we wish to be better, both as an individual and as a Filipino.

C.2. Equality (Pantay-pantay)

This is premised in the concept that people should be treated as equals regardless of their race, religion, ethnicity, political
affiliation, economic status, social status, and cultural heritage. This maintains that all humans are equal in all of its fundamentals.
In the Constitution‟s Bill of Rights, each citizen is guaranteed an equal protection of the laws and shall not be deprived of life,
liberty, or property without due process of law. Under all circumstances, all persons should be treated as equals and must have
accorded the same political, economic, social, and civil rights. This equality of man is premised in the belief of the dignity of man and
the intrinsic worth of human life. The late Thomas Jefferson put it: “All men are created equal, that the Creator endowed them
inalienable rights.”

Anecdote: Skulls (Andrew Maria Almonte, MMHC)

A group of skulls in a cemetery had a conversation. “Hey,” said a skull to another, “who were you when you were alive?” “I
was a king,” answered the skull with an air of pride. “Yes, I was once his slave,” replied another skull. “He was a tyrant, ruthless and
merciless king!” “How dare you speak about me like that!” countered the king-skull. “I am your king, remember?” “Shut up!” shouted
the slave-skull. “You are no longer my king nor am I your slave! We are the same now – skulls!”

Lesson: We may differ in worldly stature but each one bears the same dignity and shares one destiny.

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 C.3. Respect for the law and Government (Kagalang-galang)

From time to time, reports of accidents resulting from unconcerned if

not indifferent attitude towards simple rules and regulations: from non-usage of
pedestrian lane or non-wearing of safety helmets or violation of basic traffic rules
headlined the various outlets of mass media. The results were sometimes
horrific, if not damaged valuable properties, lives are lost.

In the early Platonic dialogue, Crito, Socrates made a compelling

argument as to why we should obey the law. He explained that he has acquired
an overwhelming obligation to obey the laws because the same laws have made iamthenetconnector.wordpress.com
his entire way of life, and even the fact of his very existence, possible
(http://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/).

For Thomas Hobbes, the justification for political obligation is this: even if men, although rational, are naturally self-serving and
self-interested, they will choose to submit to the authority of a Sovereign in order to be able to live in a civil society which is conducive
to their own interests. He further argued that if individuals are left to do whatever they wish to do, human society can be in the worst
possible situation, it may become a state of perpetual and unavoidable war (http://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/).

As students, respect for the law and government challenges each one to be vigilant all for the welfare of our country. It calls
everyone to be of service: to our school, home, community and the government regardless of who seats at its helm. We should be law-
abiding citizens regardless of who are in power- who the Group Leader is, the Teacher, the Dean, the President of the University, the
Mayor of the City, the President of the Country for as long as our welfare and interest are well served and not of the interest of the few
especially those who already have.

The University offers various subjects relative for this, but what is supposed to be done remains in our hands whether we
realize and concretize it or not.
Each moment, the world offers us a lot of opportunities to obey or not to obey the rules and regulations that are set for a
smooth and harmonious living: from wearing of school I.D. or NSTP uniform, to falling in line during tuition fee payment, following a
proper queue in fast food chains, to paying of correct amount of taxes when we already have jobs, etc. The challenge is for each one
of us to follow them if we wish to move forward as a nation.

C.4. The Value of Patriotism

With the proliferation of fake and imitation products that swallowed Philippine markets today: from vegetables to fruits to
beauty products to signature apparels to gadgets to appliances - the late Claro M. Recto spoke of something that must be done by
today‟s generation: “Pilipino muna. Tangkilikin ang Sariling Atin.”

Patriotism is traditionally defined as love for or devotion to our country. Its spirit is best expressed in the lyrics of our
Pambansang Awit culminated in the last phrase that
says: “Ang mamatay ng dahil sa‟yo.” The late senator
Benigno „Ninoy‟ Aquino believed that “The Filipino is
worth-dying for.” Just lately, Benigno S. Aquino III in his
SONA added that “The Filipino is worth fighting for.”

Agapay (2002) says that the country is

ourselves and the land where we live. It is patriotic to
love our country. It is also a moral duty because the
fulfillment of our social nature requires it. We cannot be
self-sufficient in everything. Our human destiny is

PROPERTY OF UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO – NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM | 29

intertwined with that of others.

Apolinario Mabini exhorts us “To love our country after God, honor and even above ourselves because she is the only
paradise which God has given us in this life; it is the only patrimony of our race, the only inheritance from our ancestor and the only
future of our descendants; because of her we have life, love and interests; happiness, honor and God” (Verdadero Decalogo no. 41).

Patriotism encourages us to be good citizens and constantly vigilant for the welfare of our country. It calls for our commitment
to serve the interest of the nation by protecting her integrity and uphold the rights and dignity of others. Being proud of our national
identity in academics, sports or in culture or simply just being responsible voters are examples on how we cultivate this value.

C5. Promotion for Common Good (Kabutihan)

This refers to the good, which is common and shared by a number of persons in a community. This common good describes
a specific “good” that is shared and beneficial, ideally for all, if not most of the members of a given community
(http://www.answers.com). Goods must be enjoyed by the greater number of people over those goods that are preferred only by a few.

St. Thomas Aquinas emphasized the importance of the common good as recipient of the benefits of societies‟ ordinances
when he defined Law as “Nothing other than a certain ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the person who has
the care of the community.”
Common good consist of these elements:

1. respect for the person as such – his fundamental and inalienable human rights.
2. the social well-being and development of the group itself.
3. peace for the stability and security of a just order.

To promote “common good” is an obligation of every Filipino. It is to share what we have to other members of society who
needed most our help so that their human dignity is upheld. In doing this, we should be sincere and willing to be counted in the work of
promoting it since the government needs all citizens to join in this mission.

D. PAGKAMAKA-KALIKASAN (Love of Environment)

D.1. Responsible Management of the Creation

“…and God said unto them, be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish
the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over
the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth!”
(Genesis).

Most environmentalists believe that these are the words of God who
commissioned human beings to be stewards of His creation. From this, they
inferred that:

1. each one possesses a moral obligation to preserve the

environment and the natural order of things
2. man‟s survival is, always and forever be, interrelated with
his environment

Since our existence is always and forever interrelated with the world
we live in, we also possess the duties and responsibilities to protect it, not
only for our consumptions but for our children and our children‟s children as
well. The calls for the preservation of the environment is a task for all, and
not only or exclusively shouldered by the government or the environment-
inclined NGO‟s or groups.

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 As creatures of God made in his image and likeness, we have the mandate to govern the world with justice and holiness. We
are expected to respect the integrity of creation and be conscious of our actions in relating with the environment.

As a environmental saying which says: “We did not inherit the land from our parents but merely borrowed it from our children,”
it has become man‟s primal duty to preserve his environment for he is always affected by its conditions (Dr. Dioscoro Umali).

Environmentalist-singer Joey Ayala put in plain words man‟s relationships with his environment when he sang: “Ang lahat ng
bagay ay magkaugnay, magkaugnay ang lahat .”

Given the chance to show our concern for the environment, we are to accept the challenges of taking good care of it,
preserving this world for our children‟s children so they can also experience the grandeur of this creation.

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 Suggested
Activity Name____________________________________ Section__________ Rating:______

Would you prefer to work or live in other country than develop or improve your life, together with your family, in the very
community you come from?
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Would you cheat to pass a quiz or an exam? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________.

PROPERTY OF UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO – NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM | 32

 Suggested
Activity Name____________________________________ Section__________ Rating:______

Write a slogan that truly depicts the nature of the following citizenship values. Whether your slogans are personally created
or quoted from literatures, just make them concise.
1. Faith and Belief in God:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
2. Respect for Life:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
3. Order:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
4. Work:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
5. Family:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
6. Love:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
7. Freedom:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
8. Peace:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
9. Truth:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
10. Justice:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
11. Unity:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
12. Equality:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
13. Respect for the Law and Government:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
14. Patriotism:
“__________________________________________________________________________”
15. Promotion of Common Good :
“__________________________________________________________________________”
16. Responsible Management of the Creation:
“__________________________________________________________________________”

PROPERTY OF UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO – NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM | 33

MODULE 4: REPUBLIC ACT 9165
DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAM

Objectives:

At the end of this module, the students are able to:

1. explore the nature and effects of drugs and other substances on personal health and social relationships;
2. synthesize accurate information on the health, legal and social consequences on the abuse of drugs and other substances;
3. develop a plan to address drug and substance abuse; and
4. make a personal commitment to remain drug-free.

The Drug Education Program for the Youth aims to prevent drug abuse
among the youth (particularly the students) through the development of desirable
values, attitudes and practices.

It is the policy of the State to:

1. safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being of its citizenry, particularly
the youth, from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and
mental well-being, and

2. defend the same against acts or omissions that are detrimental to their
development and preservation (the state enhances further the efficiency of the law
against dangerous drugs, it being one of today’s more serious social ills).

Introduction: courtesy: joyreactor.com

While the state recognizes the primary responsibility of the family, particularly the parents, for the education and awareness of
its members of the ill effects of prohibited drugs, the school, with the assistance of local government units (LGU’s) and other agencies,
has the obligation to employ every reasonable means to provide a healthy and drug-free environment to its populace.

Cognizant of the right of students to continue and complete their studies, the state and the schools shall give emphasis to the
implementation of efficient and effective measures aimed at prevention for the use, guidance and counseling, together with treatment
and rehabilitation, to any student found to have used or becoming dependent on prohibited drugs.

The implementation of an intensified drug abuse prevention & education programs in school is an integral part of the State‟s
over-all demand reduction efforts.
This drug education program is a significant undertaking in order to free the youth, the Hope of the Fatherland, from dangers
brought about by drugs. As the most vulnerable group, the youth of today must be well-informed so they can be more prudent in their
decisions. Since most drug users start their habit early, usually during their teenage years, the period of experimentation, exploration,
curiosity, and search for identify, an honest-to-goodness assistance or guide is needed so that they may not succumb to become
particularly susceptible to drug experience.

This guide presents the content of drug education program with simple and true information about what drugs are, the physical
and mental effects of drugs, and social issues related to drug use. Hopefully, this can help provide a realistic picture of drug use,
convince students to readily “say no to drugs,” and hope that when situations come and challenge their convictions, they may have the
necessary knowledge to come to a conclusion as to the why’s of their choice.

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Drug Education:

Drug Education is the planned provision of information and skills relevant to living in a world where drugs are commonly
misused. It enables children and young adults to develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes to appreciate the benefits of a healthy
lifestyle, promote responsibility towards the use of drugs and relate these to their own actions and those of others, both now and in
their future lives. It also provides opportunities for young people to reflect on their own and others' attitudes to drugs, drug usage and
drug users (www.narconon.org/drug-education/).

Drug Education in the Philippines:

Since the late 80s, Drug Education has become part of the educational curriculum whereby the state, with the assistance of
concerned institutions, continue to hope for the safety of our students and all other members of the populace. Today, the Drug
Education Program is centered around the provisions of Republic Act No. 9165, known as Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002 which was approved on January 23, 2002. This Act established the Dangerous Drugs Board which is the Policy-Making and
Strategy-Formulating Body in planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control.

This Act also created the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA),
which serves as the implementing arm of the Board. PDEA is responsible for
the efficient and effective law enforcement of all the provisions on any
dangerous drug and essential chemical.

Under the auspices of the Office of the President, the DDB initiates
dialogues and education campaigns using an assortment of strategies in
minimizing the ill-effects of drug abuses. The Board, with the various LGU‟s and
NGO‟s, visualizes a drug-free society. But its vision cannot be achieved by the
agency alone, it needs collaborations from all stakeholders, including schools
www.flickr.com and specifically, family.
The Family:

The family plays a vital but critical role in the education of the proper use of drugs, its ill-effects if abused and prevention in its
proliferation. It is the most ideal entity that can nurture the proper values of the youth so that they can become cautious in the event
that their principles are challenged. The presence of a strong support-system particularly from the family is needed to resist the
temptations of drugs.

The abuse of drugs (and all other vices) is a family disease with severe consequences not only for the users but for family
members, particularly children who happen to be the most vulnerable members.

1. Effects of Drug Abuse on the Family. Drug addiction affects not only the user physically and mentally but also the family. In the
same way as the addict, family members coping with a drug-addicted member can suffer from significant effects, including financial
instability, impairment of work abilities, reputation, interruption of normal life activities, and greater risk of health problems because
of stress.
2. Significance. Drug abuse within a family causes debilitating emotional strain for partners and relatives, creates irreparable
damage to children, and carries the power to destroy the family altogether.
3. Family Relationships. It is impossible for a family to sustain a healthy existence when one member or a number of them become
addicted to drugs: Drug-induced illusions of the addicts can alter the family's own reality, rendering it tenuous and unreliable and
destroying the foundation for the family.

PROPERTY OF UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO – NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM | 35

4. Children. The effects of drug abuse on children, particularly when a parent is the addict, include painful feelings of responsibility,
assuming the role of the missing parent, belief that their childhood experiences have been taken and the abandonment of faith in a
strong parental figure.
5. Parents. For parents who discover their child‟s drug abuse, the immediate effects include overwhelming feelings of anger and guilt
from thinking that they should have known and have stopped it (http://www.ehow.com).

Some Basic Facts:

1. Prenatal exposure to drugs, tobacco or alcohol is associated with miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight and physical deformities,
impairment, disorders, depression and retardation.
2. Parental drug abuses increase the incidence of family violence, separation, financial problems and exposure to crime.
3. Substance abusing parents are much likelier than parents who don‟t abuse alcohol or drugs to abuse and neglect their children.
4. Children of smokers are likelier to suffer ear infections, asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia.
5. Children of parents who use drugs or alcohol, or smoke are likelier to do the same.
6. Parents who are permissive about their children‟s substance use put them at greater risk of smoking, drinking and using drugs
(http://www.iowadec.net).

Parents have enormous power to be a healthy influence on their children, to help steer them from involvement with drugs,
alcohol or tobacco. If the parents show the proper way of living life to the fullest even in drugs‟ absence, children usually do follow.

The Roles of Family:

One simple way for Filipino parents to be engaged in their children‟s lives is to sit down with them frequently, especially during
meal time. It can be inferred that the more often teens have dinner or even casual conversations with their parents, the less likely they
are to use drugs, smoke, or drink.

For Filipino parents, one of the most effective and underutilized tool in the struggle to keep children and teens drug-free is
parent power. The hows of taking care of their children are basically the first and most effective and efficient prevention for substance
abuse. To further educate the children, parents:

1. can educate themselves to recognize the signs and symptoms of substance abuse;
2. can intervene early with children at highest risk (family history, emotional or behavioral problems); and
3. can get professional help when they spot substance abuse.

Parents‟ Modeling:

Social learning theory suggests that modeling of a behavior such as drug use, or smoke, or alcohol use is more likely if
children respect the parent (Jacob & Leonard, 1994). This modeling hypothesis is partially supported by findings that children are more
likely to develop the same pattern of behavior from that of their parents (McCord, 1988).

If parents are smokers, alcoholics or drug addicts, the children can also be, possibly, drug dependents.

DRUG ADDICTION

Today more than ever, science is providing us with the tools we need to better tailor our prevention efforts. Scientists are now
poised to capitalize on recent advances in genetics, neuroscience, and developmental biology to create targeted science-based
prevention programs that reflect the complexities underlying drug abuse and addiction. Some of these aspects include:

PROPERTY OF UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO – NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM | 36

 1. Addiction is a complex disease.
a. No single factor can predict who will become addicted to
drugs.
b. Addiction is influenced by varied factors involving genes,
environment and age of first use.
c. Recent advances in genetic research have enabled
researchers to begin to uncover which genes make a person
more vulnerable or which protect a person against addiction,
and how genes and environment interact.

2. Addiction is a developmental disease.

a. It begins in adolescence or even childhood when the brain
continues to undergo changes.
b. The prefrontal cortex– located just behind the forehead–
governs judgment and decision-making functions and is the
last part of the brain to develop.
c. Teens who are prone to risk-taking, are particularly vulnerable
to drug abuse, and exposure to drugs at this critical time may affect propensity for future addiction.

3. Prevention and early intervention work best.

a. The developmental years might also present opportunities for resiliency and for receptivity to intervention that can alter
the course of addiction.
b. Risk factors leading to drug abuse and addiction– mental illness, physical or sexual abuse, aggressive behavior,
academic problems, poor social skills, and poor parent-child relations.
c. Knowledge, combined with better understanding of the motivational processes at work in the young brain, can be applied
to prevent drug abuse from starting or to intervene early to stop it when warning signs emerge (http://www.nida.nih.gov)

Drug Abuse:

Drug abuse, also called substance abuse or chemical abuse, is a disorder that is characterized by a destructive pattern of
using a substance that leads to significant problems or distress. It affects more than 7% of people at some point in their lives. Teens
are increasingly engaging in prescription drug abuse, particularly narcotics (which are prescribed to relieve severe pain), and stimulant
medications, which treat conditions like attention deficit disorder (http://www.medicinenet.com).
Profile of a Drug Addict:
(http://www.authorstream.com)

1. AGE: 15 – 25 = most common age or mean age is 18; most are in the adolescent period.
2. SEX: majority are Male 15:1
3. Civil Status: 90% are single and only 10% are married or with families.
4. Educational Attainment: majority are High School Students, 3rd or 4th year, or if in college they are freshmen and sophomore
classes.
5. Occupation: most are either jobless or students. Few are gainfully employed. If employed majority are clerks, laborers, they often
have a history of having dropped out of school.
6. By Birth and Size of the Family: oftentimes eldest or youngest; - In bigger family either the second or middle child
7. By Residence: more on Urban areas

PROPERTY OF UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO – NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM | 37

RECOGNIZING THE DRUG ADDICT
(http://www.authorstream.com)

1. A drug addict will do everything possible to conceal his hobbies

2. Changing attendance at work or school
3. Change from normal capabilities
4. Poor physical appearance
5. Inattention to dress and personal hygiene
6. Wearing sunglasses constantly at in appropriate time
7. Unusual effort made to cover and in order to hide needle marks
8. Association with known drug abusers
9. Stealing items which can readily be sold for cash
10. Changes in health
11. Change in his approach to relationships
12. Changes in mood

IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF R.A. 9165

(http://www.authorstream.com)

A. ACTS PUNISHABLE BY LIFE IMPRISONMENT TO DEATH:

1. Importers of Dangerous Drugs (under Section 4)
2. Financiers of Drug Operations (under Section 4)
3. Distributors or Brokers or Transporters and Sellers/Traders or even those who are just asked to Deliver (under Section
5)
4. Maintenance of Den/Resort for Drugs (under Section 6)

B. ACTS PUNISHABLE BY LIFE IMPRISONMENT TO DEATH: POSSESSION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS (under Section 11)
1. 10 Grams or more of Opium, Morphine, Heroine, Cocaine, MJ Resin/Oil, Shabu
2. 500 Grams or more of Marijuana
3. 10 Grams or more of other dangerous drugs (like Ecstacy, LSD, etc.)

Note: Ecstacy is METHYLENEDIOXYMENTHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA). In Europe, US and some Asian Countries, it is called
“Hug Drug” or “Feel Good” Drug, intended to:
1. Reduce Inhibitions, Eliminate Anxiety, Feeling of Empathy for others
2. Suppress need to Eat, Drink and Sleep, Endure all-night/2-3 day Parties

C. ACTS PUNISHABLE BY LIFE IMPRISONMENT TO DEATH:

1. Cultivation and/or Culture of Dangerous Drugs (under Section 16)
2. Possession of Dangerous Drugs during parties, meetings or social gathering, 2 person or more (under Section 13)

D. ACTS PUNISHABLE BY LESSER PENALTIES:

Life Imprisonment
1. 10 grams or more but less than 50 grams of SHABU = 20 years – Life
2. 5 grams or more but less than 10 grams of SHABU = 12 yrs – 20 yrs
3. less than 5 Grams of any Dangerous Drugs = 12 yrs – 20 yrs
4. Protector/Coddler (under Section 27) = 12 yrs – 20 yrs
5. Unnecessary Prescription (under Section 18) = Life to Death
6. Unlawful Prescription (under Section 19) = Life to Death

PROPERTY OF UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO – NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM | 38

 E. OTHER PROVISIONS:
Possession of equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs (under Section 12)
1. Penalty = 6 Months to 4 years Imprisonment.
Use of Drugs (under Section 15)
a. 1st Offense = 6 Months Rehabilitation
b. 2nd Offense = 6 yrs – 12 yrs Imprisonment
c. 3rd Offense = 12 yrs – 20 yrs Imprisonment
2. Life – Death, for any public officer (under Section 27)
a. Misappropriate or Misapplies or Fails to account for confiscated drugs
b. Planting of evidence = Death (under Section 29)
c. Violations of Regulations Issued by DDB (under Section 32) = 6 Months to 4 Years plus Admin Sanctions from the
Board

Mandatory (yearly) drug test for military, police and other law enforcement administrators (under Section 36-E)
a. All persons charged with criminal offense = Not less than 6 years and 1 day (under Section 36-F)
b. Apprehended/arrested for violation of RA 9165 (under Section 38)

F. PROGRAM FOR TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION:

1. Voluntary submission of a drug dependent to confinement, treatment and rehabilitation (under Section 54)
2. Compulsory confinement of a drug dependent who refuses to apply under the Voluntary submission program (under
Section 61)

ADDITIONAL FACTS: (Labuguen et al., 2012)

GENERAL WARNING SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE:

 Irritable, discourteous, aggressive, untrustworthy and lacks self-confidence

 Unhealthy/malnourished and unconcerned with good grooming
 Has a low frustration tolerance
 Lacks interest in hid studies/works
 Prefers his “barkada” where he feels accepted
 Unusually wear sunglasses at inappropriate time
 Unusual borrowing of money and at all times stealing various items
 Nausea and vomiting
 Drowsiness and weightlessness

POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF DANGEROUS DRUGS:

 Develop changes in normal capabilities in school/work

 Develop changes in attendance in school or work
 Loss of memory/inability to think
 Muscle cramps and weakness/numbness in limbs/abdominal paints
 Damage to the central nervous system kidneys, liver and possibly bone marrow

PROPERTY OF UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO – NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM | 39

IMPLICATION OF DRUG PROBLEMS
 Panic reaction / crimes (rape, suicide), Physical / Physiological damages
 Destruction of family relationship

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

 Learn to talk to people about your problems

 Learn to say “NO” and to ask help
 Open line of communication especially to your family
 Proper education on Dangerous Drug/ (films, slides to rehabilitation center)
 Talking/ meeting people who were rehabilitated on the use of dangerous drugs.

SERVES FOR TREATMENT

 Therapy/ Rehabilitation
 Physical exercise and sports for relaxation
 Meditation/ using music to relax/ bodily relaxation techniques like yoga
 Learn to find new interest. Find out what you like doing the best.
 Meet new people. Go to new places, put yourself in new situations.

SOME MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE USE OF DANGEROUS DRUGS

 Taking medicines can solve problems (sleeping, losing weight, common colds, feeling better)
 May increase the number of friends/barkadas/acceptance in the culture he prefers.
 Gives enjoyment to users and in the context that is used as an alcohol substitute.
 Using, without benefit of prescription, useful drugs which have the capacity to alter the mood.
 Using any drug substances for purposes different from drug prescriptions.
 Using drugs and substance having no legitimate medical application but research.
 The soundness of the activity we do today will contribute to the success of the program we have together with our clients in
the days to come.

PROPERTY OF UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO – NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM | 40

 Suggested
Activity Name____________________________________ Section__________ Rating:______

Individual Activity, choose any of the following.

A. Make a poster/collage based from the statement: Take a picture of the poster and send it via the
Canvas LMS with a description.

“The importance of Dangerous Drug Law to the students and the community in general.”

B. Write a Position Paper on drug-related concerns such as police visibility in specific pot-session areas,
passing or reviewing of ordinances that protect students from drug-related crimes with this theme:

“What can I possibly do, as an NSTP trainee, to support the implementation of RA 9165?”

C. Create an anti-drug abuse signage (using materials available in your home). Be creative!: Take a
picture of the signage where you placed the said signage and send it via Canvas.

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