SFRA en Rotores - LAPEM - AJAC - Presentación v1

F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
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• Introduction
• Rotor
• Rotor types
• Stresses in rotors
• Rotor tests
• SFRA (frequency response)
• Research
• Simulation software
• Simulated equipment failures in good condition
• Real cases of failure of rotors
• Conclusions
Dirección de Modernización
Laboratorio de Pruebas de Equipos y Materiales
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Temario
INTRODUCTION
• In order to have a test that detects the difference between

different fault processes, to carry out an adequate control of
the condition, the measurement of SFRA can be a valuable
tool to diagnose the state of the winding of electric rotors.
• This work presents the process of SFRA measurement in
rotors, the way in which the first results were validated, as
well as several fault cases that have been characterized with
the measurement of SFRA.
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• Currently worldwide there is no methodology, standard or

specification, which made the application of this test as a tool
for diagnosing electrical rotors.
• In this work the SFRA method was applied to determine rotor
problems Poor insulation and most importantly create an
evaluation criterion to identify specific problems in a rotor.
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Simulation of SFRA in rotor by software
R2 8.1G R6 8.1G R7 8.1G R8 8.1G
R1 1 C1 400n C2 400n C3 400n C4 400n
R3 1 L2 50u
R4 1 L3 50u
R5 1L4 50u
L1 50u
+
VG1
A +
AM1
-5
-10
-15
db
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz 1MHz Hz
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Ground Fault
Short circuit between turns

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TEST
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Test Method
0
0
-10
-5
-20 -10
-15
db
-30
db
-20
-40
-25
-50 -30
-35
-60
20 105
100Hz 554 1kHz 2913 10kHz 15309 80450
100kHz 422767 1MHz -40
Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz 1MHz Hz
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Study cases
Generator
Westinghouse
19.2 MW
900 RPM
13.8 kV 125Vexc
803 A 325 Aexc
During programmed
maintenance tests, 3
poles with short circuit
between turns are
detected.
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3 poles with
damage
between
coils
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Evidence of damage between turns
Evidence of thermal
Aging insulation Repair process
damage
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Study cases
Generator
Brown Boveri
344.5 MW
3600 RPM
20 kV 400 Vexc
9945 A 3250 Aexc
By ground protection
operation, the rotor is
evaluated in a bolt-on.
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0
Rotor smooth poles
Shift of the curve at low
-20 frequencies from 0db to -80db
-40
dB -60
-80
-100
-120
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000
Hz Pole int Pole ext
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Evidence of Ground fault of the winding
Damage zone Coil damaged Short circuit point
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Rotor after repair

0
-5
-10
-15
dB -20
-25
-30
-35
-40
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000
Pole int Hz Pole ext
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Study cases
Generator
Siemens-Schucktert
45MW
3600 RPM
13.8 kV 200 Vexc
1920 A 560 Aexc
At the moment of
driving the rotor at a
speed of 3600 rpm, the
field current is tripped.
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Rotor smooth poles

0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
dB
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000
Hz
Anillo Ext-2014 Anillo Ext-2012
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This problem arises after a change of retaining rings
Deformed Evidence of dirty

Burned insulation
conductors work
The cause of the change in SFRA curves a central
conductor, broken. Dirección de Modernización
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Study cases
Generator
Fuji Electric Co. LTD
90 MW
3600 RPM
13.8 kV 275 Vexc
3905 A 965 Aexc
As a result of
operation, from ground
fault relay.
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Rotor smooth poles
Shift of the curve at low

frequencies from 0db to -5db
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Ground fault of the winding
Contamination in
Rotor Brackets out of place
excitation ring zone
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Study cases
Generator
ASEA
225 MW
128 RPM
15 kV 500 Vexc
8660 A 1400 Aexc
High vibration in the

rotor.
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Rotor smooth poles
PD PD
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Study cases
Generator
Ansaldo
170 MW
3600 RPM
15 kV 292 Vexc
6843 A 1401Aexc
Opens the excitation

circuit, can be seen
from 3500rpm.
PD PD
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Rotor smooth poles
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Rupture at two points of the winding conductor
Evidence of
Broken conductor Repair process
corrosion
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Study cases
Generator
Tecnomasio
2120 MW
3600 RPM
14.4 kV 260 Vexc
86 kA 365 Aexc
During programmed
between turns are
detected.
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Rotor smooth poles
PD PD
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In 2008 the rotor is repaired by a fault, in 2014 rotor problems

are detected and the retaining rings are changed.
Old and deteriorated

Extraction of retaining rings insulation, deformed Repair process
electrical conductor.
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Study cases
Generator
Indar
1.54 MW
1440 RPM
12 kV 1789 Vexc
67 A 570 Aexc
During programmed
between turns are
detected.
PD PD
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Rotor smooth poles

10
-10
-20
dB
-30
-40
-50
-60
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000
Hz
dev3 dev2 dev1
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Rotor winding
connection Dirección de Modernización
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Conclusions
• The test has repeatability

• No differences were detected by the position in which the
rotor is tested.
• The fault patterns are characteristic, so easy to identify.
• No influence of magnetism on the rotor has been identified.
• The test must be performed by measuring both poles.
•
The SFRA does not change if the rotor is outside or inside the
stator.
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• The quality and importance of the results obtained from this

research are summarized in practical and effective evaluation
criteria, which represent a very important test engineers in
recognizing and diagnosing problems in electrical rotors tool.
This way you can prevent further damage to the facilities of
the power plants. These criteria are set as follows:

SFRA en Rotores - LAPEM - AJAC - Presentación v1

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SFRA en Rotores - LAPEM - AJAC - Presentación v1

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F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge

• In order to have a test that detects the difference between

• Currently worldwide there is no methodology, standard or

Simulation of SFRA in rotor by software

R2 8.1G R6 8.1G R7 8.1G R8 8.1G

R1 1 C1 400n C2 400n C3 400n C4 400n

Short circuit between turns

Evidence of damage between turns

Evidence of Ground fault of the winding

Damage zone Coil damaged Short circuit point

Rotor after repair

Rotor smooth poles

Anillo Ext-2014 Anillo Ext-2012

This problem arises after a change of retaining rings

Deformed Evidence of dirty

Rotor smooth poles

Shift of the curve at low

Ground fault of the winding

High vibration in the

Rotor smooth poles

Opens the excitation

Rotor smooth poles

Rupture at two points of the winding conductor

Rotor smooth poles

In 2008 the rotor is repaired by a fault, in 2014 rotor problems

Old and deteriorated

Rotor smooth poles

dev3 dev2 dev1

• The test has repeatability

• The quality and importance of the results obtained from this

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