Ca3 - Therapeutic Modalities

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

2nd Semester AY 2021-2022
CEP 6: CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION 10%
MODULE III. THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
Therapeutic Community Modality

A self-help social learning treatment model used by clients with problems of drug abuse and other
behavioral problems such as alcoholism, stealing, and other anti-social tendencies.
There are 5 distinct categories of activity that help promote the change:
Relational/Behavior Management
Goals for Client/PDL rehabilitation:
1. Integrated into the community
2. Upright, law-abiding, productive,
3. Maintains family solidarity
4. Take concrete steps to repair the damage done to the victim, family & community.
Affective/Emotional/Psychological
1. Self-respecting
2. Responsible
3. Respectable
4. Personally effective.
Cognitive/Intellectual
1. Functionally literate
2. Can read, write, compute, analyze and discern
3. Use other thought processes,
4. Apply what he has learned.
Spiritual
1. Integral person
2. Practices truthfulness, openness, righteousness.
3. Quality of being complete, unimpaired; of sound moral principle.
4. Value system in harmony with the Divine Law.
Psychomotor/Vocational-Survival Skills
1. Demonstrates self-sufficiency
2. Right income,
3. Right employment,
4. Right living.
Therapeutic Community Modality provides a well-defined structure for a synchronized and focused
implementation of the various intervention strategies/activities for institutional and community-based
corrections.
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ORIGIN:
A. QUMRAN COMMUNITY (200 BC-50 AD)
Located on a barren terrace between the limestone cliffs of the Judean desert and the maritime bed
along the Dead Sea.( East of Jerusalem )
B. THE COMMUNITY RULE SCROLL
Originally known as The Manual of Discipline, the Community Rule contains a set of regulations
ordering the life of the members of the "yahad," the group within the Judean Desert sect who chose
to live communally and whose members accepted strict rules of conduct.
This fragment cites the admonitions and punishments to be imposed on violators of the rules, the
method of joining the group, the relations between the members, their way of life, and their beliefs.
The sect divided humanity between the righteous and the wicked and asserted that human nature
and everything that happens in the world are irrevocably predestined. The scroll ends with songs of
praise to God.
● Living in the Desert
● Practice Celibacy
● Communal Prayer
● Collective Economy
● Ritual Immersion
● Purity
● Communal Meals
C. OXFORD MOVEMENT (1909)
The primary objective of the movement was to bring spiritual renewal to the Church of England by
reviving certain Roman Catholic doctrines and rituals that Anglicans had dropped during the
struggles of the Protestant Reformation.
The Oxford Movement resulted in the establishment of Anglican religious orders, both of men and
of women. It incorporated ideas and practices related to the practice of liturgy and ceremony to
incorporate more powerful emotional symbolism in the church.
● Sharing / Confession , Restitution
● Guidance, Changing, Role modeling
● Absolute values: honesty, purity, unselfishness, love
D. ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS (1935)
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is one of the most renowned organizations that exist to help individuals
recover from alcoholism.
● Alcoholics Anonymous was created in 1935 by recovering alcoholic Bill Wilson. Wilson had been
failing at his Wall Street career because his drinking was so out of hand that he was admitted into
the hospital a number of times. Friends tried to help Bill, including his childhood drinking buddy,
Ebby Thacher. Ebby had found sobriety through the Christian movement, called the Oxford Group,
and he firmly believed it changed his life.
● Alcoholics Anonymous was a very faith based organization in its beginning. It called for its
members to surrender absolutely to God, to devote themselves daily to prayer or meditation, and
to join with other recovering alcoholics in a religious and support group.
● There were five elements to the original AA program. These included total abstinence from
alcohol, acknowledgement of Jesus as their Savior, obedience to God’s will, growth in fellowship
with God, and help for other alcoholics. Meetings were very spiritual and those that joined AA
often talked of the healing power of God.
● Fellowship
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● Public discussion
● Self-examination
● Acknowledge character defects
● Restitution
● Work with others
D. SYNANON (1958)
● Originally established as a drug rehabilitation program, it was founded by Charles E. "Chuck"
Dederich Sr., (1913–1997) in 1958 in Santa Monica, California, United States.
● Entrance into the Synanon community required a strong initial commitment. Upon their arrival,
those newcomers were forced to quit using drugs, cold turkey, going through withdrawal for the
first few days in the program. Furthermore, for their first ninety days in the community, members
were expected to cease contact with outside friends and family.
● One of the most distinguishing practices of the Synanon community was a therapeutic practice
commonly referred to as "The Game." The game was a session during which one member would
talk about themselves and then endure intense criticism by their peers.
● During this practice, members were encouraged to be critical of everything, using harsh and
profane language.The practice has been characterized as a form of attack therapy. Outside of The
Game, members were required to act civilly to each other. While in The Game, members criticized
each other, but left as friends and supportive community members.The Game served not only as
Synanon’s most prominent form of therapy and personal change, but also worked as a way for
leaders to collect the opinions of community members.
● Substitute family, Reward systems
● Religious zeal,
● Specific techniques: Game, Haircut, Morning Meeting, etc.
E. DAYTOP 1960’s
● Daytop, or Daytop Village, is a drug addiction treatment organization with facilities in New York
City. It was founded in 1963 at Tottenville, Staten Island by Daniel Harold Casriel along with
Monsignor William B. O'Brien, a Roman Catholic priest and founder and president of the World
Federation of Therapeutic Communities.
● According to Dr. Casriel its name was originally an acronym for 'Drug Addicts Yield to Probation'
as Daytop was originally a kind of "halfway house" for convicted addicts. Another account gives
the name to be an acronym for "Drug Addicts Yield to Persuasion". A third account gives the name
to be an acronym for "Drug Addicts Yield to Others Persuasion”.
● The Daytop program, one of the oldest drug-treatment programs in the United States, is based
on the therapeutic community model and emphasizes the role of peer interaction in their modes
of treatment. Considered one of the most successful programs of its kind, it is described as "a
supportive emotional community in which people feel secure but at the same time are held
strictly accountable for their behavior". It is estimated that 85 percent of those treated stay clean.
● In late 2015, Daytop Village merged with Samaritan Village, another 50+ year old health and
human services nonprofit organization with a specialty in drug and alcohol treatment. The newly
merged organization changed its name to Samaritan Daytop Village.
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DOJ-PPA TC (THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY) 1998-PRESENT
● The Therapeutic Community (TC) is an environment that helps people get help while helping others. It
is a treatment environment: the interactions of its members are designed to be therapeutic within the
context of the norms that require for each to play the dual role of Client-Therapist. At a given moment,
one may be in a client role when receiving help or support from others because of a problem behavior or
when experiencing distress. At another time, the same person assumes a therapist role when assisting or
supporting another person in trouble.
● Therapeutic Community is a tool that the Administration uses to prepare the client for reintegration to
the community as a reformed, rehabilitated, productive, drug-free and law abiding person.
WHAT IS A THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY?
The term Therapeutic Community or TC for short, refers to a drug treatment approach that uses
the community and its group dynamics for therapeutic purposes.
Unlike the traditional medical-mental health model that emphasizes the therapeutic role of the
professional as primarily in treatment, the TC is largely a self-help model that emphasizes the therapeutic
role of peer interactions in helping shape behavior, address psychological problems, challenge and
modify faulty cognition, and acquire effective social and coping skills.
The term TC is often associated with the Synanon Movement in the late ‘s and ‘s in California.
Another common reference point is the efforts of the English psychiatrist Maxwell Jones and his
innovative approach to managing institutionalized psychiatric patients.
Synanon, as the forerunner of the modern-day TC for drug addicts developed most of the basic
techniques of the TC. The early Synanon leaders understood the power of group dynamics to shape
behavior and enforce community norms. To this day, the source of primary healing power of the TC lies
not on a single individual but on the compelling power of the group, the community.
Drug use is the symptom of underlying problems that the drug addicted person must learn to
cope with. The goal of treatment is not only to help the addict get off drugs but rather to help him
develop a lifestyle that supports a sober life as well.
TC developed a treatment approach that fosters the practice of self-help among members who
are called “residents”. The interaction of its members is designed to be therapeutic within the context of
the norms that require for each to play a dual role of client-therapist.
What makes a TC a TC is the combined effect of the setting, the people, the rules and norms that
govern the interaction of the members, and the shared belief system. The total effect of all these
elements is what is appropriately termed as the “TC Environment”. It is also referred to as the “learning
environment”.
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TWO TYPES OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIES
1. Democratic Therapeutic Community

2. Concept-based Therapeutic Community
Democratic Therapeutic Community

DTC was started in the mid-1940’s by a group of British Army medical officers to treat soldiers
who had developed neurosis, known as “shell-shock syndrome”, during the Second World War. At that
time, the development of the TC model was considered a revolution in social psychiatry and was largely
a psychiatric, hospital-based treatment. Maxwell Jones, an English Psychiatrist and one the early
practitioners of the TC model.
The treatment later became known as the Maxwell Jones Model. This psychiatric model was
largely to treat patients with mental illness.
Concept-based Therapeutic Community

The American model of the TC was started by Charles E Dederich along with a group of
alcoholics and heroin addicts who banded together to give up their addiction. Together they started
Synanon.
Dederich began holding weekly meetings modeled after the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) in his
own place. He employed a style of group therapy that was highly confrontational. The intense group
process demanded members to be absolutely honest regarding their substance abuse and addictive
behavioral patterns.
By practicing honesty in these groups away from distractions of outside influences, members were
able to abstain from substance abuse for an extended period of time which they had previously been
unable to achieve. Noting the success of the group, Dederich began to rent a place in Santa Monica,
California where members could live together; thus the therapeutic community was born.
The small community grew and eventually became known as Synanon, and the TC model that
developed there was known as the Concept-based TC or the Hierarchical TC.
The psychiatric-based democratic TC of the UK predated the concept-based TC by almost two
decades and they developed independently, however both share a fundamental philosophy of
“Community as Healer”. Throughout the years, both models have been adopted and adapted to treat
different types of client populations.
THE THERAPEUTIC TOOLS OF THE CONCEPT-BASED TC

1. The GAME or synanon- the prototype of the Encounter Group used in subsequent TCs.
2. Seminar- a daily gathering in the community used as a forum for intellectual discussions and
exchange of ideas on a chosen subject.
3. Verbal Haircut- a form of reprimand delivered by peers and staff to an offending resident.
4. Learning Experience - a task performed as restitution designed to teach a “lesson” to an
offending resident for serious misbehavior.
5. The Fire Place Scene- employed to address violations of the TC’s Cardinal Rules, particularly
substance use; this latter became known as the General Meeting.
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6. Indoctrination or Initial Interview- a ritual for admitting a prospective resident which is

conducted by a panel of peers and staff to explore treatment motivation.
7. The Hierarchical Structure- the social organization of a TC.
8. The Concepts or Philosophies- embody the philosophies and values of the TC’s, i.e “no free
lunch,” act as if,'' ``pride in quality.” etc…
9. Walking Around Money (WAM)- a small amount of money that residents are allowed to carry in the
community; this is a privilege that must be earned.
10. Cop-out- when a resident voluntarily confess to breaking a community rule, such as “taking a
drink”, “bringing in contraband” etc..; this later became known as the Guilt Session.
11. Morning Meeting- a daily ritual of community gathering to review community issues, build
community spirit, and chart out the Course of the day.
12. The Trip- an extended form of group therapy and the precursor to the Marathon Group which is a
continuous group process that lasts for at least 36 to 76 hours.
13. Role-Model- the concept of senior community residents’ behavior, attitude, and thinking; used to
raise awareness regarding the resident’s by example.
14. Confrontation- an incisive inquiry into a resident’s behavior, attitude, and thinking; used to raise
awareness regarding the resident’s unconscious motivation and demands personal accountability for a
behavior or attitude.
15. The Concept of Family- used to describe the social affiliation within the community and the
social organization of the TC.
16. Structure- used to describe the daily schedule as well as the social hierarchy of the community .
17. Job Functions- set of tasks organized by work departments.
18. Stages of Growth- the precursor to the Treatment Phases that residents go through starting
from Orientation and Culminating in Reentry and Aftercare.
19. Saturday Night Meeting or Open House- a weekly social gathering where TC supporters who are
not residents are invited to mingle with the TC members.
20. Big Brother or Big Sister- a new resident’s mentor who helps him/her adjust to the TC.
21. Status Probe- a term used for when a resident seeks and accounts for a job position in the
community.
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MODALITIES IN THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Like many countries, the correctional system in the Philippines has both an institution-based and
a community-based component. It also has separate treatment systems for youth offenders and adult
offenders.
The custodial care of adult offenders is handled by the following:
1. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)

● under the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
● Which has supervision over all district, city and municipal jails and detention centers. ● These jails
house detainees awaiting judicial disposition of their case and convicted offenders whose sentences
range from one (1) day to three (3) years.
2. The Provincial Jails

● under the Provincial Local Government Unit (PLGU/LGU)
● Which have supervision and control over provincial jails nationwide.
● These jails house detainees and convicted offenders whose prison terms range from six (6)
months and one (1) day to three (3) years.
3. The Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR)

● under the Department of Justice (DOJ)
● which has the control over the national penitentiaries.
● houses convicted offenders with prison term ranging from three (3) years and one (1) day to life
imprisonment and reclusion perpetua.
Youth offenders in the Philippines are treated differently. A youth offender is defined as a child over nine
(9) years but below twenty-one (21) years of age at the time of the commission of a crime or offense -(PD
603 The Child and Youth Welfare Code)
Those within the age of 15 to 18 years old may be detained in youth centers and go through
rehabilitation programs while those under 15 years old are exempted from criminal liability but must
undergo intervention. (RA 9344- Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006.)
Under the country’s law, youth offenders are entitled to a suspended sentence. Instead of serving their
sentence, they are rehabilitated in regional youth rehabilitation centers which are managed and
supervised by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).
There are ten (10) rehabilitation centers for youth offenders, one of which is a National Training School
for Boys and the other, a National Training School for Girls. Their stay in the center can be shorter than
their sentence term, depending on how they respond to the rehabilitation process therein. The
non-institutional treatment of adult offenders is managed primarily by the Department of Justice (DOJ)
through its Parole and Probation Administration and the Board of Pardons and Parole.
Probation for adult offenders is available to those whose penalty of imprisonment does not exceed six (6)
years. It is considered as a matter of privilege and not a right. Hence, the adult offender has to apply for
probation before the court upon conviction. This is also true for the parole system.
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On the other hand, community-based rehabilitation services for the youth are administered by the
DSWD through its regional field offices nationwide, in coordination with the local government’s social
welfare and development offices. After-care and follow-up services are likewise carried out for youth
offenders by the DSWD.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PHASES OF TREATMENT
Phase I- Entry/Orientation Phase
Once an inmate is committed to jail/prison, he undergoes a series of examinations to determine

his physical, social and psychological status. Upon his commitment, a resident is placed on orientation at
the Reception and Diagnostic room/Orientation room. In here, he is acquainted with the TC program:
● The rules and norms of the community

● TC concepts, written and unwritten philosophy
● The staff and the members of the community
● The tools of the house
● Job functions and TC hierarchy
He is then assigned a static group and a big brother who will provide him with support and will walk him
through the orientation phase.
At this phase, the resident is handled gently and is expected to commit mistakes in the process of
learning the program. Sanctions on negative behavior are usually light with emphasis on teaching.
Phase II- Primary Treatment/ Core Treatment Phase
After proper orientation, the resident is now ready to undergo the proper treatment. He becomes a part
of the community starting as a crew member of the Housekeeping department until he gradually
ascends in the hierarchy. He must be knowledgeable on the following:
● Proper use on the different tools to address personal issues and concerns and shape behavior ●
Managing own feelings and learning how to express self appropriately
● Learning how to follow the rules and norms of the community
● Maximize participation in activities that are appropriate to the residents need for growth ● Learning
how to trust the environment by disclosing self to the community and develop insight I n the process
● Developing positive coping skills to deal with difficult life situations
● Enhancing educational and vocational skills to make him productive
● Improve social skills and recognize the importance of other people’s help in shaping behavior
Phase III- Pre Re-entry
Under regular circumstances, the resident is expected at this stage to have internalized the TC values
and concept to start life afresh. However, in the jail setting where entry and release are not within the
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jail control, residents may not have reached this phase of treatment before they even leave the jail
facility.
Regardless of the resident’s length of stay, he is expected to undergo this phase prior to release into
society. At this phase, the resident is expected to have proven his ability to Take on more responsibility
hence needs lesser supervision. He is considered a role model in the TC community. He should focus on
the following learning:
● Rebuilding of social and family ties

● Going up the ladder of hierarchy by showing leadership
● Realization of his full potential to be a productive member of society
● Mapping out plans
Phase IV- Re-entry
In the ideal setting, a resident at this stage is now ready to be released back to society as he has
demonstrated adequate self-control and discipline. The inmate is now preparing for his life outside of
jail and is focused on making himself a productive citizen. He may start planning for job hunting and
rebuilding family ties and relationships.
In the jail setting, the residents will stay inside the jail until their cases are resolved or they have
been convicted and need to be remanded to the Bureau of Corrections.
The resident must focus on the following:
● Transition to life outside of jail

● Creating a new lifestyle applying the tools and concept of TC
● Learning positive coping skills to deal with day to day situations
● Re-establishing and strengthening family ties and support group
● Reintegration in the mainstream of society
● Developing realistic and attainable goals in life
Phase IV- Aftercare
Aftercare is an outpatient program that requires clients to report twice a week to an outreach center.
They are required to attend group sessions to ensure their adjustment to life outside jail to reduce
recidivism.
For clients released from jails, they are referred to the Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) and
Local Government Unit (LGU) for follow up and aftercare.
The clients are focused on the following:
● Maintaining positive behavior and prevent recidivism

● Strengthening coping mechanism
● Maintaining relationships and support mechanism
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● Sustaining interest in job or vocation to maintain livelihood

● Integration into society
WHAT IS THE TC MISSION?
To promote human and social transformation among our clients and among ourselves.
WHAT IS THE TC VISION?
By the end of this decade, TC shall have become the corporate culture of the Parole and Probation
Administration permeating its plans, programs, and practices, and confirming its status as a model
component of the Philippine Correctional System.
TC CARDINAL RULES
● No Drugs
● No Violence or Threat of Violence
● No Sex or Sexual Acting-out Behavior
● No Stealing
TC Philosophy TC PHILOSOPHY(Tagalog)
I am here Ako’y naririto sapagkat hindi ko na
because there is no refuge, finally, from matakasan ang aking sarili.
myself. Until I confront myself Hangang hindi ako nagiging matapat sa
in the eyes and hearts of others. pagpuna sa aking sarili,
I am running sa mata at puso ng iba, ako’y tumatakbo.
Until I suffer them to share my secrets. Hanggang hindi ko inilalahad ang labi ng
I have no safety from them. aking mga lihim,
Afraid to be known. ako’y walang kapayapaan.
I can know neither myself nor any Sa malaking takot na sarili’y mabunyag,
other; I will be alone. hindi ko mauunawaan ang aking sarili at
Where else but in our common pagkatao ng iba,
ground, Can I find such a mirror? sa dilim mananatiling nag-iisa.
Here, together, Saan pa kundi sa piling ng katulad ko makikita
I can at last appear clearly to myself ang tunay na salamin.
not as the giant of my dreams, Sama-sama dito sa wakas.
nor the dwarf of my fears, Matatanggap ko ang tunay at sariling
but as a person, part of the whole, pagkatao. Di’ ang baliw ng aking pangarap o
with my share in its purpose. ang alipin ng aking takot.
In this ground, I can take root and Sa halip bilang isang tao sakop ng
grow, not alone anymore, as in sanlibutan at may bahagi sa layuning ito.
death, Sa Lupang ito ako ay makapag-uugat at
but alive- to myself and to others. susupling. Di’ na ako muling mag-iisa tulad sa
kamatayan.
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Sa halip may alab ang aking buhay, sa sarili
at kapwa.
TC Unwritten Philosophies
1. Honesty
2. Responsible love and concern
3. To be aware is to be alive
4. Trust in your environment
5. Be careful what you ask for, you might get it
6. No free lunch
7. You can’t keep it unless you give it away
8. What goes around comes around
9. Act as if
10. Understand rather than be understood
11. Personal growth before vested status
12. Compensation is valid
13. Forgiveness
14. Humility
15. You alone can do it, but you can’t do it alone
16. Pride in quality
17. Feelings don’t think
18. Guilt kills
19. Hang tough
20. You are your brother’s keeper
Hierarchy of Behavior Shaping Tool
● Expulsion/ Banishment
● General Meeting
● Learning Experience
● Haircut
● Dealt With
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● Pull-Up/ Speak To
● Talk To
Behavior Shaping Tools Essential Elements
● Active Participation
● Membership Feedback
● Role Modeling
● Collective Formats for Guiding Individual Change
● Shared Norms and Values
● Structure and Systems
● Open Communication
● Individual and Group Relationships
● Unique Terminology
STANDARD PARAMETERS FOR JAIL/PRISON TCMP
a. Physical Environment
● The internal and external environment is uncomfortable, clean and welcoming. ● TC
Philosophy and unwritten philosophies are visibly posted around facility. ● Hierarchical
structure and daily activities are displayed.
● There is adequate space to hold activities and rooms for specific meetings that require privacy. ● A
clean and well maintained kitchen that complies with the standards. ● Provisions of recreation areas
both indoors and outdoors.
● The dining area is equipped with enough tables and chairs to accommodate the inmates. ●
Adequate sanitary toilets and bathrooms that provide privacy to users. ● Adequate space for
sleeping and habitation that respects the individual’s personal space.
b. TCMP Staff
● The staff has undergone proper training on TCMP.
● Presence of a permanent staff to supervise the program and conduct various activities
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● The staff will not be transferred to other jails until properly covered by another TC trained staff. ●
There is proper shift turn-over of TC trained staff on a daily basis.
● Regular meetings are held by staff to discuss progress, issues and concerns about the program. ●
The staff serves as role models and treats inmates with respect and dignity. ● Incentives are given to
TCMP staff in terms of awards and commendations.
c. The Therapeutic Environment- The Inmates/ Residents
● The residents treat each other with respect at all times regardless of age, religion, cultural
diversity, etc.
● The residents practice a culture of honesty and openness in discussing thoughts and feelings,
providing and receiving feedback.
● Confidentiality is respected and practiced.
● The residents are involved in decision making and planning in TCMP activities.
● The residents comply with the cardinal and house rules and serve as watchdogs for their pees with
the aim of correcting erring members.
● Absence or minimal incidence of jail/prison violence/ disturbance.
● The residents respect the hierarchy and chain of command.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PROGRAM BY THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
The TC program represents an effective, highly structured environment with defined boundaries,
both moral and ethical. The primary goal is to foster personal growth. This is accomplished by re-shaping
an individual’s behavior and attitudes through the inmates community working together to help
themselves and each other, restoring self-confidence, and preparing them for their reintegration into
their families and friends as productive members of the community.
Patterned after Daytop TC, New York which is the base of the Therapeutic Community movement
in the world, the BuCor TC program was adopted as part of the Bureau’s holistic approach towards
inmate rehabilitation. It is implemented primarily but not limited to drug dependents.
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The TC approach has been continuously proven worldwide as an effective treatment and
rehabilitation modality among drug dependents, and have been noted to be effective in many prisons.
By immersing a drug offender in the TC environment, he learns why he had developed his destructive
habits, which led him to substance abuse. The program modifies negative behavior and or attitudes while
restoring self-confidence, and prepares inmates for their reintegration into their families and friends as
productive members of the community. This behavioral modification program gradually re-shapes or re
structures the inmate within a family-like environment, wherein every member acts as his brother’s
keeper.
The efforts of the Bureau of Corrections to rehabilitate Drug dependents under its care using the
TC approach is in line with its commitment to create a Drug-Free Prison. Worldwide developments in the
treatment and rehabilitation of drug offenders using this therapeutic community approach have been
noted to be effective in many prisons.
HIERARCHY OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

Behavior Shaping Tools (BST) is employed to strengthen the learning process and the practice of
more adaptive behaviors within the social learning environment. The major tools, such as the Talk to, Pull
-Up, Dealt With, Haircut, Learning Experience, General Meeting and Expulsion were developed as a
means to correct behaviors of the residents that violated the TC norms. The Hierarchy of Behavior
Shaping Tools will serve as a guide to determine which of the tools are appropriate to be used based on
the severity of the infraction or violations committed by the residents against the TC rules.
Talk To
A talk to is an outright correction done by any member of the TC community to another member
who has done a minor infraction but is not aware of it. It is a friendly reminder/ advice about
unacceptable behavior and must be done privately. During the Talk To, the resident is made aware of
his/her negative behavior and the results it may have on others and the environment.
This is to evoke awareness on the part of the violators to avoid committing the same mistake and be
given heavier sanctions if done in the future.
Pull-Up
A Pull-up is done as a result of lack, missed or lapses in awareness in a resident. All the members
of the community are responsible to pull-up minor infractions done by peers. It encourages honesty,
demeanor awareness and owning up to one’s mistakes. This is done when the violator is unknown and
must be validated first prior to bringing up in the Morning Meeting.
Pull-ups create a certain degree of dissonance on the guilty party whereby there is a strong
internal conflict whether to practice honesty, or continue to live in a lie. When the resident is able to
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overcome the impulse to lie and start practicing honesty, his commitment to live by the TC standards
increases.
The resident receiving pull-up is expected to listen without saying a word, assume that it is valid, quickly
display the corrected behavior and express gratitude in receiving it. After one member did the pull-up,
other residents who want to show concern can make elaborations to give emphasis to the infractions
that need to be relayed to the violator. Two to three elaborations are ideal.
Focus should be given to the behavior and not the person. It is meant to raise awareness and not
to punish or embarrass the violator. Personal attacks, shaming, or the use of racist language are strictly
forbidden during pull-ups. It should be emphasized that pull-ups are done out of responsible love and
concern to avoid creating negative feelings during the process.
In a situation wherein no one stood and owned up to a negative behavior raised in the pull-up,
the resident doing the pull-up will narrow down the pull-up to make it clear and specific, stating the place
and time of the occurrence. In the event that nobody still stood to own it up, the resident doing the pull
up will instead ask the community to stand and there will deliver his pull-up addressing the entire family
believing that the violator is the responsibility of the whole community.
Dealt With
Dealt With is done when negative behaviors or infections to the House Rules/ Norms are done
for the second time of the same offense by a resident.
A panel of three (3) composed of a senior resident, peer and friend are tasked to deliver a
serious and stern reprimand to the subject resident.
Although the tool does not strictly require the presence of a staff, to attain its purpose, the staff
should monitor its conduct to ensure that the panel assigned to the task really acted appropriately. It is
done privately in a room or an area with no one else hearing the conversation.
Haircut
Haircut is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the House Rules/ Norms in the same
offense are done for the third time or more or for first time grave offenses. It is a carefully planned and
structured verbal reprimand given by a staff with four other residents- Senior Resident, Peer, Big Brother
and Department Head. The tone is more serious and can be loud, more harsh and exaggerated.
This is done to induce anxiety and eventually change the person’s behavior. Before the group calls
in the person they will discuss among themselves the order of speakers, how intense the haircut will be
and what sanctions will be given if any. The resident is then called inside and waits until he is asked to sit.
He will be asked if he knows the reason for his appearance. After the person’s response, he will
be asked to sit and remain silent to enable him/her to absorb all the advice.
15
The haircut gives emphasis on the behavior of the resident and the severity of the haircut should
be appropriate to the gravity of the offense. Before a resident is subjected to a haircut, his/ her infraction
must be first investigated, discussed and decided by the Disciplinary Board. Sanction/ Learning
Experience that has been decided upon by the Disciplinary Board and the TCMP staff will be imposed
after the haircut.
Learning Experience
A Learning Experience (LE) is an action or activity given to a resident who was subjected to
Haircut or General Meeting who did an infraction to correct or modify a behavior. LE may be
task-oriented, written task or peer interactions. Since TCMP is educational rather than punitive in its
approach to behavioral change, the LE should be done in a way that would remind the person of the
negative attitude he has done without compromising his human dignity. The intent of LE is not to
stigmatize the person but to motivate him to make restitution for the wrong doings he committed and
redeem himself in the community.
The LE should be related to the infraction committed for him to focus on the behavior expected
of him in the community. It should not be given as a punishment but rather a motivation to develop a
more positive attitude.This will develop a sense of responsibility on him while stressing his inadequacies.
LE should be realistic and humane.
Categories of Learning Experience
a. Task-Oriented LE
● Pots and Pans
● Grounds and Landscaping
● Cleaning and Maintenance
● Time keeping (wake up calls, lights out)
b. Written tasks
● Composition or Essay
● Reproduction of TCMP Materials
c. Peer Interaction
● Reading and reporting of topic
● Announcements (Morning Meeting or House Meeting)
● Bans
Bans
Bans are sanctions to members who commit repeated infractions or violations to the Cardinal
Rules by prohibiting, disallowing or limiting an activity or affiliation to a group.
16
It somehow curtails some freedom of movement and association. This sanction causes unpleasant
feelings which people try to avoid hence may evoke behavioral changes in the future. Privileges should
have impact but must not limit individual ability to meet personal hygiene, nutritional and emotional
needs. A resident subjected to Bans must be first processed in a General Meeting called for the purpose.
General Meeting
A repeated breach to the Cardinal Rules necessitates a General Meeting. Such an issue should
be discussed with the community to point out to the violator the negative effect the behavior had on
the community. Such offense includes sexual acting-out with afellow resident, taking drugs and
engaging in physical fight with another resident. Other facilities include stealing or even smoking as part
of the Cardinal Rules. These behaviors pose a threat to the community because they violate the
established order and safety of the facility.
Expulsion
In extreme cases, when a resident is incorrigible and becomes a threat to the community, the
Director with the recommendation of the Disciplinary Board may transfer him/her to the nearest jail
facility with an appropriate court order. (Jail Setting)
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
Residents who are detained are basically psychologically and emotionally challenged. They share one
thing in common, that is being incarcerated with uncertainties as to the outcome of their individual
cases. They feel isolated, helpless and at times hopeless brought about by separation from their loved
ones and society in general and all other issues that confront them while incarcerated.
The TCMP provides activities and services that cater to this particular need.
COUNSELING
Counseling is defined as a professional activity of helping individuals, groups or communities

enhance or restore their capacity for psychological, emotional and social functioning and creating an
environment favorable for the attainment of these goals.
Psychosocial Skills and Characteristics of Counseling:
● Empathy- it is merely “putting oneself in the client's shoes”. When the client feels understood, a sense
of trust or rapport is developed. Rapport paves the way to amore meaningful communication and may
enable the client to understand and accept more of his or her complexity of feelings.
● Warmth- is also called ünconditional positive regard”. It involves accepting and caring about the client
as a person, regardless of any evaluation on the client’s behavior or thoughts. It is most often conveyed
through our non-verbal behavior or bodily gestures.
17
● Respect- is our belief in the client’s ability to make appropriate decisions and deal appropriately with
his or her life situation. The counselor shows his utmost respect to the client by listening in silence and
giving him the opportunity to design his own solutions to the problem. A similar term for this is
“empowerment” as the counselor likewise demonstrates that he values the integrity of the client.
● Congruence- or genuineness is being honest and authentic in dealing with the client. It is
showing real concern rather than focusing on techniques during sessions.
● Confidentiality- means that anything discussed during counseling sessions is held absolutely private
and not to be discussed anywhere. This contact should be held sacred so as to maintain the client’s
trust and enable him to disclose sensitive matters to the counselor without fear of any breach of
confidentiality.
When to break confidentiality?
1. Children are being neglected or abused
2. Appearance in court as a witness
3. Client expressed plan to commit suicide
4. Client expressed a plan to harm others.
Initial Interview/ Intake Interview
The intake interview in the jail setting is done by a counselor to newly admitted residents. The
main purpose is to elicit information about the resident and provide information about the program and
what the expectations are on both parties. Full and honest disclosure is expected on the resident to
elicit adequate and elaborate information and come up with the proper treatment plan.
One to One Counseling/ Individual Counseling
Individual counseling is a helping tool between the residents and counselors. Residents are
usually referred to the counselor as needed by peers or staff based on the residents behavior.
Counselors use different techniques and methods in counseling. Resident discusses different issues
which cause his/her difficulties.
Group Counseling
Static Groups
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is a permanent group of peers and leaders that meet regularly while the residents are in treatment.
This is designed to provide a forum for self-expression and disclosure. It is usually facilitated by senior
members of the group. It focuses on group relationships and patterns of behaviors.
Peer Confrontation Group

The group participants in Peer Confrontation group are selected by the staff and group
according to peers like adult members will go with the same date of entry in the facility and same goes
with the middle and young members.
It is done in a more compassionate way where each resident tries to help one another.
Participants confront each other on what they do for themselves while in the facility and ask how they
are coping with it.
Secrets
Secrets are a group activity where participants are given the opportunity to unload emotional
baggage and thus experience freedom from internal psychological conflicts.
It promotes trust among the participants knowing that each will reveal his utmost secrets to the
group. It also aims to deepen mutual respect among the participants.
Encounter Groups
The encounter group serves as a “safety valve” within the community which is usually highly
pressured and structured. It is a forum for members of the community to verbally express pent-up or
negative emotions within a structured and safe environment without resorting to violence or aggression
and without fear of reprisal.
There are strict behavioral norms and rules observed during an encounter group such as no
violence or threat of violence, no attack on personal dignity, speak only for oneself and remain seated at
all times. The language used in expressing their feelings is seldom restricted in the Filipino culture, use of
foul language is avoided to prevent harboring of negative feelings from the receiver.
The primary goal of an encounter group is to raise awareness of behaviors and explore the underlying
feelings that led to such negative emotions.
Extended Group (Probe, Marathon)
It may last for 8-72 hours. It is a potentially intimate and intense session which needs a significant
amount of preparation. It focuses on the “here and now”but allows a deeper exploration of issues
that affects new behavior. Special subjects may be the focus such as sexuality, trauma etc…
Specialized Groups
19
During Loss and Bereavement,
● The group is very supportive and compassionate

● Facilitator discusses the process of grieving and the impact of losses, mad feelings, attitudes and
behavior derived from the loss of a loved one.
● Counselor gives some suggestions on how they would handle the situation appropriately when
there was another similar situation.
● Each participant was required to write a letter to someone or a buddy to tell about the past and what
they will do in the future regarding losses.
Women's Group
Held once a week and run by TC personnel. It provides an opportunity for all female residents to
share and discuss their feelings on women’s issues: family, relationship, self-identity, self-image, societal
role and reproductive issues. Issues to be tackled are gender specific problems and aims to help female
residents identify their challenges and needs.
Men’s Group
Topics include expression of feeling, reveal of true self, dealing with feeling anmd how to avoid abusive
relationship, family conflicts, sexuality and sexual relationships. Group sessions enable each of them to
identify, express the feeling related to the trauma and lessons learned from those experiences
Medication Support Group
Counselors hold the group once a week who are on medical and psychiatric medication. Group
members are educated on different kinds of medical and psychiatric problems and its effects and intake
of medicines and its side effects of taking it. Cohesiveness is enhanced. Sharing and discussing how to
face their difficulties, coping with the disease and problems encountered while they are on medications.
Anger Management
Participants are selected based on interview and attitude shown while in treatment. The group
is an avenue for the residents to know their anger feelings and acquire new knowledge and information
on how to deal with their feelings in different situations and personalities.
Pre-Release Interview
IWDO (Inmate’s Welfare Development Officer) should coordinate with the Paralegal Officer to
monitor the status of the case of the residents. If possible, immediate members of the family is/are
present before the residents will be released from jail. Do a pre-release interview to conduct an
20
assessment of the resident’s potentials and map out plans after his release from jail. IWD should
coordinate with service providers for his/her referral for aftercare.
INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL COMPONENTS
Can spiritually and intellect go together?
Intelligence and spirituality ultimately follow the same path. By embracing intellect to its fullest
extent, one will eventually arrive at a sense of spirituality. Our actions are governed by intelligence; we
achieve the best results when we make the most intelligent decisions. But if we go home, meditate. We
supposedly left the territory of the intellect and entered the spiritual realm. We try to interact
intelligently with our outer world and spiritually with our inner world.
Spirituality in TC
Spirituality is any action or activity that reflects or brings out the goodness in a man. Spirituality
in TCMP is designed to respond to the inner longing of residents to find greater faith where they can
anchor themselves within their struggle to find meaning to their existence.
Intellectual Component
A well-structured and well-implemented Intellectual Component is a factor in establishing a

Therapeutic Community for the residents. It helps the residents restore their self-esteem as their minds
become open to ideas and their intellect does not cease to feed on a free and open interchange of
opinions.
Providing worthwhile opportunities for learning/education will facilitate regaining their human
quality and self-respect thereby making self realization- that being law-abiding and productive, both
during their stay in the facility and their eventual release in the society’s mainstream is the real essence
and measure of development.
The TC Philosophy
The TC Philosophy is recited daily during the Morning Meeting. It embodies all the challenges and
aspirations of most residents who feel alienated and the desire to overcome the imposed limitations
on their freedom and find their own place where they could feel safe and welcome.
It acknowledges the importance of fellowship in shaping one’s behavior and motivating one’s fortitude
of helping himself and others. It forms emotional binding among the participants knowing that they are
grounded on the same philosophy. (see TC philosophy)
TC Unwritten Philosophies
21
The unwritten philosophy of TC consists of slogans or aphorisms that are verbally given to the
residents to impart the beliefs and values of TC in relation to their day to day living. These sayings are
used to remind the residents as to what are considered important to them. (see list of unwritten
philosophies)
Theme/ Concept of the Da
It refers to a word or saying that will serve as a guide for the community to ponder upon in
relation to their day to day interactions and behaviors. It is elaborated during the Morning Meeting by
some members of the community to emphasize its relevance and how it can stimulate the residents
thoughts and help them change their behavior into something positive. It can also be taken from the
Unwritten Philosophies.
Meditation: Discovering your Inner Sanctuary
The visualization meditation is used to help an individual establish a practice of moving his
attention within, finding his place of relaxation and peace by contacting his inner wisdom. This
experience is unique for everyone so much so that one’s experience may be different from the others.
Some may experience visual imagery while the others may not. What is important is to do it the most
easy and natural way in order to attain the goal and have the opportunity to relax and enjoy the
process.
Seminars
Seminars are activities in TC that provide intellectual stimulation and seek personal involvement
among the residents. It is a way of providing information, improving the resident’s speaking and writing
abilities and enhancing their listening ability so as to understand all the information being presented.
Types of Seminars:
1. Discussion- open format and allow for group participation
2. Data Sessions- given specific information and games
3. Games- mind expanding activities to elicit thought, creativity, and imagination
4. Seminars series on varied topics
The Debate
22
The debate is introduced to provide the residents the opportunity to learn how to reason ably
and put together arguments in a logical manner. This is also an exercise on how to listen and formulate
ideas and demonstrate a broader understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants certain
insights on other’s opinions which may be opposite to their own.
Games: The “Grab Bag”
The “Grab Bag”is a form of seminar which enhances the residents ability to communicate,
analyze ideas and develop insights about themselves with the use of identification with inanimate
objects.
Saturday Night Activities
This activity is held every Saturday as a recreational event purposely to instill fun, humor and
entertainment after an intense and hectic week. This gives the residents the chance to let loose and
socialize. Each static group is assigned a specific task or presentation to develop talents among the
residents.
VOCATIONAL/ SURVIVAL SKILLS
The development of vocational and survival skills starts at the beginning of performance in job
functions in the TC Community which has substantial value to the individual. Its aim is not only to detain
or confine residents but also to challenge them to learn vocational skills for their re-entry to the
community. Vocational rehabilitation helps the individual to become less dependent, adapt himself and
become more independent by making positive changes.
Organizational Hierarchy of Therapeutic Community
● The senior member of the staff, usually the Director identifies the counselors coming from the
staff/ personnel
● As soon as the counselors were identified, the residents of the community will submit application
for certain desired positions as indicated at the hierarchical structure
● The applicants will be interviewed by the staff (Director, IWDO, Chief Escort and Custodial) ● After
the interview, selection of applicants for key positions (Coordinator & Department Head) is done
through the use of Sociometric pointing.
● crew members will be assigned as per assessment of the IWDO, Chief Escort and Custodial
23
● new residents will be assigned automatically at the housekeeping department for one month for
orientation purposes.
Class- A TC Community (Population- 1000 up)
1. Business Office Department- Admin

2. Kitchen Department- Food Service Officer
3. Housekeeping Department- Records
4. Grounds/ Landscaping Department- Custodial
5. Laundry Department- Logistics
6. Maintenance Department- Operations
7. Special Service Department- IWDO
8. Expediting Department- Paralegal
Class- B TC Community (Population 500-999)

2. Kitchen Department- Food Service Officer
3. Housekeeping/ Laundry Department- Records
4. Grounds/ Landscaping/ Maintenance Department- Custodial
5. Special Service Department- IWDO
Class- C TC Community (Population 1- 499)

2. Kitchen Department- Food Service Specialist
3. Housekeeping/ Laundry Department- IWDO
*note: the set up of the hierarchical structure depends upon the needs of the facility
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
Coordinator
● A positive role model
● Deals with the attitudes of the residents and acts as a member of the panel during the haircut and
addresses the resident in general meeting
● The leader of a team assigned to oversee a specific department
24
● Responsible for reporting of job changes and recommends cutting off of learning experience ●
Assigned as Coordinator on Duty of the day and delegates tasks to be covered for the day, i.e ,
investigating and booking
● Responsible for overseeing that each team works efficiently
● Supervises the overall functions of the department in the TC Facility
● Reports to staff any incident that is not in the boundaries of resident to deal with
● Carries out any given task that staff members assigned him/ her
● in -charge to disseminate instructions given by the Director and staff through coordination with
co-coordinators.
● Serves as liaison between resident and staff.
Chief Expediter
● Responsible for managing the daily function and activities of the community ● Delegates
other responsibilities to the Asst. Chief Expediter and monitors every activity ● Oversees
the schedule of the day
● Communicates with department heads in execution of job functions
● Communicates with Coordinator of the Day on an hourly basis.
Assistant Chief Expediter

● Responsible for execution of directives from the Chief Expediter
● Supervises the activity inside the dormitories
● Monitors overall function of the different departments and reports to the chief all the incidences ●
Facilitates department head meetings in the absence of the chief expediter, job changes and
requests. (e.g. request for phone calls)
Department Head
● Conducts departmental meetings before job function
● Delegates specific tasks to team members and monitors individual conduct
● Monitors participation of members to activities of the program ( morning meeting, seminar and
group session)
● Check attendance and whereabouts of team members
● Attends department heads pre- evaluation meeting regarding job change
● Recommends grants or denies team members in-house requests in the department head meeting
● Conducts post evaluation to residents regarding the result of their requests ● Screens team
members requests.
Department Crew
● Responsible for carrying out tasks, duties and responsibilities of their concerned departments.
25
TCMP DEPARTMENTS AND FUNCTION
Business Office Department (BOD)

● Welcomes new members of the family and makes sure that policies, rules and their limitations are
clear
● Responsible in facilitating younger members group by sharing experiences
● Role model that shows how to overcome trying circumstances (coping, adjustments etc) ● Orient
new residents how to drop slips, ventilate feelings in the encounter group, use the behavior shaping
tools and internalize the TC Philosophy and Unwritten Philosophies.
● Provides support to residents when needed
● Prepares sequence of program for special events and disseminates all written communications ●
Maintain and updates bulletin board postages and announcements
● Update profile of residents (Name, Address, Age, Status, Birthdate, Ethnic Origin etc…) and
provides list of residents in the Tag board to be posted in every dormitory
● Prepares sound system in every activity.
Expediting Team
● Oversees the day-to day affairs of the different departments
● Report any incident in the TC facility and the overall attitude of the community ● In-charge of the
attendance of the residents in groups, seminars, static, specialized groups ● Confronts attitudes
around the house and make necessary steps to address them through booking ● Coordinates with
staff regarding announcements, activities, medications and court hearings for proper information
dissemination
● Coordinates with Coordinator on Duty and Medical Staff in attending to sick residents ● Prepare
designated room assignments upon admission of new residents (assign big brother/ sister)
● Oversees activities of residents in the learning Experience structure.
Kitchen Department
● Prepares and cook food for daily consumption
● Maintains quality of food and dietary requirements of every menu
● Preserves sanitary working environment and maintains kitchen equipment properly
● Manages quantity of food servings to minimize wastage
● Prepares menu for special requirements and occasions
● Serves meal on time
● Ensures proper storage of food items to avoid spoilage and contamination
● Conducts regular health screening of kitchen workers
● Maintains proper washing of dishes and kitchen utensils and proper disposal of waste materials.
26
Maintenance and Landscaping Department

● Maintains cleanliness of grounds
● Responsible in planting, watering and trimming of plants, trees and flower beds
● Maintain inventory of materials and equipment
● Informs staff of any equipment that needs repair or replacement
● Responsible in making minor repairs of jail facilities and equipment
● Responsible in monitoring proper usage of water and electricity
Housekeeping Department
● Maintains the cleanliness of the cell area, mess hall, visitation area and visitor’s comfort room ●
Maintains inventory of housekeeping materials such as brooms, dustpans, rugs, floor wax, etc… ●
Provides proper storage of housekeeping materials
Laundry Department
● Assigns and schedules laundry time for every dorm
● Designates and maintains hanging area for washed clothing
● Collects the dried washed clothing and distributes it to the respective dorms.
STAFF FUNCTIONS
Director
The Warden/ Superintendent serves as a Director of the facility. He oversees all the activities in
the program. He designates staff to serve as Counselors. He makes final decisions as to what sanctions or
learning experiences will be meted out to erring residents.
Assistant Director
This position is usually occupied by the Assistant Warden. He takes over the responsibilities in the
absence of the Director. He reports directly to the Director and assists him in the conduct of the latter’s
responsibilities.
Counselor
A staff member is assigned as a counselor for each department. The jail/prison set up is unique
as the Counselors take on other responsibilities in addition.
27
Due to the inadequate number of jail/prison personnel, custodial officers are oftentimes
assigned as Counselor. The counselors are responsible for the conduct of the different activities of TC on
a daily basis.
LIVELIHOOD AND SKILLS TRAINING
The IWDO will conduct skills inventory of the residents to determine the appropriate skills
training needed. With the help of skilled staff or outsourced trainers, residents are trained on their
specific field of interest which could be their source of livelihood once they are released from jail/
prison.
List of Suggested Vocational Skills Training:
● Culinary arts
● Basic steel fabrication
● Beads making enhancement
Others Suggested vocational training:
● Rug making
● Wood carving
● Flower making
● Massage therapy
● Artistry
● Basic electricity
● Automotive
● Masonry and carpentry
● Tailoring and dressmaking
● Furniture
● Lantern and christmas decor making
● T-shirt printing
● Basket weaving
● Shell craft
● Guitar making
● Organic farming
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X NOTHING FOLLOWS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
28

Ca3 - Therapeutic Modalities

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Ca3 - Therapeutic Modalities

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

MODULE III. THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES

Therapeutic Community Modality

DOJ-PPA TC (THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY) 1998-PRESENT

WHAT IS A THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY?

TWO TYPES OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIES

1. Democratic Therapeutic Community

Democratic Therapeutic Community

Concept-based Therapeutic Community

THE THERAPEUTIC TOOLS OF THE CONCEPT-BASED TC

6. Indoctrination or Initial Interview- a ritual for admitting a prospective resident which is

7. The Hierarchical Structure- the social organization of a TC.

MODALITIES IN THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

The custodial care of adult offenders is handled by the following:

1. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)

2. The Provincial Jails

3. The Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR)

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PHASES OF TREATMENT

Phase I- Entry/Orientation Phase

Once an inmate is committed to jail/prison, he undergoes a series of examinations to determine

● The rules and norms of the community

Phase II- Primary Treatment/ Core Treatment Phase

Phase III- Pre Re-entry

● Rebuilding of social and family ties

Phase IV- Re-entry

The resident must focus on the following:

● Transition to life outside of jail

Phase IV- Aftercare

The clients are focused on the following:

● Maintaining positive behavior and prevent recidivism

● Sustaining interest in job or vocation to maintain livelihood

WHAT IS THE TC MISSION?

WHAT IS THE TC VISION?

Hierarchy of Behavior Shaping Tool

Behavior Shaping Tools Essential Elements

STANDARD PARAMETERS FOR JAIL/PRISON TCMP

structure and daily activities are displayed.

both indoors and outdoors.

sleeping and habitation that respects the individual’s personal space.

● The staff has undergone proper training on TCMP.

There is proper shift turn-over of TC trained staff on a daily basis.

TCMP staff in terms of awards and commendations.

c. The Therapeutic Environment- The Inmates/ Residents

● Absence or minimal incidence of jail/prison violence/ disturbance.

● The residents respect the hierarchy and chain of command.

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PROGRAM BY THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS

HIERARCHY OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

Categories of Learning Experience

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

Counseling is defined as a professional activity of helping individuals, groups or communities

Psychosocial Skills and Characteristics of Counseling:

When to break confidentiality?

1. Children are being neglected or abused

2. Appearance in court as a witness

3. Client expressed plan to commit suicide

4. Client expressed a plan to harm others.

Initial Interview/ Intake Interview

One to One Counseling/ Individual Counseling

Peer Confrontation Group

Extended Group (Probe, Marathon)

During Loss and Bereavement,

● The group is very supportive and compassionate