CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Problem

Moral is term of human culture that have correlations with norms or

rules in society in which important to arranged the individual or human

relationship, Santosa (95-96:2011). Still, Kohlberg (in Leod, 2011) said that

moral has some stages to know the moral development in individual or

children where the characters building starting from the behavior or habits

that happen in the environment itself. So, moral comes from the individual

or the society in which is very used as arrangement to our characters

building. It means that moral is very connected with characters of human

being because moral is used to arrange the individual norms.

Meanwhile, Character is figure presented in a literary text, including

main character or protagonist and minor characters, Klarer (134:2004).

Character is one of form someone in the story. The author write the story is

based on the society or individual someone which happens in her/his

surrounding. In other ways, the author used to pour her/his aspirations

through the character in the story. So that, the literary work is important

point because, it can help the reader in learning and a medium of education,

Santoso (90:2011). Its mean that, the literary works that show the character

that revealed in the story usually capable and wise people.

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 The researcher used the morality approach in analyzing the moral

lesson in the novel of Little Farm in The Ozarks by Roger Lea Macbride.

The morality approach is one of approach in analyzing the literary work

especially novel. Santosa ( 89: 2011 ).

Little Farm in the Ozarks by Roger Lea MacBride is the novel that

told about a family in harmonies which immigration from the town. They

move to a little house in the village. They always happy although they just a

farmer. The farmer has a child namely Rose. Rose is happy child. For them,

Rose is the great presents that they get from the god. In this novel, many

message about moral that we get from Rose. She able to gives the reader

some lessons about moral. She learned with her father and then she wants to

help her parents. Rose also loved her mother and her father. For Rose, her

parent is her friends always help her when she was in difficulty.

Rose is the main character in Little Farm in the Ozarks which

described as a child who obey with her parents and love with animals, and

has good relationship with her friend. Rose and her family very happy

although difficult but they build the happiness in their little family.

Here, the researcher thought that moral lesson in this novel are

obedience and good interpersonal. It was moral lesson which described

through main character. Therefore, the researcher gives the title “The Moral

Lesson of Main Character as seen on little Farm in the Ozarks by Roger

Lea Macbride.

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1.2 The Identification of the Problem

Here, there are found some problems in this novel:

1. The main character in the Little Farm in The Ozarks by Roger Lea

MacBride.

2. The moral lesson of Main Character in The Little Farm in The

Ozarks by Roger Lea MacBride.

1.3 The limitation of the problem

This research is focused on moral lesson of the main character

based on morality approach. Because, with this approach the researcher can

see that a literary work has moral. Moral is a concept to arrange good or bad

an individual or society that’s why moral gives the important place in

society.

1.4 The Research Questions

1. What is the main character in The Little Farm in The Ozarks by

Roger Lea MacBride?

2. What is the moral lessons in The Little Farm in The Ozarks by

Roger Lea MacBride?

1.5 The Research Purposes

1. To know the description of main character in Little Farm in Ozarks

by Roger Lea MacBride.

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 2. To know the description of moral lesson of main character in novel

little Farm in The Ozarks by Roger Lea MacBride.

1.6 The Significance of the Study

1. To give more deeply explanation about moral lesson, especially in

Little Farm in The Ozarks.

2. To makes the readers understand the story of novel little farm in the

Ozarks by Roger Lea MacBride.

3. To give comprehension about this novel based on morality

approach.

4. To increase the knowledge of the reader in analyzing literary work

as little Farm in the Ozarks novel by Roger Lea MacBride.

In this research, the researcher used qualitative method because this

methods is suitable in doing analyzing the novel.

According to Semi ( Endraswara, 4:2008) states that:

“penelitian kualitatif merupakan penelitian yang tidak

meletakkan angka-angka akan tetapi konsep pembelajaran
interaksi manusia atau aspek sosial.

The qualitative research is the study do not put in the

numbers, but the priority depth appreciation of the interactions
between the concept being studied empirically

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 So that, this research suitable to analyzed with qualitative approach.

The researcher of this research has chosen some methods in collecting and

presenting data, they are;

1) Primary Data:

The researcher takes in primary data from the novel of Little Farm

in Ozarks by Roger Lea MacBribe.

2) Secondary Data:

The researcher takes the secondary data from the books of metode

penelitian sastra, pendekatan dan metode kerja, literary studies, journal of

moral development according to Kohlberg theory and journal of moral

approach to support the analysis.

1.7.1 The Technique of Collecting the Data.

The collection of the data are:

1. The researcher reads the novel little farm in the Ozarks by Roger Lea

MacBride. Then, quotes some problems that found in the novel,

2. The researcher finds the theory of morality approach to analyze the

data.

1.7.2 The Technique of Analyzing the Data

The technique in analyzing of the data are:

1. The researcher takes the relevant quotations of main character and

moral lesson then, explains through the analysis,

2. The researcher entered the theories from some sources those are

supported to analyzed the data,

3. The researcher draws the conclusion according to the analysis.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW ON RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Review on Related Literature

After reading the novel, the researcher found some thesis in which

related with moral approach. The first is Nkaya who analysis of Moral

Development of George Eliot’s Characters In Middlemarch According

To Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moralization. The thesis contends

that Eliot, as a believer in humanity, had a secular understanding of morality

in which man has a potential for moral growth and responsibility for his

actions. However, she also insists that morality is not a personal but a social

phenomenon and it is essential for an individual to be in harmony with

society for survival and happiness.

Second, Milne BA (Hons.) PGCE MA who analysis of Fiction,

Children’s Voices And The Moral Imagination: A Case Study. character

educators in the virtue ethics tradition children have suggested that schools

should pay more attention to children’s moral formation, particularly

through the teaching of literature. Moral choices as not stemming primarily

from a set of specific rules, skills, or moral knowledge but rather from the

particular story of one’s life and the vision that animates it excellent

narrative literature invites students to experience vicariously the desires,

conflicts, trials, and triumphs of characters.

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 While, the researcher analysis of Moral Lesson of Main

Character As Seen on Little Farm In The Ozarks By Roger Lea

Macbride Based on Morality Approach. Where, main character, namely

Rose that obey and has good relationship. While, moral development in

individual start from the behavior or habits in which happens in society.

And then, the moral itself important to arranged the individual.

2.2. The Theoretical Framework

2.2.1. Literature

Literature has an important role in many aspects of life, in addition

it also has a positive effect on the promotion and development of literature

itself, the role of this kind would be optimal if the literature study done in

earnest. The research literature is merely perfunctory, only to give birth to

litter alone, and maybe it will encourage existences literature, Pradopo

(Endaswara, 10:2008).

Sastra menjadi medium perekaman keperluan zaman, yang memiliki

semangat menggerakkan masyarakat ke arah budi pekerti yang terpuji.

Karya sastra dalam hal ini dinilai sebagai guru yang dapat dijadikan

panutan. Selain itu, penulis tidak hanya sekedar berekspresi melalui sebuah

karya sastra akan tetapi ia juga melahirkan karya sastra karena ia memiliki

visi, aspirasi, dan perjuangan sehingga karya sastra yang dihasilkan

memiliki nilai yang tinggi, Semi (90:2012). Its mean that literature is

important to know the moral aspect because the reader can learn how to

develop the character.

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 On the other hand, Dharma (Endaswara, 12:2008) literary studies

often implicitly compared attitude explicit. That is, if the other social

sciences often formulate the problem, hypothesis, an explicit goal.

Literature should be formulated through flexible sentences, uncertain, and

habit while.

Its means that, literature is a creative activity by author to result a

work, based on imaginative, side of life humans and form in writing so to

form word. Literary work is a unique phenomenon. It’s also an organic

phenomenon, in which the full range of meanings and function. Meaning

and this function is often vague and not clear, therefore, literature is

qualified with imagination.

2.2.2 Novel

Novel is the narrative fiction wherein the novel is distinct literary

prose, specific media requirement which used the paper and used the print to

pour the content of the novel. The characteristic subject matter that creates

both intimacy and a typical epic depth can be seen as features that

developed with the modern fiction, Wikipedia Encyclopedia (2013).

Meanwhile, so many theories which are come from many countries yet, the

novel did not from Indonesia but the influence from the outside like

England and America.

Then, the other expert told that Novel in terms derived from the

novel in English, the term earlier novels in the English language is Italian,

the novella (which in German novella. Novella interpreted a little new stuff,

8
then be interpreted as a short story in the form of prose , Abrams ( Purba

119 : 2010)

Novella or novellas contain the same meaning as the term

novella or novelette which in English means a work of prose fiction that

sufficient length, not too long, but not too short. Its mean that in the novel

has the rules as likes the explanation above the novel has the length and they

did not too long and too short. Depend on how the author arranged the story

that they creates, Nugriyantoro ( Purba, 62: 2010) .

2.2.3 Characters

According to Klarer (134:2004) character is figure presented in a

literary text, including main character or protagonist and minor characters. It

means that character one of form someone in the story. Therefore, human

life there are any differences characteristic may in good person or bad

person it was consider on the environment or from her/his parent. The

characteristic that in bad environment will influences to characteristic of

someone or if they are in good environment will makes them be a good

characteristic.

On the other hand, we will know the method of characterization.

Method of characterization is the techniques an author uses to reveal the

personality and character of a fictional person an author reveals a

character’s personality. Character is also manner of person and a person in a

play. In literary work an author must makes sense to the story because

character is need in the story to makes the story better and beside that the

9
reader entered to the story they will feel that they are in the story. Human

have differences character. Characters have two kinds they are flat character

and round character.

2.2.3.1 Flat Character

A typified character which dominant on character trait, a flat

character. A flat character is defining a single quality without much

individualizing detail. A round character is a complex individual incapable

of be easily defined, Klarer (17:2004). It was important for the character in

the novel.

While, the degree of the characters give the roundness and individual

complexity depends upon their function in the plot some only need to be

seen at a distance, like strangers or acquaintances, rather than known

intimately. Flat character is not Complete, It was simple and they did not

think the other but one aspect.

Therefore, flat character is often appearing in good character where

they did not have many problems. Because, it was simple character so do

not more the problem to solve.

2.2.3.2 Round Character

Klarer (17:2004) Round characters are often looks as developments

of types. The distinction between flat and rounded characters, while useful,

should not obscure the fact that there is a continuum of level of character

development; many characters will fall between the two poles, lightly

10
sketched, or even caricatured. Round character is also the complex features

and differentiated features. It means that round character has special

character.

2.4 Moral

According to Rosyidi (2010:17) many lesson about moral that we

get from the story in the novel. The rules, habits, or the principles that

arranged the human behavior in the relationship with each other, Staub

(11:1988). It means that in our society or our environment we get some the

rules or the norms that we must obey with the rules or the norms in our area.

Moral is determined by the rules and social conventions that are explicitly

or implicitly agreed upon by a group of people. These rules and customs

function to serve to the best interests of the group's majority, while

simultaneously providing a structure that maintains social order and limits

discord among group members.

According to Kohlberg (in Barger,2000) states that people

progressed in their moral reasoning such as ethical behavior through some

stages and then he classified into six stages of moral and classified into three

levels.

2.4.1 Pre-conventional Morality

. This level of moral thinking that found at the elementary school. In

this level the people behave based on the norms in the social surrounding.

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Because, they are told too do so by some the authority figure as likes as

parents or the teacher, Kohlberg (In Barger, 2000).

So, the children will accepted the norms which arranged in their

social surrounding and then the teacher or parents will give the

understanding about moral so that the children can accept the norms that

there in their environment such as obedience and punishment orientation,

Kohlberg (in Barger,2000). This stage is one of stages from five stages of

moral development.

A. Obedience and Punishment Orientation.

Obedience is compelled by the threat or application of punishment.

The second stage of this level is characterized by a view that right behavior

means acting in one's own best interests Kohlberg (In Barger, 2000).

This stages forces the children to be a well children or good person.

The obedience is forced through some punishment by the authority,

Kohlberg (in Barger, 2000). So, this stages show that the children will be

afraid with the rules that arranged in their surrounding, they will gets the

punishment. The children will assume that the power of their authority had

hand down and had been set the rules that must be done.

As likes as the quotation below:

Mama said,” we have told Professor Kay to keep you in

during recess and dinner as many days as he sees fit, until
you have learned your lesson. You must obey him the same
as you obey Papa and me.” Yes Mama,” Rose said.,The
silence on the ride home crashed in Rose’s cars. She wanted
to cry, but she didn’t dare. She hated causing Mama and
Papa to worry.(p.195)

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 Meanwhile, this stages concern on the authorities permit and punish.

This stage is pre-conventional level because, the children do not yet speak

as a member of society. Instead, they see morality as the external for

themselves. They must do the big people say.

B. Individualism and Exchange.

At this stage, the children recognize that there is not just one right

view that is handed down by the authorities. Different individuals have

different viewpoints. So, in this stage, the children think that not only the

right view which is handed by the authority. Sometimes, the children can be

exchanged they can be worse. Because, not only the right but also false too.

This is one of the influences of the environment where they are live.

According to Kohlberg (in Barger,2000) Individuals only focused on

one stage at a time. So, they could not jump the other stage. It’s mean that

they can’t move from the orientations of selfishness to the law and without

pass the good boy or good girl stage. They just follow the rules that had

been arranged by themselves. Thus, it was important to present them with

moral dilemmas for discussion which would help them to see the

reasonableness of a higher stage morality and encourage their development

in that direction. To develop the moral stages there is the way to discuss the

approach is morality approach.

This approach is the one way to promoted through the formal

education. Moral development occurs through social interaction. The

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discussion approach is based on the insight that individuals develop as a

result of cognitive conflicts at their current stage.

2.4.2. Conventional Morality

According to Kohlberg (in Leod, 2011) Conventional level is

characterized by an attitude which seeks to do what will gain the approval of

others. The second stage is one oriented to abiding by the law and

responding to the obligations of duty.

The Conventional Level is further subdivided into stage three and

stage four. Stage three is called the morality of interpersonal cooperation. At

stage three, moral decisions are made by anticipating how a moral decision

would be judged by other influential group members. Because youth at this

stage wish to be considered a good person and judged in a favorable light,

their moral decisions will be based on whether or not their decisions would

win the approval of those people whose opinions matter to them.

A. Good Interpersonal Relationships.

The children who are by now usually entering their teens. Morality

as more than simple deals. They believe that people should live up to the

expectations of the family and community and behave in good ways. Good

behavior means having good motives and interpersonal feelings such as

love, empathy, trust, and concern for others. Therefore, the moral which

develop in children’s life, Kohlberg (in Leod, 2011). It means that a child

14
has motivations to be better in family and also think about the close

relationship with others then care toward others.

As likes as quotation below:

Rose liked cat and mouse. The sound of other children

giggling and shouting, and the excitement of all that running
and shricking, cheered her up. When it was her turn to be
mouse, her legs rejoiced to be running and free soon she was
laughing as hard as anyone else.(p.179-180)

Based on the quotation above, Rose is loved with animals.

Therefore, we see that rose categorized on good interpersonal relationship

because she concern for other. This is one of the moral that develop in

children’s life.

B. Maintaining the Social Order.

Maintaining social order is one of stage where the children make

two person relationships with family or close friends, where one can make a

real effort to know the other's feelings and needs and try to help. Then, this

stage emphasized on obeying laws, respecting authority, and performing

one's duties so that the social order is maintained.

As likes as quotation below:

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 Rose and Mama spent the rest of the morning
cleaning up. They moved the chicken coop into the
barn. Then they pulled the treelimb off the garden
fence and put the rails back the place.(p.138)

Here, rose also diligent to help her mother as likes as the quotation

above. She always help her mother because her mother learned her to help

so that it was become habits for Rose herself. Rose is categorized on

maintaining social order. Because, at this stage the children try to make an

effort and this stage try to help others.

2.5 Morality Approach

Morality is defined in terms of upholding mutual relationships,

fulfilling role expectations, being viewed as a good person, showing

concern for others, and caring for others trust, loyalty, respect, and gratitude

are important moral values, Kohlberg (in Krebs&Denton, 1:2005). Its mean

that moral is habitual of human or phenomenon of human life, and resources

with all aspect life morality very important thing in influence side of life

human attitude. Therefore, morality approach very important in the novel

because main character many contained moral lesson her life. Many

children display aspects of both moral orientations, he concluded that the

orientations were better viewed as phases that, broadly speaking, without

follow one another.

However, the theory about young children tend to view morality in

terms of obedience because they think in concrete, physical, egocentric

ways and their social worlds are dominated by their knowledge they want

to know what happen in their surrounding and the power of adults. Older

16
children tend to view morality in terms of cooperation among equals

because they are cognitively able to comprehend the perspective of others

and understand concepts such as exchanged (Carpendale, 2000; Youniss &

Damon, 1992 in Krebs&Denton (2005).

With respect to relations between moral judgment and moral

behavior, each could influence the other, though it may be that what the

child thinks about morality has no summaries connection with what he does

and feels in his concrete experience. Therefore, many influences that

children gets from their environment they can feels in their activity in life

there is no limitation for them.

A model linking moral judgment to moral behavior that is based in

the assumption that the more mature one understanding of why a moral

choice is right, the greater the probability one will behave accordingly. In

their model, moral reasoning gives rise to demonic choices that, when

buttressed by follow-through judgments of responsibility and other internal

factors such as ego strength and courage, lead to moral behavior. First,

people figure out what is right. Next, they decide whether they are

responsible for implementing the moral course of action. Finally, if they

decide they are responsible, they attempt to muster the where with to carry it

out, Kohlberg and Candee (in Krebs&Denton, 1:2005).

17
 CHAPTER III
DISCUSSIONS AND FINDINGS

In this chapter, the researcher presents the character of main

character and moral lesson of main character.

3.1 The Description of Main Character Little Farm in the Ozarks

Rose is six years old who lived in the village. She and her parents
lived together, they are happy family. Her parents plant the obedience to her
child so that their child can be a child who obeys toward her parents. Rose’s
parents had educated their child to develop her character building. As like as
the quotation below where, Rose appreciate with the people who her knew.

She did not think she liked swiney very much, but
was a thief, he was dirty, and he hadn’t thanked
mama for his supper, but she was sorry he had no
mother or father to make sure he had food to cat.
And it was something new to have a stranger in the
house. their first winter in Missouri had been lonely,
Mama had kept Rose home from school until they
could get a little money ahead. There were taxes to
pay, and Rose needed new shoes. (p.17)

Rose did not like Swiney at first, but when she thinks that swiney did

not has parents she start to know how the Swiney protect himself. Swiney is

an orphan child in which did not know to come to the people’s house. Rose

intention to Swiney because to get some food she wants to rob. No body that

want to learned him because Swiney is orphan child. So that, Rose’s mother

learned him to become good person. Therefore, Rose is understood with

Mother’s said if we must help each other.

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 Rose’s restless thoughts were interrupted by Swiney
cry out in his sleep,“ Mumphster fluff” Rose was
curious about him, she wondered about his life, and
how he got such a funny name.(p.18)

Rose did not like Swiney at first, but when she thinks that swiney

did not has parents she start to know how the Swiney protect himself.

Swiney is an orphan child in which did not know to come to the people

house. Rose intention to Swiney because he gets a food he was willing to

steal. Rose's mother said to do a favors to the peer and Rose began

understood that was said by her mother.

While Rose help Mama hang the sheets to dry in a

sunny spot, she notice a strange noise coming from
the direction of Fry Creek, It sounded like a
multitude of tiny bells, or many people whistling.
(p.20)

Rose is diligent to help her mother, the quotation above explain that

Rose help her mother to clean the house and washing the clothes. Her

mother really helpful with her child. Although her child was nine years old

but she able to help her mother.

“ I hear it, “said Mama.” I wonder what it could be?

It’s too early for grasshoppers and crickets.” After
dinner, when she was done with laundry chores,
Rose walked down toward the creek to explore, The
whistling sound grew louder and louder. It seemed
to be coming from a marshy place near the creek.
But she couldn’t see what was making such a
racket, She walked toward the marshy spot, when
she got close to it, when the sound was at its loudest
all around.(p.20)

Rose always wants to know the event that happen in her

environment. She did not think how far she ways.

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 She walked a little way from the swamp and waited.
In a minute, it started again. “Peent. Peent.Peent.”But
no matter how hard, she tried to sneak up on frog,
they would not peep when she was close. So she
backed far away and just listened, It lightened her
soul to hear those frogs singing their hearts out, Rose
realized with astonishment that even though it was
still winter, this was a sound of spring, the very first
sound of spring .Rose was telling Mama about the
peeping frogs when Papa came riding home on may,
Behind him, riding together on a mule with notched
ears, were a young spring man Swiney (P.22)
Rose’s spirits fell, She picked at her supper and
answered when spoken to only as much as she must,
She wanted to do something to save the last little
bird, She prayed for for it to live, But hope was
melting away.(P.142)

Based on the quotation above that Rose was the child that always

curious although that she often always found the difficulty but for herself

that a challenge. Rose also liked to be friendly towards the animals like that

was told that he was very enthusiastic to know the frog voice that made him

curious. Her curious feeling was then paid already. The voice was the frog

voice and the voice made her very happy. Although must be cold because at

the time was the cold season.

In this morning, Rose could not stifle a tiny sob when

she looked inside the feed bag and saw the lifeless
little body huddled in the corner. “ I’m sorry,
Mama,” hugging her gently.” That is the nature of
wild creatures sometimes. Only a mother bird can
properly raise its young."(p.142)

Based on the quotation above show that Rose was the child that

always curious although that seldom had difficulty but for herself that from

the quotation above clear very much was said that Rose was the loving child

of the animal. Based on the quotation above, Rose wanted to rescue a bird

20
child who was hurt but, Rose could not rescue her because this birds child

could not last long.

Rose hated being stared at, and laughed at, Irene

strong smelled like a barnyard. She snorted and
sniffled.(P.169)

Nevertheless, Rose most did not like if being laughed at or was made

the show material. Although she liked to socialize and find it easy to get

friend . Moreover when she began at school. In her new school of Rose not

very often said because of the friend of her friend was trapped four. Now

Rose was trapped three. Moreover the friend's address of the friend of the

class of three not was as friendly previously. They too many laughed Rose

so as to make Rose not want the school and decide to study at home. But

Rose's mother did not want to see her child not the school.

Rose knew she should have been pleased with

teacher’s praise, but she didn’t care, She knew all of
her third reader, She had even read the fourth and
fifth reader as well, She had The Adventures of
Robinson Crusoe, and she often read The Chicago
Interocean, a newspapers Papa brought (P.172)

In her new school she gets the praise by her teacher. She know

every lessons which gives to her because she had learned with her mother

before. Meanwhile, although she had gets praised but she did not care about

it. Rose only wanted hers to move and meet her friends. From the quotation

above also was found that Rose read and almost all the book that was named

by her teacher already read.

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 Rose is cheerful child. She plays like most children generally.

Despite her was not too much close to the child's available child in her class

but when they played togetherness that too grew. Rose really enjoyed the

togetherness. Apparently from her face that was very bright because of the

game that was played by them.

When Rose finished her after-school chores, she

washed her hands and face and set the table. Finally
papa came in to wash up. It was wonderful to be
home, she told Mama and Papa that the town gilrs in
her reader were very pretty but they were rude. Her
seatmate was awful, she smelled bad, and her nose
ran all the time, She didn’t like professor Kay very
well , either.“he’s dirty and he’s the stupidest teacher
in the word,” Rose Complained.(P.186)

From the quotation above was pointed out that Rose was the child

who found it easy to interact with the person around her. However, Rose did

not like the rough person and that did not want to maintain the cleanliness.

The friend of the available friend was trapped by her really was different

from the friend of his friend that previously that more clear. Rose want to

showed how important is the cleanliness. Friend was trapped by her quite

pretty but dirty and speaking really bad. The researcher saw that despite

pretty but not pretty inside, all that was not meaning that. But, if pretty

inwardly and outwardly then so that was said pretty. Rose really revered

thought the value as well as the obedience of the cleanliness that in applied

to Rose.

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 “You are a very good students, Rose,”Professor Kay
said. “I don’t blame you much for being bored, By
rights, you ought to be in the fourth reader. Your
mother taught you well.”Thanks you,”Rose said trying
not speak with her mouth full. She munched on a
carrot that Mama had put in her lunch. Raw carrots
were Rose’s favorite vegetable”.(p.196)

From the quotation above was pointed out that Rose was the child
who found it easy to interact with the person around her. However, Rose did
not like the rough person and that did not want to maintain the cleanliness.
The friend of the available friend was trapped by her really was different
from the friend of her friend that previously that was cleaner. Rose want to
showed how important is the cleanliness. The friend was trapped by him
quite pretty.
Meanwhile, Rose’s teacher in the new her school most amazed to
see Rose that was very smart. Sir Kay said that Rose was the very good
child. When Rose's school hour carried out a mistake when time rested and
that used by her to go to Alva’s house and to meet Alva’s cat. When coming
back to the school. Rose's parents and Sir Kay has waiting for her Rose
knew that she was wrong. But Sir Kay knew that Rose in fact was bored
with the lesson that has he give because Rose has studied the lesson that was
given by Sir Kay. Nevertheless, Rose continued to get the punishment and
Rose then was prepared to follow sanctions that were given to her. Rose was
a child that the follower will order. The researcher believed that this was the
example for the child to parents

23
3.2 The Description of Morality

3.2.1.1 Obedience and Punishment Orientation.

Rose brought pails of fresh spring water and

helped Mama wash the greens, there times to be
sure they were good and clean. Mama parboiled
the greens in a pot. Then she drained off the water
and added them to the salt pork that was frying in
the skillet. (p.56)

Here we could see that Rose was very obedient to his parents. Each

day she helped her parents to cook. Usually, a child as likes as Rose's age

not think about cooked or helped her mother or thought about the method of

cooking. When the child was their nine years old only think about how they

played and joked with their friend but this was very different with Rose's

noose in this novel. Rose's mother applied the respect attitude as well as the

obedience.

Rose help Mama cut the potatoes into small

pieces, making sure each piece had at least two
eyes.(p.74)

Rose always helped her mother, although she was a child but she

can help the works at home. This is one of moral building development of

child into adult. So that, when they was adult, it can make the moral future

will be good character.

We cannot do more than pray. After that, we

must accept God’s judgment. Do you
understand?”
“I think so,” said Rose. “ But…why does God
bring babies to some people and not to us?”
“God brought you, Rose. That was the greatest
gift of all for Papa and me. To have you is
enough. If that is His will, No one can know why
God decides anything.(p.158)

24
 Rose’s mother gives advice that we can’t do anything without

pray because all thing comes from god. Rose want to have a friend beside

her but her mother cannot has a child again. For her mother, rose is the

greatest gift because only rose that they have. That’s why her parents teach

her to be good children so that will be good character future.

The first day school, Rose had get up early to

have time for her chores. First she gathered stove
wood from the woodpile and put it on the forch.
Then she carried buckets of water from the
spring for the horses and mules. She carried
warmed water from the reservoir in the stove for
the chickens. She fed the chickens their mash
and collected the eggs. Then she washed up and
set the table, As soon as breakfast was done , she
helped Mama wash the dishes.(p.159)

Every day Rose always helped her mother to do homework

although she has gone to school but she tried to get up earlier. Rose's

mother was very through in educating and taking care of her child because

Rose was the child one by one him that was hoped for by them.

Then Mama took out of the trunk her old copy

of McGuffey’s Third Eclectic Reader. Mama had
been a school teachers. While Rose was all the
way through the third Reader and she knew it
practically by heart.(p.160)

Before, Rose learns by her mother for a long time. Because, she

not school yet when she was moved to other village. So her mother teaches

her at home. Rose’s mother is really intention to the Rose’s moral

development because if we learned our children from a child so that she /or

he will become good people.

25
 “Why, Rose, it’s only the first day!” Mama said,
getting up to clear the dishes.” You mustn’t give
up to you. You will make some friends, and then
it will be more fun.” Rose frowned.” Don’t
pout,” Said Mama.” What must be done is best
done cheerfully.(p.188)

Her mother always give Rose spirits to not surrender. Because

Rose was the child one by one him for his parents. Parents Rose always

gave the spirit to Rose so as Rose could undergo pleasant childhood. In the

moral development, we obligatory invested thought the moral value against

the child because that will determine moral to the front. If a child has been

treated gently and fully the affection then he will become personal that knew

would the standard and the values of the current law.

Rose could think of nothing say. She stared at

the floor. “ I asked you a question,” Mama said.”
You weren’t in school all afternoon, and Teacher
dismissed class an hour ego, Papa and I have
been worried sick. Where have you been?” Rose
flinched.” I went to Alva’s “ Rose said meekly.”
I’m sorry, Mama. I only wanted to see the kitten.
I didn’t know it would be so long.” Mama said,
“To think, you could have been lying hurt
somewhere, and Papa and I with no idea where
to begin to look, I can’t imagine where you got it
into your head”.(p.195)

Rose made a mistake where he went to leave the class when time

rested. In fact Rose only want to playing played for a moment and evidently

he forgot if he was the school and immediately must come home. When

arriving in the school, evidently the school ended and Rose was then

concerned and frightened if his parents arrived in the school. Evidently his

assumption was true. Rose gets the lesson today because he made his two

parents worried.

26
 She’s here now, safe and sound. Just some
childish foolishness. But you mustn’t ever do
anything like that again, Rose.”
Yes,” Papa,” Rose said softly. Mama said,” we
have told Professor Kay to keep you in during
recess and dinner as many days as he sees fit,
until you have learned your lesson. You must
obey him the same as you obey Papa and me.”
Yes Mama,” Rose said.,The silence on the ride
home crashed in Rose’s cars. She wanted to cry,
but she didn’t dare. She hated causing Mama and
Papa to worry.(p.195)

Rose was the child who was obedient against the two parents.

Rose's parents wanted so that his child is obedient against his teacher also he

did not want his child to become the naughty child and to be hated by the

person of the available person around him.

3.2.2.1 Good Interpersonal Relationships

Rose showed Swiney the new barn that their

neighbors had helped Papa build one day in he
fall, They looked at the mares, Pet and May, in
their stalls. They were fat and sleek from having
so little work to do in the winter.(p.28)

Rose and his family really the meaning of their co-operation

invested to their child so that always helped each other to help so as the

person will easily then help us. In this case was very clear that Rose got

teaching that was good from his two parents. Because, parents really

played an important role in the moral development of the child. If the

child has been used to it with the goodness teaching then this child will

make himself accustomed to doing goodness.

27
 Swiney threw rocks at squirrels and the little
black-capped chickadees that flitted from
branch to branch singing, “day-day-day.” it
was wicked to hurt or kill anything that one
didn’t need. But Rose did not know Swiney
well enough to scold him. Swiney pulled out
a folding knife and began to sharpen it by
scraping it on a whetstone he pocket. He spit
on his arm and shaved off a tiny patch of the
fine, damp hair. (p.28)

Rose and Swiney went to the forest to go the road afterwards they

saw birds and the previous Swiney squirrel will arrest them but Rose did not

like the attitude Swiney because Rose did not really want this animal to be

killed. The researcher could see had the moral message that was sent

because Rose's attitude that did not like Swiney hurt the animal like birds

and the squirrel when they were in the forest. Generally, plenty of the child's

children who liked to hurt the animal but from Rose's attitude we could copy

Rose's attitude that has depicted moral.

Rose had never seen anything like it.

Swiney bounced way up in the air and then
down the other side of the tree, back and
forth. Fido raced around the tree, barking
excitedly. Rose shrieked with delight. “let
me try” she shouted. Swiney stopped
bouncing, but he held on to the branch.
“Come and grab on,” he said. Rose took it
and held on as tight as she could. She felt
the springiness in it. (p.32)

The first time Rose met Swiney he did not suppose will like

Swiney. Rose began felt liked swiney because Swiney the very funny

person and the ray adapted well. In the meantime, Rose including the child

that very cheerful person and was easy to be friends so as really was easy to

establish friendship by being good with who. The researcher saw that Rose

28
was the child who had the spirit social that was high. Here, the writer

showed the moral picture that was owned by Rose. Through the leading

important figure that was named Rose.

Rose still did not know if she liked Swiney. He was

rough, and she could not forget that he had tried to steal
from them, But they had fun playing together.(p.35)

Based on the quotation above, Rose had social that was high despite

him did not like Swiney but Swiney could make Rose's heart be crushed.

Rose then began felt had fun and playing together Swiney. However he did

not know whether he the ray received Swiney became his friend or not. In

the moral development of the child, the child was taught to do goodness as

well as cared would the available person around him especially the family as

well as the closest person that were loved by them. Rose proved really

important if we the ray interacted with the person round us. Rose's parents

taught in order to do a favour against the other person. Moreover this person

needed our help or the person that was in the difficulty. Rose's action that

initially did not like swiney became happy because of Rose was informed by

his mother so that the ray helps sesame till finally Rose could play with

Swiney.

Rose loved company. The little house rang

with the warm sounds of rattling plates and
lively voices. The everyday fire in the hearth
seemed festive, and the everyday food tasted
as good as Sunday’s.(p.37)

The quotation above stated Rose was very happy to be friends.

Although his house was small but his family stayed harmonious. Rose had

29
many friends including the person of the person who just was known. Their

cute house was felt very harmonious. Almost all the actions that in depicted

was the form of the moral development in the child. Because moral

someone was formed when they were still small that started from her/his

parents were afterwards invested in themselves so as they cared with other.

“Rose was sorry to see Abe and Swiney

leave, But it had been a wonderful, evening.
it left her eager to meet the next day, and all
the days that would follow. It was a feeling,
like the peeping frogs and the lengthening
days, of newness and change. Rose felt it
rushing through her veins. The rustle of
spring was everywhere, even in Abe’s voice.
(p.43)

The researcher saw that Rose was the child who really liked to be

friends with whoever was she knew. Swiney and Abe likes to tell

something so Rose wasn’t to pass the story from Abe. Swiney began to be

friends with Rose when Swiney will steal an egg in Rose's house yet her

family asked to dinner but when being asked, Swiney said that he did not

has parents again. Swiney only had Abe his older brother who went to the

morning and home at night.

30
 Then Mama showed Rose how to feed the
treambling chicks. She dipped a hollow
steam of straw in the corn mush to pick up a
little of it. She poked the stem in the mouth
of one the nestlings. The baby bird grabbed at
he food greedily and gulped. The others made
chattering noises and opened wide their
treambling mouths. Rose fed them all, again
and again. She made sure to give each bird
the same number of turns. After a long time
they began to settle down (p.138)

Rose is a child that really loved the animal. She did not want to see

a bird who was tortured. Rose give the birds ate who was sick. Rose's

mother care with Rose moral as building character of Rose.

She was a happy to see how well they were

doing, Rose felt like a great mother bird, She
would protect the babies and feed them until
they were strong enough to fly away on their
own.(p.141)

Rose felt very happy with the animal that she loved. Rose felt

proud love the small animal that needs help. She had the high social spirit

because Rose in educated to help each other. This is suitable with the theory

of Kohlberg where the children will have empathy, love and concerns with

others.

Rose caught tiny grasshoppers and ant. She

dug worms up in the garden. But the nestlings
did not know how to eat those things. The
grasshoppers and ants crawled out of their
mouths. The bird shook their heads to spit out
the worm. Rose tried everything she could
think of, bits of grass, oats, leftover beans,
(p.141)

Moreover, Rose also gave the animal some food. Rose felt as like

parents from the birds. She really cares about them as well as loved. It was

31
difficult to found a child like Rose's age who still was very small but he

understood how she treated the birds.

Rose and Mama spent the rest of the morning

cleaning up. They moved the chicken coop
into the barn. Then they pulled the tree limb
off the garden fence and put the rails back the
place.(p.138)

On the other hand, Rose also the child who liked to help her

parents. As the quotation above, Rose helped her mother to clean the house

in the morning. Rose got up early morning with her mother. She has been

used to be taught to get up the morning.

“Hello,” Rose said politely. “My name is

Rose wilder.” The little girls looked at Rose
blankly with weary eyes. “ I’m tired, “ she
said. Then she wiped her nose with the back of
her hand and laid her head down agains.
Rose’s heart began to sink. There was no sign
of paul or George. They were older, so they
would be upstairs in the fourth readers
(p.167)

Based on the quotation above, Rose had high social spirit. Rose was

the new child in the school because she moved from the old school. When

Rose's rest hour tried to look her friend that she asked to play. Rose tried to

herself with the new friends but the results is nothing. Rose did not yet get a

friend. Initially Rose felt Rose did not feel at home afterwards she tried

again and her friend began to close with her because Rose was clever child.

32
 Rose liked cat and mouse. The sound of other
children giggling and shouting, and the
excitement of all that running and shricking,
cheered her up. When it was her be mouse,
her legs rejoiced to be running and free soon
she was laughing as hard as anyone else.
(p.180)

Rose began to meet many friends when she began to be playing the

cat and the mouse. She and her friend playing happy. They began to be close

between one and that was other. Initially, Rose felt bored because all friend in

her school was not likes her friend in the old school. Even so, she starts to like

with the lesson that was taught by her teacher. Rose often has studied in the

house so not difficult to do.

She listened to the birds singing and watched

cloud shadows moving across the hillside. She
thought about Alva, and about Blackfoot. She
wondered if the little kitten had opened its eyes
yet. Rose wished she were a bird. She would fly
out the window, over Patterson’s Hill, up Fry
Creek, right to Alva’s barn, where she would sit
in the hay and play with her kitten.(p.190)

Rose thought if she was a bird where she could fly high on the cloud

so as he could fly free to come across the available cat in his friend's house,

Alva. Rose really loved the animal moreover birds and her cat were so very

happy. This showed that Rose like that cared about the available animal

around it.

Sometimes, a small child rarely very was met by us for the matter of

this kind. As our parents must educate moral the child to become personal

that was good. Because of the nation future was in how parents wanted to

educate this child from small until he grew mature. Because moral that came

from the good habit so as to the front will be better.

33
 CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusions

The following conclusion of the Analysis of the moral lesson of

main character as seen on little farm in the Ozarks by Roger Lea Macbride:
( morality approach ) .

This novel tell about a child who obey with her parents, namely

Rose . She is once by her parents. She is very care with her environment and

loved with animals. Rose often help her mother to do home work. This

family are very close they help each other. Sometimes, rose help her father

to plant but they like to do together because they wants to learn the meaning

moral with their child.

Rose is really obeyed toward her parents not only her but also her

teacher. Sir Kay which is punishing her on her parents permissions because

Rose make a mistake so that her parents asked her teacher to intentions to

build her character so that she do not review her mistake.

Based on the moral analysis, Rose categorized on obedience and

punishment stage, then good interpersonal relationship. Because, suitable in

character building of Rose where the moral is used to develop character

building. The conclusion is moral is comes from how the parents or the

teacher or the environment that the children lives. Because, the children will

imitate all happen in their environment.

34
 4.2 Suggestion

Based on the research description and analysis, the following

suggestion is needs for this research. There are some suggestions can be

gives in this research. Hopefully, give some critics to this analysis that

research by the researcher. Then can give the suggestion to this thesis

because the researcher knows this thesis has mistakes in writing. For the

Students of English Literature, who wants to gives suggestion for this

research especially in analyzing “The Little Farm In The Ozarks” novel. For

the next researcher, can find the additional source for approaching literary

work.

35
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Barger, 2000. A Summary of Lawrence Kohlberg's Stages of Moral

Development.http://www.sevencounties.org/poc/view_doc.php?
type=doc&id=41174&cn=1310 (Online, Accessed on 20th
May,2013)

Cetinkaya,Göksev.2003..Analysis of Moral Development of George Eliot’s

characters in Middlemarch According to Lawrence Kohlberg’s
Theory of Moralization. The Department of Foreign Language
Education. (Online, Accessed on 5th,May 2013)
Endraswara,Suwardi.2008. Metode Penelitian Psikologi Sastra: Teori,
Langkah dan Penerapannya. Yogyakarta.
Gribov ,Shulamit.2001. Philosophy of Education: John Dewey’s
Pragmatism and Moral Education. Simon Fraser University (Online,
Accessed on 5th, May 2013)
Hudson, William Henry.1913.An Introduction to the Study of Literature.

Klarer,Mario.2004. An introduction to literary studies (2nd ed).Routledge

Krebs&Denton,2005. Toward a More Pragmatic Approach to Morality: A

Critical Evaluation of Kohlberg’s Model. American Psychological
Association. Simon Fraser University (Online, Accessed on 23rd,May
2013)
Milne,Stephen.2008. Analysis of Fiction, Children’s Voices and the Moral
Imagination: A case study. University of Nottingham (Online, 23rd,
May 2013)
Purba,Antilan.2010. Sastra Indonesia Kontemporer. Yogyakarta

Rosyidi, Ikhwan.2010. Analisis Teks Sastra.

Shelton, M. Charles, 1988. Moralitas Kaum Muda. Yogyakarta: Graha

muda.

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Santosa, Wijaya Heru & Wahyuningtyas Sri. 2011. SASTRA:Teori dan
Implementasi. Surakarta: Yuma Pustaka.
Semi, Atar. 2012. Metode Penelitian Sastra. Bandung: Penerbit Angkasa
Bandung.

Leod,2011. Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development

http://www.simplypsychology.org/kohlberg.html (Online, 23rd May
2013)

37
 APPENDICES

SYNOPSIS OF THE LITTLE FARM IN THE OZARKS

This novel tell about a child yang bernama rose. rose adalah seorang

anak yang sangat patuh terhadap orang tuanya. Rose adalah anak satu –

satunya yang sangat berharga bagi mereka. rose dan keluarganya baru saja

pindah dan menetap di sebuah desa yang sangat ramah penduduknya.

Disana, mereka berladang sementara itu, mereka hidup sangat sederhana.

Rose sangat mengerti dengan keadaan orang tuanya. Sehingga ia pun belum

bersekolah namun ibu rose merupakan seorang pengajar dulunya. Sehingga

ia pun dapat mengajari rose.

Rose adalah anak yang sangat rajin dan sangat cerdas. Ia memiliki

banyak teman walaupun kehidupan mereka sangat harmonis akan tetapi

masih ada yang mengganjal di hati rose. ibu rose adalah seorang wanita

yang sangat sederhana, ia tidak suka hidup yang berlebih – lebihan seperti

membeli sesuatu yang mana dianggapnya tidak penting namun ayah rose

adalah lelaki yang sangat baik. Ia tidak ingin melihat istrinya terus menerus

memasak hanya dengan sebuah tungku yang sudah tidak layak lagi unutk

dipakai. Akan tetapi ibu rose tidak ingin sperti itu akhirnya mereka

berselisih paham sehingga rose tidak tahu harus berbuat apa.

Suatu ketika rose melihat ayahnya marah sehingga membuat hatinya

terluka. Ia tidak pernah melihat ayahnya semarah itu hanya karena hal yang

sangat kecil. Rose merasa sangat sedih melihat orang tuanya bertengkar.

Namun beberapa hari kemudian orang tuanya pun bisa menyelesaikan

semua masalah itu karena ketulusan hati ayah rose yang mau mengerti

38
dengan sikap istrinya. Rose merasa senang sekali melihat orangtuanya

kembali seperti dulu.

Orangtua rose mendidiknya untuk selalu tidak mengandalkan emosi

akan tetapi dengan hati yang dingin. Rose rajin membantu ibunya di rumah

mencuci piring, menyapu rumah termasuk membantu pergi ke ladang. Rose

juga sangat menyayangi binatang seperti kelinci, kucing dan burung. Ia

menyayangi binatang itu seperti sahabatnya sendiri. Rose juga memiliki

teman yang bernama Swiney yang dulunya pernah menyusup kerumahnya

untuk mencuri sebuah telur namun rose dan orangtuanya tidak ingin

memarahinya karena ia adalah seorang anak kecil yang tidak memiliki

orangtua lagi apalagi anak itu hanya memiliki kakak laki – laki yang setiap

harinya pergi pagi dan pulang malam hari sehingga tidak ada yang

mengajarinya.

Rose dan keluarganya menerima Swiney namun Rose masih cemas

dengan Swiney yang baru ia kenal. Namun beberapa hari kemudian,

mereka pun berteman dengan baik. Rose merasa senang dengan adanya

Swiney bermain dengan nya. Beberapa minggu kemudian Rose masuk

sekolah barunya. Hari pertama Rose tidak tahu harus berbuat apa setelah itu

ia pun mlai mencari teman disana. Namun, Teman – teman yang disana

tidak begitu ramah mereka terlalu tidak acu akan Rose. hari demi hari Rose

mulai merasa jenuh sehingga ia pun memutuskan untuk bermain kerumah

Alva. Alva adalah teman Rose namun ia sudah di kelas dua seharusnya Rose

sudah kelas tiga akan tetapi karena orangtua mereka pindah sehingga

sekolahnya harus terhenti namun ia tidak berkecil hati karena seluruh

39
pelajaran kelas dua dan ia sudah mahir dalam membaca. Gurunya, pak Kay

sangat kagum melihat Rose.

Akan tetapi suatu hari, Rose pergi keluar main dan ia pun pergi

kerumah Alva. Disana ia bermain dengan kucing dan kelinci yang sangat

lucu sehingga ia pun lupa dengan sekolahnya. Ia pun teringat dengan

sekolahnya. Sesampainya di sekolah, Rose mulai cemas karena orangtuanya

sudah menunggu di sana beserta pak Kay. Ibunya marah dan meminta pak

Kay agar Rose dihukum agar ia tidak mengulangi perbuatannya lagi.

Akhirnya, Rose sadar bahwa yang dilakukannya adalah salah karena

dapat meresahkan kedua orangtuanya. Sehingga ia pun bersedia untuk

dihukum yaitu menghapus papan tulis selam seminggu bagi orang tua Rose.

ia adalah hadiah yang sangat berharga sehingga mereka tidak ingin anak

mereka menjadi orang yang salah nantinya. Karena untuk menuju jenjang

kedewasaan karakter seorang anak harus dibentuk sejak dari kecil sehingga

anak tersebut tahu membedakan yang baik dan buruk.

40