LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN ICT-10

Computer System Servicing – QUARTER 1 Week 5

Teacher: FLORIZEL E. VARGAS

LO.1 Concept Notes

FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

An Operating System (OS) is a set of programs that manage computer hardware

resources and provide common services for application software. The operating system is a vital
component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs require an
operating system which are usually separate programs but can be combined in simple systems.
Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer from cellular phones
and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.

TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS:

1. Real-time
A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing
real-time applications. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their quick and
predictable response to events. They have an event-driven or time-sharing design and often
aspects of both.

2. Multi-user
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer system
concurrently. Single-user operating systems, as opposed to a multi-user operating system, are
usable by a single user at a time. Being able to use multiple accounts on a Windows operating
system does not make it a multi-user system. Rather, only the network administrator is the real
user.

3. Multi-tasking
When only a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped under a
single-tasking system. However, when the operating system allows the execution of multiple tasks
at one time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system.

4. Distributed
A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers and makes
them appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that could be
linked and communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed
computations are carried out on more than one machine. When computers in a group work in
cooperation, they make a distributed system.
5. Embedded
Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems.
They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to
operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by
design.

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EXAMPLES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

1. DOS

DOS (Disk Operating System) was the first widely- installed

operating system for personal computers. It is a master control
program that is automatically run when you start your PC.
DOS stays in the computer all the time letting you run a
program and manage files. It is a single-user operating system
from Microsoft for the PC. It was the first OS for the PC and is
the underlying control program for Windows 3.1, 95, 98 and
ME. Windows NT, 2000 and XP emulate DOS in order to
support existing DOS applications.
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2. UNIX
UNIX operating systems are used in widely-sold workstation
products from Sun Microsystems, Silicon Graphics, IBM, and
a number of other companies. The UNIX environment and the
client/server program model were important elements in the
development of the Internet and the reshaping of computing
as centered in networks rather than in individual computers.
Linux, a UNIX derivative available in both "free software" and
commercial versions, is increasing in popularity as an
alternative to proprietary operating systems . Commons.wikimedia
.org

3. Mac OS X
The Macintosh (often called "the Mac"), introduced in 1984 by
Apple Computer, was the first widely-sold personal computer
with a graphical user interface (GUI). The Mac was designed to
provide users with a natural, intuitively understandable, and, in
general, "user- friendly" computer interface. This includes the
mouse, the use of icons or small visual images to represent
objects or actions, the point-and-click and click-and-drag
actions, and a number of window operation ideas. Microsoft was
successful in adapting user interface concepts first made
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popular by the Mac in its first Windows operating system. The rg

primary disadvantage of the Mac is that there are fewer Mac applications on the market than for Windows.
However, all the fundamental applications are available, and the Macintosh is a perfectly useful machine for
almost everybody. Data compatibility between Windows and Mac is an issue, although it is often overblown
and readily solved.

4. LINUX

Linux (or GNU/Linux) is a Unix-like operating system that was developed without any actual Unix code,
unlike BSD and its variants. Linux can be used on a wide range of devices from supercomputers to
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wristwatches. The Linux kernel is released under an open source
license, so anyone can read and modify its code. It has been
modified to run on a large variety of electronics. Although estimates
suggest that Linux is used on 1.82% of all personal computers, it
has been widely adopted for use in servers and embedded systems
(such as cell phones). Linux has superseded Unix in most places,
and is used on the 10 most powerful supercomputers in the world.
The Linux kernel is used in some popular distributions, such as
RedHat, Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and Google's Android.
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5. Microsoft Windows
Windows is a personal computer operating system from Microsoft
that, together with some commonly used business applications
such as Microsoft Word and Excel, has become a de facto
"standard" for individual users in most corporations as well as in
most homes. Windows contains built-in networking, which allows
users to share files and applications with each other if their PCs
are connected to a network. In large enterprises, Windows clients
are often connected to a network of UNIX and NetWare servers.
The server versions of Windows NT and 2000> are gaining market
share, providing a Windows-only solution for both the client and
server. Windows is supported by Microsoft, the largest software company in the world, as well as the
Windows industry at large, which includes tens of thousands of software developed.

6. Android - a Linux based platform and free and open operating system
originally developed by Google and released in November 5, 2007 for
mobile platforms.

Activity 1

Directions: Search on the Internet the different types of Operating Systems (O.S.) and their versions.

KINDS OF O.S. EXAMPLES / VERSIONS

1. Windows 1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
2. Mac O.S. 1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
3. Android 1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
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 1. 6.
4. Linux 2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
1.
5. Other kinds of O.S. 2.
3.
4.
5.

Activity 2
Directions: Watch videos from YouTube on how to install an O.S. (for example Windows 10, MacOS
Catalina, Redhat Linux, Chrome O.S. or Android 10.0) and be able to write down on
your paper the steps or the process of installing operating system using a bootable
media like USB flash drive or DVD optical drive.

SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-3

IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.

1) An operating system is a set of programs that manage computer hardware

resources and provide common services for application software.

2) Operating system is not a vital component of the system software in a

computer system. Application programs require an operating system which
are usually separate programs, but can be combined in simple systems.

3) Time-sharing operating systems schedule time for efficient use of the

system and may also include accounting for cost allocation of processor
time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.

4) For software functions such as input and output and memory allocation,
the operating system acts as an intermediary between application
programs and the computer hardware.

5) Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a

computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles to
supercomputers and web servers

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