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Hydrogen
❑ H2 is the most abundant element in the universe and 3 rd most
abundant element in the surface of globe.
7 valence electrons.
Zn + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2
Commercial preparation of hydrogen.
❑ The water gas can be prepared from coal, and this reaction is called
H2 +F2 → 2HF
H2 +Cl2 → 2HCl
H2 +Br2 → 2HBr
H2 +I2 → 2HI
4) Hydrogenation of vegetable oil
Eg: BaCl2.2H2O.
Examples:
CaC2+2D2O→C2D2+Ca(OD)2
SO3+D2O → D2SO4
Al4C3+12D2O → 3CD4+4Al(OD)3
Soft water and Hard water
▪ The water which form lather readily with soap solutions are
called soft water.
Here the hard water is treated with calculated quantity of slaked lime.
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 → 2CaCO3 ↓+ 2H2O
• When calgon is added to hard water, the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions present in
it combine with calgon to form soluble complex of Ca and Mg salts.
❑ So that it is stored in wax lined glass or plastic vessels and kept in dark.
BaO2+H2SO4 →BaSO4+H2O2+8H2O
Volume strength=11.2×molarity
H2O2 reduces
H2O2 reduces
(2) 50 cm3
(1) 60 %
(2) 30 %
(3) 6 %
(4) 3 %
3. The strength (in g/L) of 10 volume solution of H2O2 is
(1) 12
(2) 20
(3) 1.07
(4) 4
Hydrogen economy
❖ The term hydrogen economy refers to the transportation and
storage of energy in the form of liquid or gaseous hydrogen