Therapeuti C Modalities: Prepared By: John Patrick B. de Jesus

THERAPEUTI
C
MODALITIES
Prepared by: John Patrick B. De Jesus
OVERVIEW OF THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY CONCEPT
• Rehabilitation
• History of Therapeutic Community
• Therapeutic Community
• Concept of Therapeutic Community
• Hierarchical format of Therapeutic Community
• Phases of Therapeutic Community
WHAT IS REHABILITATION?
• It is the process of re-educating and retraining those who

commit crime.
• It generally involves psychological approaches which target the
cognitive distortions associated with specific kinds of crime
committed by particular offenders - but may also involve more
general education such as literacy skills and work training.
• The goal is to re-integrate offenders back into society.
REHABILITATION VS REFORMATION
Rehabilitation
• A program of activity directed to restore an inmate’s
self-respect thereby making him a low abiding citizen
after serving his sentence.
Reformation
• Change of behavior from unaccepted norm of behavior.
HISTORY OF
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
• Historically, TCs have seen themselves as a mutual self-help
alternative to medically oriented strategies to address addiction
and most have not allowed program participants to use
medications of any kind, including medications such as
methadone (a long-acting opioid agonist medication shown to be
effective in treating opioid addiction and pain).
• Over the past 30 years, TCs' attitudes toward medications have
gradually evolved, reflecting changing social attitudes toward
addiction treatment and the scientific recognition of addiction as a
medical disorder
• A growing number of TCs now take a comprehensive approach
to recovery by addressing participants' other health issues in
addition to their SUDs, incorporating comprehensive medical
treatment (Smith, 2012) and supporting participants receiving
medications for addiction treatment or for other psychiatric
disorders.
• Many of today's TCs are also offering shorter-term residential
or outpatient day treatment (De Leon, 2012; De Leon &
Wexler, 2009) in addition to long-term residential treatment.
• Initially, TCs were run solely by peers in recovery. Over time and in response
to the changing needs of participants, many TCs have begun incorporating
professional staff with substance abuse counseling or mental health training,
some of whom are also in recovery themselves.
• Today, programs often have medically trained professionals (e.g., psychiatrist
consultants, nurses, and methadone specialists) as staff members, and most
offer medical services on-site (Dye et al., 2012; Perfas & Spross, 2007).
According to a national survey of these programs, more than half of TC staff
members are in recovery (Dye et al., 2012), and many have earned
certification in addiction counseling or bachelors- or masters-level degrees.
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
WHAT IS A THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY?
• A therapeutic community treatment

model is one in which participants are
taught to work with one another.
• Community members promote self-
change by becoming positive role
models for one another under the
guidance of the staff.
MAKING A THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
• The therapeutic community program is a positive environment for learning how to be

accountable for one’s choices in a caring community where members can help
themselves and each other make positive changes.
• Staff and residents work together to establish and maintain a positive, growth-filled
environment.
• Community members focus on behavioral change, accountability and confronting
attitudes, behaviors and criminal thinking patterns, which are destructive to individuals
and the life of the program.
• It is a place to set goals, develop discipline and practice behaviors that lead to successful
living. It is a place where you learn to let go of a “victim mentality” and incorporate an
“accountability mentality” into all of your relationships.
• The program allows you a chance to change, to confront mistakes and accept
responsibility for your life.
HOW DOES TC LOOK LIKE?
• The operation of the community itself is the task of the residents, working under staff
supervision.
• Work assignments, called “job functions” are arranged in a hierarchy, according to
seniority, individual progress and productivity.
• These include conducting all house services, such as cooking, cleaning, kitchen
service, minor repair, serving as apprentices and running all departments, conducting
meetings and peer encounter groups.
• The TC operates in a similar fashion to a functional family with a hierarchical
structure of older and younger members.
• Each member has a defined role and responsibilities for sustaining the proper functioning of the
TC.
• There are sets of rules and community norms that members upon entry commit to live by and
uphold.
WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF TC?
• The primary “therapist” and teacher is the community itself, consisting of peers and
staff, who, as role models of successful personal change, serve as guides in the recovery
process.
• TC adheres to precepts of right living: Truth/honesty; Here and now; Personal
responsibility for destiny; Social responsibility (brother’s keeper); Moral Code; Inner
person is “good” but behavior can be “bad”; Change is the only certainty; Work ethics;
Self-reliance; Psychological converges with philosophical (e.g. guilt kills)
• It believes that TC is a place where: One can change – unfold; the group can foster
change; individuals must take responsibility; structures must accommodate this; Act as if
– go through the motion.
THERE ARE 5 DISTINCT CATEGORIES OF ACTIVITY THAT HELP
PROMOTE THE CHANGE:
• Relational/Behavior Management
• Affective/Emotional/Psychological
• Cognitive/Intellectual
• Spiritual
• Psychomotor/Vocational-Survival Skills
CARDINAL RULES OF THE THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
• No escape or attempts to escape.

• No violence or imminent threats of bodily harm.
• No possession or use of weapons.
• No possession or use of alcohol or other drugs nor refusal to submit
to urinalysis testing.
• No gang-related or racially motivated activities, specifically
violence, intimidation and/or recruiting.
• No sexual misconduct.
Notes: Violation of a cardinal rule may result in expulsion from the
program.
CONCEPT OF
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
The therapeutic community program

helps participants learn how to be
accountable for their choices and
behavior in a positive, caring
environment.
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS TO KNOW
AND PRACTICE
• Help yourself/help each other • Maintain accurate records

• Acting as if • Earn your privileges
• No we/they dichotomy • Make a connection with the
• Learn and model pro-social community
values • Role modeling
• Establish a common belief • Respect staff as rational
system authorities
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Help yourself/help each other

• In the therapeutic community, members work
together to help each other and themselves.
• “I am my brother’s keeper” is a given.
• There is great therapeutic value in one addict helping
another
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Acting as if
• If a person acts a certain way long enough, he will
begin to feel that way and change his attitude in that
direction.
• For example, if you act like a positive person you
will soon feel like a positive person and be
comfortable doing it.
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
No we/they dichotomy
• In the therapeutic community the differences are
minimized.
• While there is value in the differences among cultural and
ethnic backgrounds, all participants suffer from the
common problems of addiction.
• All members are given equal opportunity to succeed
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Learn and model pro-social values

• The learning process in the therapeutic community comes
from the community itself.
• The community is the agent of change.
• In a healthy therapeutic community, one learns positive
pro-social values and models them in the community
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Establish a common belief system
• In the therapeutic community there is a common belief that people can
and do change for the better if they so choose
Earn your privileges
• One of the most basic beliefs in the therapeutic community is that you
earn what you get.
• Members of the community are expected to work and grow. “Doing
time” is not what the community is all about. All privileges are earned
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Make a connection with the community
• When residents first enter treatment, their connection is with the community of
the “street.”
• The therapeutic community is a new environment and is quite different in terms
of beliefs, values, behaviors and expectations.
• In the beginning the therapeutic community challenges old beliefs and attitudes.
• The community, over time, believes and expects that what it has to offer is
valuable and beneficial.
• Residents are asked and are expected to join other community members around
the common bond of a substance-free and crime-free lifestyle
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Role modeling
• Throughout your life, you have learned from others.
• Much of this learning came from watching their behaviors.
• Sometimes you watched on purpose and other times you may have been
unaware that you were learning from what you observed.
• In the therapeutic community it is often said: “If you’re going to talk the
talk, walk the walk.”
• When you learn by watching others, you are learning from what they
model
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Respect staff as rational authorities

• In the past therapeutic community members have not seen or
trusted authority figures as guides and teachers.
• Staff in the therapeutic community serve as positive role
models and are considered Rational Authorities.
• They provide reasons for their decisions and the meaning of
consequences. Staff facilitate and correct, rather than punish,
behaviors
HIERARCHICAL
FORMAT OF
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
TOOLS AND STRUCTURE
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY TOOLS
• Pull up • Ban contract
• Talking to • Glue contract
• Learning experience • Encounter slip
• Ticket • Encounter groups
• Therapeutic peer reprimand • Act As If
Pull up
• This is a verbal comment to someone to make
him aware of a negative action or behavior.
• The proper response to a pull up is to say,
“Thank you,” and then correct the behavior
Talking to
• When someone has been pulled up for negative behavior
and failed
• to correct it, the next step would be a “talking to.” The
“talking
• to” tool is used by upper structure members or staff.
Learning experience
• Dr. George DeLeon teaches that therapeutic communities are “environments
engineered for social learning.” Learning experiences are given to help residents
focus on problems that are caused by their behaviors and look at solutions to correct
them. Learning experiences typically consist of three areas: Behavioral, Cognitive
and Social.
• Behavioral learning experiences consist of actions to focus one’s attention on what is causing
problems;
• Cognitive learning experiences consist of looking at one’s thinking;
• Social learning experiences consist of how one’s actions affect the community.
Ticket
• A ticket is a written pull up given by expeditors,
department heads or senior residents. There is usually a
learning experience given with a ticket to help the person
correct the behavior that is causing problems.
• All tickets and learning experiences are approved after
investigation and agreement by treatment staff
Therapeutic peer reprimand

• A therapeutic peer reprimand is used to raise an individual’s
• awareness of negative or destructive behavior. This creates an
• opportunity to teach appropriate behavior that is acceptable.
• Therapeutic peer reprimands can be conducted in front of the
• community or in a room with a panel and counselor.
Ban contract
• Two people who feed into each other’s negativity might be banned
• from hanging out together for a period of time.
Glue contract
• This is a contract used when two clients would benefit from knowing
• each other at a deeper level. This contract is used to help clients gain
• insight into each other’s culture or belief systems.
Encounter slip
• Used to get someone in your Encounter Group to encounter
another
• member about his behavior or to determine how another member
is
• doing in the program. Encountering is done out of care and
concern
• to help the community member and the community
Encounter groups
• This includes both “encounter process” and “special groups.”
This
• group is considered the “heartbeat” of a therapeutic community.
• Many of the residents’ behavioral changes are the direct result
of the
• interactions experienced in these groups
Act As If
• If a person acts a certain way long enough, he will begin to
feel that
• way and will change his attitude or behavior in that
direction
The TC Philosophy
What is the TC Philosophy?
• Change is a personal choice that may be achieved through
personal responsibility, commitment, and effort.
What is the meaning of this Philosophy?

• It is possible for each client to make the necessary change in
their life in order to become healthy, productive citizens in
society. In order to do so, there must be on the part of the
individual the desire to change old lifestyles and a willingness for
the increased self-awareness and self-discipline necessary to
develop and maintain these changes indicated by a lack of
resistance to the treatment process.
Why is there a Philosophy?
• It serves to focus both staff and client resources and efforts on a common
purpose and channel those energies along therapeutic guidelines towards a
definite program goal: On the part of the client increased self-awareness
and self-discipline.
What is the overall concept of the TC program?

• Provide a structural environment with constant attention to negative
behavior change, socially acceptable rules as the norm, acceptance of
personal responsibility for their individual actions and positive peer
modeling. This type environment for the special population (i.e., criminal)
makes treatment gains a reality instead of just another program.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PHILOSOPHY
I am here because there is no refuge finally, from myself.
Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others,
I am running.
Until I suffer them to share my secrets,
I have no safety from them.
Afraid to be known,
I can know neither myself nor any other,
I will be alone.
Where else but in our common ground can I see such a
mirror?
Here, together, I can at last appear clearly to myself,
not as the giant of my dreams nor the dwarf of my fears, but
as a person, part of the whole, with my share in its purpose
In this ground, I can take root and grow, not alone anymore,
as in death but alive to myself and to others.
Layunin
TC Philosophy in Tagalog
AKO’Y NARIRITO SAPAGKAT
HINDI KO NA MATATAKASAN
ANG AKING SARILI.
HANGGANG HINDI AKO NAGIGING MATAPAT
SA PAGPUNA SA AKING SARILI
SA MATA AT PUSO NG IBA, AKOY TUMATAKBO.
HANGGANG HINDI KO INILALAHAD
ANG LABI NG AKING MGA LIHIM,
AKO’Y WALANG KAPAYAPAAN.
SA MALAKING TAKOT NA SARILI’Y MABUNYAG,
HINDI KO MAUUNAWAAN ANG AKING SARILI
AT PAGKATAO NG IBA.
SA DILIM MANANATILING NAG-IISA.
SAAN PA KUNFI SA PILING NG KATULAD KO
MAKIKITA ANG TUNAY NA SALAMIN.
SAMA-SAMA DITO SA WAKAS,
MATATANGGAP KO ANG TUNAY AT SARILING PAGKATAO.
DI ANG BALIW NG AKING PANGARAP
O ANG ALIPIN NG AKING TAKOT.
SA HALIP BILAG ISANG TAO SAKOPNG SANLIBUTAN
AT MAY BAHAGI SA LAYUNING ITO.
SA LUPANG ITO AY MAKAPAG-UUGAT AT
SUSUPLING.
DI NA AKO MULING MAG-IISA TULAD SA KAMATAYAN.
SA HALIP AY MAY ALB ANG BUHAY
SA SARILI AT KAPWA.
The Meaning of the MTC Philosophy
We are here because there is no refuge, finally, from ourselves
We are running from ourselves and we have nowhere to hide anymore.
Our main "hiding place''-in our drugs and/or alcohol-is not working anymore.
We are open and can hide no more.
Until a person confronts himself in the eyes and hearts of others, he is running
We must be willing to stop trying to hide-to face ourselves as others see us.
Until he suffers them to share his secrets, he has no safety from them
A secret is a danger to us-we can be hurt if others find out. However, if we share our
secrets, they can no longer hurt us; they are no longer a danger to be used against us.
Afraid to be known, he can know neither himself, nor any other; he will be alone
If we can't be open and honest with others, they cannot know us, and we will not know our
real selves. We will be alone with no one to turn to for help.
Where else but in our common ground can we find such a mirror?
We are all the same. I am no better than you, and you are no better than me. We are here in the TC,
and I can see myself in you and you can see yourself in me.
Here, at last, a person can appear clearly to himself, not as the giant of his dreams, nor the
dwarf of his fears, but as a man, part of a whole, with a share in its purpose
The giant is the person we thought we were in our addiction. The dwarf is us in withdrawal. The man
is the real us-clean and sober. To find this man, we must be a part of this Therapeutic Community-
invest in it with our caring, for ourselves and each other.
In this ground, we can each take root and grow. Not alone anymore as in death, but alive to
ourselves and to others
We can invest and grow as men, as our Therapeutic Community will grow. As part of this TC, we
become alive and honest to ourselves and to others.
HIERARCHICAL
FORMAT OF
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
Structure and function
• Structure board that has many job functions.
• Chain of command of the structure board are clearly marked and
must be followed.
• Participants will be taught the different job functions as
thoroughly as possible so they may understand how the
community operates.
• Having a well-run structure is critical to a successful treatment
community.
• You must be willing to learn all job functions, teach other
members of your community and hold one another accountable in
order for the structure to function properly.
The TCMP Hierarchical Structure (TYPE A)
TC
DIRECTOR
ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD
STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF
BOD GROUNDS AND MAINTENANCE

SPECIAL KITCHEN EXPEDITING HOUSEKEEPING ADMINISTRATIV
LAUNDRY LANDSCAPING
SERVICES DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT E SERVICES
DEPARTMENT
RELIGIOUS CHIEF,
COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
SERVICES EXPEDITER
VISITATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT CHIEF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

SUPPLY
SERVICES HEAD HEAD HEAD EXPEDITER HEAD HEAD HEAD
ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT

LIVELIHOOD DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT EXPEDITERS DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT UTILITY
HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD
ALS CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW
ELDERLY
CLASS- A TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POPULATION –
1,000 UP)
1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT – Admin
2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT – Food Service Officer
3. HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT – Records
4. GROUNDS/LANDSCAPING DEPARTMENT –
Custodial
5. LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT – Logistics
6. MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT – Operations
7. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT – IWDO
8. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT – Paralegal/ I&I
The TCMP Hierarchical Structure (TYPE B)
TC
DIRECTOR
ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD

SPECIAL KITCHEN EXPEDITING HOUSEKEEPING ADMINISTRATIVE
LAUNDRY LANDSCAPING
SERVICES DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT SERVICES
DEPARTMENT
RELIGIOUS
COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR CHIEF, EXPEDITER COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
SERVICES

SUPPLY

ELDERLY
CLASS- B TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP 500-999)
3. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT –
Records
4. GROUNDS/ LANDSCAPING/ MAINTENANCE
DEPARTMENT – Custodial
6. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT – Paralegal/ I&
The TC Hierarchical Structure (Jail pop-1-499 TYPE C)
TC
DIRECTOR
ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD
STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF
GROUNDS ,
BOD EXPEDITING HOUSEKEEPING LANDSCAPING & ADMINISTRATIVE
SPECIAL SERVICES LAUNDRY KITCHEN DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT MAINTENANCE SERVICES
DEPARTMENT
RELIGIOUS SERVICES COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR CHIEF, EXPEDITER COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
VISITATION
SERVICES DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT CHIEF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT HEAD DEPARTMENT HEAD SUPPLY
HEAD EXPEDITER HEAD HEAD
LIVELIHOOD
CREW CREW CREW EXPEDITERS CREW CREW UTILITY

ALS
CLASS- C TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP -1-
499)
2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT – Food Service
Specialist
3. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT
– IWDO
Note: The set up of the Hierarchical Structure
depends upon the needs of the facility.
PHASES OF
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
PHASES OF TREATMENT
• Entry/Orientation Phase
• Primary Treatment
• Pre Re-entry
• Re-entry
• Aftercare
ENTRY/ORIENTATION PHASE
• Series of examination to determine his physical, social and psychological status.

• A resident is placed on orientation at the Reception and Diagnostic room/ Orientation Room
TC program:
- The rules and norms of the community
- TC concepts, written and unwritten philosophy
- The staff and the members of the community
- The tools of the house
- Job functions and TC hierarchy
• He is then assigned a static group and a big brother who will provide him with support
• Resident is handled gently (expected to commit mistakes in the process of learning the
program.
• Sanctions on negative behavior are usually light with emphasis on teaching.
P R I M A RY T R E AT M E N T
• Treatment proper.
• Starting as a crew member of the Housekeeping department until he gradually ascends in the
hierarchy.
He must be knowledgeable on the following:
• Proper use of the different tools to address personal issues and concerns and shape behavior
• Managing own feelings and learning how to express self appropriately
• Learning how to follow the rules and norms of the community
• Maximize participation in activities that are appropriate to the resident’s need for growth
• Learning how to trust the environment by disclosing self to the community and develop
insight in the process
• Developing positive coping skills to deal with difficult life situations
• Enhancing educational and vocational skills to make him productive
• Improve social skills and recognize the importance of other people’s help in shaping behavior
PRE RE-ENTRY
• Resident is expected at this stage to have internalized the TC values and concept to start life afresh.
• However, in the jail setting where entry and release are not within the jail control, residents may not
have reached this phase of treatment before they even leave the jail facility.
• Regardless of the resident’s length of stay, he is expected to undergo this phase prior to release into
society.
• At this phase, the resident is expected to have proven his ability to take on more responsibility hence
needs lesser supervision.
• He is considered a role model in the TC community.
He should focus on the following learning:
• Rebuilding of social and family ties
• Going up the ladder of hierarchy by showing leadership
• Realization of his full potential to be a productive member of society
• Mapping out of plans
RE -E N T RY
• Resident is ready to be released back to society as he has demonstrated adequate self-

control and discipline.
• The inmate is now preparing for his life outside of jail and is focused on making himself
a productive citizen.
• He may start planning for job hunting and rebuilding family ties and relationships.
The resident must focus on the following:
• Transition to life outside of jail.
• Creating a new lifestyle applying the tools and concept of TC.
• Learning positive coping skills to deal with day to day situations.
• Re-establishing and strengthening family ties and support group.
• Reintegration into the mainstream of society.
• Developing realistic and attainable goals in life.
AFTERCARE
• Aftercare is an outpatient program that requires clients to report twice a week

to an outreach center. They are required to attend group sessions to ensure
their adjustment to life outside jail to reduce recidivism. For clients released
from jail, they are referred to the Parole and Probation Administration and
Local Government Units for follow up and aftercare. The clients are focused
on the following:
• Maintaining positive behavior and prevent recidivism
• Strengthening coping mechanism
• Maintaining relationships and support mechanism
• Sustaining interest in job or vocation to maintain livelihood
• Integration into society
BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
• The Behavior Management is a component of Therapeutic Community

Modality Program (TCMP) that introduces the concept and mechanics of
the various shaping tools to include Morning Meeting in order to facilitate
the management of and shape the behavior of the residents.
• This shows the essential elements and significance of the tools which
would provide the community common language, increase cohesiveness
and adapt to the moral and behavioral code of the tools application.
• The behavior shaping tools are ordered in hierarchy to provide enough room
for personal growth and learning.
Hierarchy of Behavior Shaping Tools
PRE MORNING MEETING
Duration/ Frequency: Fifteen minutes daily
Participants: Senior residents, Counselor
• Pre-Morning Meeting is done early in the morning prior to the Morning

Meeting.
• Senior members (15) minutes (discuss the attitude of the house the
previous day.)
• senior members formulate solutions
• attendees discuss the activities to be engaged in the Morning Meeting
• The group will agree on the theme or concept of the day.
• This is to make sure that everything is ironed out prior to the conduct of
the Morning Meeting such as the validation of pull-ups and other
concerns.
MORNING MEETING
Duration/ frequency: One hour daily
Participants: All residents, Counselor
• Morning Meeting is a daily ritual that starts the day in a TC facility.

• Attended by the whole community
• It commences with the Opening Prayer, Singing of the Philippine
National Anthem and the recitation of the TC Philosophy.
• Facilitated by any member of the community.
• Divided into (2) parts namely:
(1) public announcements and community concerns and
(2) community-spirit building or up rituals.
• The first part of the meeting
• public announcements.
• Previous behavior of the community
• A pull up is done as an expression of concern over the lapses of some
members and encourage ownership of mistakes on the violators.
• The pull-up is followed by:
• affirmations of good deeds
• display of responsible concern towards peers.
• Members are expected to be formal in their demeanors.
Rules are set such as:

• no side talking, no cross legging, no laughing, hands on the laps and sit erect.
• Concept of the Day (Guide)
• Unwritten Philosophies of TCMP.
• The second part of the meeting
• Entertaining presentations.
• It develops some talents
• shed off inhibitions of participants.
PARTS OF THE MORNING MEETING
I. COMMUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT/CONCERNS
a. Opening Prayer (Ecumenical)

b. Singing of the Philippine National Anthem (Flag must be displayed)
c. TC Philosophy (Adopted translation)
d. Announcements
 Staff (Director, Asst. Director, Counselor & other personnel)
 Residents (Coordinators, Dep’t Heads, Expediters)
 Report on Dorm Inspection by Chief Expediter
e. Community Concerns
 Pull-ups/ elaboration
 Affirmations
f. Concept of the Day
g. Verse of the Day
II. UP – RITUALS
h. News casting (Local, Nat’l, International, Sports

and Weather News)
i. Entertainment (Choose either Song, Dance, Skit,
Humorous Story)
j. Community Singing (Any song that has relation to
the Concept of the Day)
k. Greetings
TALK TO
 A “Talk To” is an outright correction to another member who has
done a minor infraction but is not aware of it.
 It is a friendly reminder/advice about an unacceptable
behavior and must be done privately.
 to evoke awareness on the part of the violators to avoid
committing the same mistake and be given heavier sanctions
if done in the future.
 During a “Talk To”, the resident is made aware of his/her

negative behavior and the results it may have on others and the
environment.
 The feedback given is done in a positive way.
PULL-UP
• Validated first prior to bringing up in the Morning Meeting.
• A Pull-up is done as a result of lack, missed or lapses in
awareness in a resident.
• done by peers.
• violator is unknown
• Subject listen without saying a word
• create a certain degree of dissonance (strong internal
conflict)
• It encourages honesty, demeanor awareness and owning up to
one’s mistakes.
• The number of elaborations depends upon the number of Pull-
Ups. The more Pull-Ups brought in, the less elaborations.
Example of a Pull-up:
• The moderator asks for someone who has a Pull-up. A member
raises his hand and declared: “Who among my brothers/ sisters
did not flush the toilet after using it early in the morning?”
(Sinu-sino sa ating mga kapatid na naririto ang hindi nagbuhos ng

tubig sa palikuran (kubeta) pagkatapos gumamit kaninang umaga?)
A few people stood up to admit the pull up. The resident doing the
Pull-Up then gives his/her admonition/advice to the violators. The
moderator asks for elaborations.
 1st elaboration: “Brothers/sisters, we should always be aware of our
actions. Going to the toilet is a routine activity. It is a must that we should
flush it after using to keep it clean. We should always think of other people
who might use it after us”.
 2nd elaboration: “Brothers/ sisters, whatever our wrong practices in the
past are should be corrected here. We need to put our lives in order. Flushing
the toilet is a basic action that needs no reminders. We should always
practice cleanliness and good hygiene”.
 3rd elaboration: “Brothers/ sisters the reason we are here is because of
some wrongdoings. Let us leave all of those behind us. Let us be aware of
our actions and give consideration to other people. We should not impose on
others what we don’t want to experience ourselves. Before leaving the toilet,
make sure that you have done what you are expected to do. Please be
responsible.”
DEALT WITH
• Dealt With is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the
House Rules/Norms are done for the second time of same
offense by a resident.
• It is done privately in a room or an area with no other else
hearing the conversation.
• A panel of three (3)

• senior resident, peer and a friend.
• staff should monitor its conduct to ensure that the panel
assigned to the task really acted appropriately.
The Dealt With Formation.
Resident
Subjected to Dealt
With
Peer Senior Friend

Resident
HAIRCUT
 Haircut is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the House
Rules/Norms in same offense are done for the third time or more or for
first time grave offenses. It is a carefully planned and structured verbal
reprimand given by a Staff with four other residents - Senior Resident,
Peer, Big Brother, and Department Head. The tone is more serious and
can be loud, more harsh and exaggerated.
 This is done to induce anxiety and eventually change the person’s

behavior. Before the group calls in the person, they will discuss among
themselves the order of speakers, how intense the haircut will be and
what sanctions will be given if any. The resident is then called inside and
waits until he is asked to sit.
 He will be asked if he knows the reason for his appearance. After the
person’s response, he will be asked to sit and remain silent to enable
him/her absorb all the advices.
 The haircut gives emphasis on the behavior of the resident and the
severity of the haircut should be appropriate to the gravity of the
offense. Each member of panel is given ample time to express himself
without interruption from the other members. The staff or peer who
booked the haircut should not be part of the team so as to avoid bias or
subjectivity. Before a resident be subjected to Haircut, his/her infraction
must be first investigated, discussed and decided by the Disciplinary
Board (Book II, Rule 2, Section 4 of the BJMP Manual).
Sanction/Learning Experience that has been decided upon by the jail
Disciplinary Board and the TCMP staff will be imposed after the
Haircut.
Haircut Formation
Resident
Subjected to
Haircut
Senior Dep’t Big

Staff Peer
Resident Head Brother
LEARNING EXPERIENCE
• A Learning Experience (LE) is an action or activity given to a
resident who was subjected to Haircut or General Meeting who did
an infraction to correct or modify a behavior. LE may be task –
oriented, written task or peer interactions.
• Since TCMP is educational rather than punitive in its approach to
behavioral change, the LE should be done in a way that would
remind the person of the negative attitude he has done without
compromising his human dignity.
• The intent of the LE is not to stigmatize the person but to motivate
him to make restitutions for the wrong doings he committed and
redeem himself in the community.
THERAPEUTIC
MODALITIES
Prepared by: John Patrick B. De Jesus

OVERVIEW OF THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY CONCEPT
• Rehabilitation
• History of Therapeutic Community
• Therapeutic Community
• Concept of Therapeutic Community
• Hierarchical format of Therapeutic Community
• Phases of Therapeutic Community
WHAT IS REHABILITATION?
• It is the process of re-educating and retraining those who

commit crime.
• It generally involves psychological approaches which target the
cognitive distortions associated with specific kinds of crime
committed by particular offenders - but may also involve more
general education such as literacy skills and work training.
• The goal is to re-integrate offenders back into society.
REHABILITATION VS REFORMATION
Rehabilitation
• A program of activity directed to restore an inmate’s
self-respect thereby making him a low abiding citizen
after serving his sentence.
Reformation
• Change of behavior from unaccepted norm of behavior.
HISTORY OF
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
• Historically, TCs have seen themselves as a mutual self-help
alternative to medically oriented strategies to address addiction
and most have not allowed program participants to use
medications of any kind, including medications such as
methadone (a long-acting opioid agonist medication shown to be
effective in treating opioid addiction and pain).
• Over the past 30 years, TCs' attitudes toward medications have
gradually evolved, reflecting changing social attitudes toward
addiction treatment and the scientific recognition of addiction as a
medical disorder
• A growing number of TCs now take a comprehensive approach
to recovery by addressing participants' other health issues in
addition to their SUDs, incorporating comprehensive medical
treatment (Smith, 2012) and supporting participants receiving
medications for addiction treatment or for other psychiatric
disorders.
• Many of today's TCs are also offering shorter-term residential
or outpatient day treatment (De Leon, 2012; De Leon &
Wexler, 2009) in addition to long-term residential treatment.
• Initially, TCs were run solely by peers in recovery. Over time and in response
to the changing needs of participants, many TCs have begun incorporating
professional staff with substance abuse counseling or mental health training,
some of whom are also in recovery themselves.
• Today, programs often have medically trained professionals (e.g., psychiatrist
consultants, nurses, and methadone specialists) as staff members, and most
offer medical services on-site (Dye et al., 2012; Perfas & Spross, 2007).
According to a national survey of these programs, more than half of TC staff
members are in recovery (Dye et al., 2012), and many have earned
certification in addiction counseling or bachelors- or masters-level degrees.
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
WHAT IS A THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY?
• A therapeutic community treatment

model is one in which participants are
taught to work with one another.
• Community members promote self-
change by becoming positive role
models for one another under the
guidance of the staff.
MAKING A THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
• The therapeutic community program is a positive environment for learning how to be

accountable for one’s choices in a caring community where members can help
themselves and each other make positive changes.
• Staff and residents work together to establish and maintain a positive, growth-filled
environment.
• Community members focus on behavioral change, accountability and confronting
attitudes, behaviors and criminal thinking patterns, which are destructive to individuals
and the life of the program.
• It is a place to set goals, develop discipline and practice behaviors that lead to successful
living. It is a place where you learn to let go of a “victim mentality” and incorporate an
“accountability mentality” into all of your relationships.
• The program allows you a chance to change, to confront mistakes and accept
responsibility for your life.
HOW DOES TC LOOK LIKE?
• The operation of the community itself is the task of the residents, working under staff
supervision.
• Work assignments, called “job functions” are arranged in a hierarchy, according to
seniority, individual progress and productivity.
• These include conducting all house services, such as cooking, cleaning, kitchen
service, minor repair, serving as apprentices and running all departments, conducting
meetings and peer encounter groups.
• The TC operates in a similar fashion to a functional family with a hierarchical
structure of older and younger members.
• Each member has a defined role and responsibilities for sustaining the proper functioning of the
TC.
• There are sets of rules and community norms that members upon entry commit to live by and
uphold.
WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF TC?
• The primary “therapist” and teacher is the community itself, consisting of peers and
staff, who, as role models of successful personal change, serve as guides in the recovery
process.
• TC adheres to precepts of right living: Truth/honesty; Here and now; Personal
responsibility for destiny; Social responsibility (brother’s keeper); Moral Code; Inner
person is “good” but behavior can be “bad”; Change is the only certainty; Work ethics;
Self-reliance; Psychological converges with philosophical (e.g. guilt kills)
• It believes that TC is a place where: One can change – unfold; the group can foster
change; individuals must take responsibility; structures must accommodate this; Act as if
– go through the motion.
THERE ARE 5 DISTINCT CATEGORIES OF ACTIVITY THAT HELP
PROMOTE THE CHANGE:
• Relational/Behavior Management
• Affective/Emotional/Psychological
• Cognitive/Intellectual
• Spiritual
• Psychomotor/Vocational-Survival Skills
CARDINAL RULES OF THE THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
• No escape or attempts to escape.

• No violence or imminent threats of bodily harm.
• No possession or use of weapons.
• No possession or use of alcohol or other drugs nor refusal to submit
to urinalysis testing.
• No gang-related or racially motivated activities, specifically
violence, intimidation and/or recruiting.
• No sexual misconduct.
Notes: Violation of a cardinal rule may result in expulsion from the
program.
CONCEPT OF
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
The therapeutic community program

helps participants learn how to be
accountable for their choices and
behavior in a positive, caring
environment.
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS TO KNOW
AND PRACTICE
• Help yourself/help each other • Maintain accurate records

• Acting as if • Earn your privileges
• No we/they dichotomy • Make a connection with the
• Learn and model pro-social community
values • Role modeling
• Establish a common belief • Respect staff as rational
system authorities
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Help yourself/help each other

• In the therapeutic community, members work
together to help each other and themselves.
• “I am my brother’s keeper” is a given.
• There is great therapeutic value in one addict helping
another
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Acting as if
• If a person acts a certain way long enough, he will
begin to feel that way and change his attitude in that
direction.
• For example, if you act like a positive person you
will soon feel like a positive person and be
comfortable doing it.
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
No we/they dichotomy
• In the therapeutic community the differences are
minimized.
• While there is value in the differences among cultural and
ethnic backgrounds, all participants suffer from the
common problems of addiction.
• All members are given equal opportunity to succeed
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Learn and model pro-social values

• The learning process in the therapeutic community comes
from the community itself.
• The community is the agent of change.
• In a healthy therapeutic community, one learns positive
pro-social values and models them in the community
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Establish a common belief system
• In the therapeutic community there is a common belief that people can
and do change for the better if they so choose
Earn your privileges
• One of the most basic beliefs in the therapeutic community is that you
earn what you get.
• Members of the community are expected to work and grow. “Doing
time” is not what the community is all about. All privileges are earned
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Make a connection with the community
• When residents first enter treatment, their connection is with the community of
the “street.”
• The therapeutic community is a new environment and is quite different in terms
of beliefs, values, behaviors and expectations.
• In the beginning the therapeutic community challenges old beliefs and attitudes.
• The community, over time, believes and expects that what it has to offer is
valuable and beneficial.
• Residents are asked and are expected to join other community members around
the common bond of a substance-free and crime-free lifestyle
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Role modeling
• Throughout your life, you have learned from others.
• Much of this learning came from watching their behaviors.
• Sometimes you watched on purpose and other times you may have been
unaware that you were learning from what you observed.
• In the therapeutic community it is often said: “If you’re going to talk the
talk, walk the walk.”
• When you learn by watching others, you are learning from what they
model
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Respect staff as rational authorities

• In the past therapeutic community members have not seen or
trusted authority figures as guides and teachers.
• Staff in the therapeutic community serve as positive role
models and are considered Rational Authorities.
• They provide reasons for their decisions and the meaning of
consequences. Staff facilitate and correct, rather than punish,
behaviors
HIERARCHICAL
FORMAT OF
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
TOOLS AND STRUCTURE
• Pull up • Ban contract
• Talking to • Glue contract
• Learning experience • Encounter slip
• Ticket • Encounter groups
• Therapeutic peer reprimand • Act As If
Pull up
• This is a verbal comment to someone to make
him aware of a negative action or behavior.
• The proper response to a pull up is to say,
“Thank you,” and then correct the behavior
Talking to
• When someone has been pulled up for negative behavior
and failed
• to correct it, the next step would be a “talking to.” The
“talking
• to” tool is used by upper structure members or staff.
Learning experience
• Dr. George DeLeon teaches that therapeutic communities are “environments
engineered for social learning.” Learning experiences are given to help residents
focus on problems that are caused by their behaviors and look at solutions to correct
them. Learning experiences typically consist of three areas: Behavioral, Cognitive
and Social.
• Behavioral learning experiences consist of actions to focus one’s attention on what is causing
problems;
• Cognitive learning experiences consist of looking at one’s thinking;
• Social learning experiences consist of how one’s actions affect the community.
Ticket
• A ticket is a written pull up given by expeditors,
department heads or senior residents. There is usually a
learning experience given with a ticket to help the person
correct the behavior that is causing problems.
• All tickets and learning experiences are approved after
investigation and agreement by treatment staff
Therapeutic peer reprimand

• A therapeutic peer reprimand is used to raise an individual’s
• awareness of negative or destructive behavior. This creates an
• opportunity to teach appropriate behavior that is acceptable.
• Therapeutic peer reprimands can be conducted in front of the
• community or in a room with a panel and counselor.
Ban contract
• Two people who feed into each other’s negativity might be banned
• from hanging out together for a period of time.
Glue contract
• This is a contract used when two clients would benefit from knowing
• each other at a deeper level. This contract is used to help clients gain
• insight into each other’s culture or belief systems.
Encounter slip
• Used to get someone in your Encounter Group to encounter
another
• member about his behavior or to determine how another member
is
• doing in the program. Encountering is done out of care and
concern
• to help the community member and the community
Encounter groups
• This includes both “encounter process” and “special groups.”
This
• group is considered the “heartbeat” of a therapeutic community.
• Many of the residents’ behavioral changes are the direct result
of the
• interactions experienced in these groups
Act As If
• If a person acts a certain way long enough, he will begin to
feel that
• way and will change his attitude or behavior in that
direction
The TC Philosophy
What is the TC Philosophy?
• Change is a personal choice that may be achieved through
personal responsibility, commitment, and effort.
What is the meaning of this Philosophy?

• It is possible for each client to make the necessary change in
their life in order to become healthy, productive citizens in
society. In order to do so, there must be on the part of the
individual the desire to change old lifestyles and a willingness for
the increased self-awareness and self-discipline necessary to
develop and maintain these changes indicated by a lack of
resistance to the treatment process.
Why is there a Philosophy?
• It serves to focus both staff and client resources and efforts on a common
purpose and channel those energies along therapeutic guidelines towards a
definite program goal: On the part of the client increased self-awareness
and self-discipline.
What is the overall concept of the TC program?

• Provide a structural environment with constant attention to negative
behavior change, socially acceptable rules as the norm, acceptance of
personal responsibility for their individual actions and positive peer
modeling. This type environment for the special population (i.e., criminal)
makes treatment gains a reality instead of just another program.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PHILOSOPHY
I am here because there is no refuge finally, from myself.
Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others,
I am running.
Until I suffer them to share my secrets,
I have no safety from them.
Afraid to be known,
I can know neither myself nor any other,
I will be alone.
Where else but in our common ground can I see such a
mirror?
Here, together, I can at last appear clearly to myself,
not as the giant of my dreams nor the dwarf of my fears, but
as a person, part of the whole, with my share in its purpose
In this ground, I can take root and grow, not alone anymore,
as in death but alive to myself and to others.
Layunin
TC Philosophy in Tagalog
AKO’Y NARIRITO SAPAGKAT
HINDI KO NA MATATAKASAN
ANG AKING SARILI.
HANGGANG HINDI AKO NAGIGING MATAPAT
SA PAGPUNA SA AKING SARILI
SA MATA AT PUSO NG IBA, AKOY TUMATAKBO.
HANGGANG HINDI KO INILALAHAD
ANG LABI NG AKING MGA LIHIM,
AKO’Y WALANG KAPAYAPAAN.
SA MALAKING TAKOT NA SARILI’Y MABUNYAG,
HINDI KO MAUUNAWAAN ANG AKING SARILI
AT PAGKATAO NG IBA.
SA DILIM MANANATILING NAG-IISA.
SAAN PA KUNFI SA PILING NG KATULAD KO
MAKIKITA ANG TUNAY NA SALAMIN.
SAMA-SAMA DITO SA WAKAS,
MATATANGGAP KO ANG TUNAY AT SARILING PAGKATAO.
DI ANG BALIW NG AKING PANGARAP
O ANG ALIPIN NG AKING TAKOT.
SA HALIP BILAG ISANG TAO SAKOPNG SANLIBUTAN
AT MAY BAHAGI SA LAYUNING ITO.
SA LUPANG ITO AY MAKAPAG-UUGAT AT
SUSUPLING.
DI NA AKO MULING MAG-IISA TULAD SA KAMATAYAN.
SA HALIP AY MAY ALB ANG BUHAY
SA SARILI AT KAPWA.
The Meaning of the MTC Philosophy
We are here because there is no refuge, finally, from ourselves
We are running from ourselves and we have nowhere to hide anymore.
Our main "hiding place''-in our drugs and/or alcohol-is not working anymore.
We are open and can hide no more.
Until a person confronts himself in the eyes and hearts of others, he is running
We must be willing to stop trying to hide-to face ourselves as others see us.
Until he suffers them to share his secrets, he has no safety from them
A secret is a danger to us-we can be hurt if others find out. However, if we share our
secrets, they can no longer hurt us; they are no longer a danger to be used against us.
Afraid to be known, he can know neither himself, nor any other; he will be alone
If we can't be open and honest with others, they cannot know us, and we will not know our
real selves. We will be alone with no one to turn to for help.
Where else but in our common ground can we find such a mirror?
We are all the same. I am no better than you, and you are no better than me. We are here in the TC,
and I can see myself in you and you can see yourself in me.
Here, at last, a person can appear clearly to himself, not as the giant of his dreams, nor the
dwarf of his fears, but as a man, part of a whole, with a share in its purpose
The giant is the person we thought we were in our addiction. The dwarf is us in withdrawal. The man
is the real us-clean and sober. To find this man, we must be a part of this Therapeutic Community-
invest in it with our caring, for ourselves and each other.
In this ground, we can each take root and grow. Not alone anymore as in death, but alive to
ourselves and to others
We can invest and grow as men, as our Therapeutic Community will grow. As part of this TC, we
become alive and honest to ourselves and to others.
HIERARCHICAL
FORMAT OF
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
Structure and function
• Structure board that has many job functions.
• Chain of command of the structure board are clearly marked and
must be followed.
• Participants will be taught the different job functions as
thoroughly as possible so they may understand how the
community operates.
• Having a well-run structure is critical to a successful treatment
community.
• You must be willing to learn all job functions, teach other
members of your community and hold one another accountable in
order for the structure to function properly.
The TCMP Hierarchical Structure (TYPE A)
TC
DIRECTOR
ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD

SPECIAL KITCHEN EXPEDITING HOUSEKEEPING ADMINISTRATIV
LAUNDRY LANDSCAPING
SERVICES DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT E SERVICES
DEPARTMENT
RELIGIOUS CHIEF,
COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
SERVICES EXPEDITER

SUPPLY

ELDERLY
CLASS- A TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POPULATION –
1,000 UP)
3. HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT – Records
4. GROUNDS/LANDSCAPING DEPARTMENT –
Custodial
5. LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT – Logistics
6. MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT – Operations
The TCMP Hierarchical Structure (TYPE B)
TC
DIRECTOR
ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD

SPECIAL KITCHEN EXPEDITING HOUSEKEEPING ADMINISTRATIVE
LAUNDRY LANDSCAPING
SERVICES DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT SERVICES
DEPARTMENT
RELIGIOUS
COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR CHIEF, EXPEDITER COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
SERVICES

SUPPLY

ELDERLY
CLASS- B TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP 500-999)
3. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT –
Records
4. GROUNDS/ LANDSCAPING/ MAINTENANCE
DEPARTMENT – Custodial
6. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT – Paralegal/ I&
The TC Hierarchical Structure (Jail pop-1-499 TYPE C)
TC
DIRECTOR
ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD
STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF
GROUNDS ,
BOD EXPEDITING HOUSEKEEPING LANDSCAPING & ADMINISTRATIVE
SPECIAL SERVICES LAUNDRY KITCHEN DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT MAINTENANCE SERVICES
DEPARTMENT
RELIGIOUS SERVICES COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR CHIEF, EXPEDITER COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
VISITATION
SERVICES DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT CHIEF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT HEAD DEPARTMENT HEAD SUPPLY
HEAD EXPEDITER HEAD HEAD
LIVELIHOOD
CREW CREW CREW EXPEDITERS CREW CREW UTILITY

ALS
CLASS- C TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP -1-
499)
2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT – Food Service
Specialist
3. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT
– IWDO
Note: The set up of the Hierarchical Structure
depends upon the needs of the facility.
PHASES OF
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
PHASES OF TREATMENT
• Entry/Orientation Phase
• Primary Treatment
• Pre Re-entry
• Re-entry
• Aftercare
ENTRY/ORIENTATION PHASE
• Series of examination to determine his physical, social and psychological status.

• A resident is placed on orientation at the Reception and Diagnostic room/ Orientation Room
TC program:
- The rules and norms of the community
- TC concepts, written and unwritten philosophy
- The staff and the members of the community
- The tools of the house
- Job functions and TC hierarchy
• He is then assigned a static group and a big brother who will provide him with support
• Resident is handled gently (expected to commit mistakes in the process of learning the
program.
• Sanctions on negative behavior are usually light with emphasis on teaching.
P R I M A RY T R E AT M E N T
• Treatment proper.
• Starting as a crew member of the Housekeeping department until he gradually ascends in the
hierarchy.
He must be knowledgeable on the following:
• Proper use of the different tools to address personal issues and concerns and shape behavior
• Managing own feelings and learning how to express self appropriately
• Learning how to follow the rules and norms of the community
• Maximize participation in activities that are appropriate to the resident’s need for growth
• Learning how to trust the environment by disclosing self to the community and develop
insight in the process
• Developing positive coping skills to deal with difficult life situations
• Enhancing educational and vocational skills to make him productive
• Improve social skills and recognize the importance of other people’s help in shaping behavior
PRE RE-ENTRY
• Resident is expected at this stage to have internalized the TC values and concept to start life afresh.
• However, in the jail setting where entry and release are not within the jail control, residents may not
have reached this phase of treatment before they even leave the jail facility.
• Regardless of the resident’s length of stay, he is expected to undergo this phase prior to release into
society.
• At this phase, the resident is expected to have proven his ability to take on more responsibility hence
needs lesser supervision.
• He is considered a role model in the TC community.
He should focus on the following learning:
• Rebuilding of social and family ties
• Going up the ladder of hierarchy by showing leadership
• Realization of his full potential to be a productive member of society
• Mapping out of plans
RE -E N T RY
• Resident is ready to be released back to society as he has demonstrated adequate self-

control and discipline.
• The inmate is now preparing for his life outside of jail and is focused on making himself
a productive citizen.
• He may start planning for job hunting and rebuilding family ties and relationships.
The resident must focus on the following:
• Transition to life outside of jail.
• Creating a new lifestyle applying the tools and concept of TC.
• Learning positive coping skills to deal with day to day situations.
• Re-establishing and strengthening family ties and support group.
• Reintegration into the mainstream of society.
• Developing realistic and attainable goals in life.
AFTERCARE
• Aftercare is an outpatient program that requires clients to report twice a week

to an outreach center. They are required to attend group sessions to ensure
their adjustment to life outside jail to reduce recidivism. For clients released
from jail, they are referred to the Parole and Probation Administration and
Local Government Units for follow up and aftercare. The clients are focused
on the following:
• Maintaining positive behavior and prevent recidivism
• Strengthening coping mechanism
• Maintaining relationships and support mechanism
• Sustaining interest in job or vocation to maintain livelihood
• Integration into society
EMOTIONAL,
PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASPECTS OF
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
Emotional, Psychological Aspects of
Therapeutic Community

1.Emotional and Psychological
components of Therapeutic Community
2.Importance of Counseling, Theory of
Counseling and Practice
INTRODUCTION
• BJMP residents who are detained are basically psychologically and
emotionally challenged. They share one thing in common, that is being
incarcerated with uncertainties as to the outcome of their individual
cases. They feel isolated, helpless and at times hopeless brought about
by separation from their loved ones and society in general and all other
issues that confront them while incarcerated. Such emotional turmoil
needs to be addressed to help them bounce back and experience a life of
normalcy despite their unique situation. The TCMP provides activities
and services that cater to this particular need. This topic tackles the
discussion on the therapeutic value of processing of feelings which
does not only lie on how freely one expresses them but more so on the
person’s ability to identify, acknowledge, and express them
appropriately.
 INITIAL INTERVIEW/ INTAKE INTERVIEW
 INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING/ ONE TO ONE COUNSELING
 GROUPS
*Static Group
*Peer Confrontation Group
*Secrets
*Encounter Group
*Extended Group
 SPECIALIZED GROUPS
*Women’s Group
*Men’s Group
*Anger Management
*Loss and Bereavement
*Medication Support Group
IMPORTANC
E OF
COUNSELLI
NG
COUNSELING
• It is defined as a professional activity of
helping individuals, groups or
communities enhance or restore their
capacity for psychological, emotional
and social functioning and creating an
environment favorable for the attainment
of these goals.
Psychosocial Skills and Characteristics of
Counseling:
*Empathy
*Warmth
*Respect
*Congruence
*Confidentiality
Empathy
• is the ability to perceive the client’s feelings and to
demonstrate accurate perception of the client.
• It is merely “putting oneself in the client’s shoes”. When
the client feels understood, a sense of trust or “rapport”
is developed.
• Rapport paves the way to a more meaningful
communication and may enable the client to understand
and accept more of his or her complexity of feelings.
Warmth
• is also called “unconditional positive
regard”.
• It involves accepting and caring about the
client as a person, regardless of any
evaluation or prejudices on the client’s
behavior or thoughts.
• It is most often conveyed through our non-
verbal behavior or bodily gestures.
Respect
• is our belief in the client’s ability to make appropriate
decisions and deal appropriately with his or her life situation,
when given a safe and supportive environment in which to do
so.
• It is often showed best by not offering advice or cheap
comfort. The counselor shows his utmost respect to the client
by listening in silence and giving him the opportunity to design
his own solutions to the problem. A similar term for this is
“empowerment” as the counselor likewise demonstrates that
he values the integrity of the client.

Congruence
• or genuineness is being honest and
authentic in dealing with the client.
• It is showing real concern rather than
focusing on techniques during sessions. It is
also being aware of the counselor’s own
unmet needs and how it may affect his
relationship with the client.
Confidentiality
• means that anything discussed during
counseling sessions is held absolutely
private and not to be discussed anywhere.
• This contract should be held sacred so as
to maintain the client’s trust and enable
him to disclose sensitive matters to the
counselor without fear of any breach of
confidentiality.
Pattern of Counseling Session:
1.Introduction: First 10 minutes
 Greet the client warmly.
 Smile and shake hands.
 Escort to the counseling room.
 Explain how the session is going to be to
alleviate fears.
 This is the time to develop rapport.
 Assure client on confidentiality.
2. Information gathering: About 20 minutes
 Know the reason for consultation.
 Client can start anywhere.
 Counselor may take notes.
 Client needs to do almost all of the talking.
 Counselor may ask open questions or use
techniques like clarifying, rephrasing, focusing,
reflecting, reality testing, etc.
3. Discussion/ Counselor Input:
 Counselor tells the client what he thinks the client is
saying.
 Counselor develops a list of concerns.
 Client would concur or not to the counselor’s
understanding.
 Prioritize problems and which one to work on first.
 Client will provide plans of action to work on specific
problem.
 Counselor will assist in mapping out plans.
4. Conclusion:
 Motivate the client that “he can do it”. If not, he
may need to be referred to a Professional.
 Brief client on what to expect the next session
(progress based on plan of action).
 End session on a positive note.
 Client should be able to list down things that
he has to look forward to over the next few
days. If not, this is a red flag for suicide.
When to break Confidentiality?
1.Children are being neglected or
abused
2.Appearance in court as a witness
3.Client expressed plan to commit
suicide
4.Client expressed plan to harm others

INITIAL INTERVIEW/ INTAKE INTERVIEW
• TCMP participants in jail are unique as they are not necessarily
drug users.
• TCMP is introduced as a program for the development of
inmates while they are awaiting trial. The intake interview in the
jail setting is done by a Counselor to newly admitted residents.
• The main purpose is to elicit information about the resident
and provide information about the program and what the
expectations are on both parties. Full and honest disclosure is
expected on the resident to elicit adequate and elaborate
information and come up with the proper treatment plan.
Objectives:
1. To elicit information and foster trust and confidence between the
resident and the personnel in-charge by using the intake interview
form.
2. To provide the residents with the necessary information about the
program.
Indicators:
3. Established rapport
4. Established openness and cooperation
5. Developed insight
6. Expectations expressed and information provided
Participants: Newly committed residents, Counselor
Duration: 1 hour
Procedure:
1.After the booking procedure, the Counselor/IWDO will
conduct the initial intake interview to the newly
committed residents using the intake interview form.
• This is done only in a designated area and one resident
at a time.

Counselling
Theory
and
Practice
ONE TO ONE COUNSELLING/INDIVIDUAL
COUNSELING
Objectives:
1. To promote individual explorations and help surface complicated
and troubled feelings among the residents.
2. To provide a regular source of counseled guidance to residents.
3. To assist the residents to develop better coping skills and
improve self-esteem.
To explore the different psychological tools which promote the
development of insight and increase self-efficacy among the
residents.
Indicators:
1.Self-understanding
2.Established rapport
3.Achieved a bigger, wider level of self-awareness.
4.Experienced relief from emotional distress.
Duration and Frequency: One to two hours per
session/depending upon the needs as designed by the
counselor.
Participants: Counselor and resident
Procedure:
1. Individual counseling is a helping tool between the residents and
counselor. Residents are usually referred to the counselor as
needed by peers or staff based on the residents’ behavior.
2. The counselor uses different techniques and methods in
counseling.
3. The resident discusses different issues which causes his/her
difficulties.
4. Follow-up sessions will be done depending upon the needs of
the resident.
5. The length of the sessions will be determined by the progress of
the resident.
GROUP COUNSELING
Objectives:
1. To provide support to residents who fall behind and raise awareness about
problematic behaviors.
2. To help solve and overcome the problem.
3. To impart to residents the practice of TC norms and values.
4. To develop awareness and insight into one’s motives, feelings, and
behavior.

Indicators:
5. Encouraged commitments
6. Problems addressed
7. Developed sense of belongingness
STATIC GROUPS
• The Static Group is a permanent group of peers and leaders
that meet regularly while the residents are in treatment. It is a
sort of “home” group who provides support for one another and
to the new members of the community. This is designed to
provide a forum for self-expression and disclosure. It is usually
facilitated by senior members of the group. It focuses on group
relationship and patterns of behavior.
Duration/ Frequency: one hour/once a week
Participants: 10-15 residents, Counselor
Procedure:
1. Once a resident enters the jail, he/she is assigned to a particular Static group.
It serves as a permanent group that addresses the general issues in
treatment.
2. It utilizes confrontation from peers to evoke changes in behavior though the
group is primarily supportive. The group provides immediate support to new
members of the community
3. Each resident member is encouraged in expressing and disclosing personal
issues and concerns and receives feedbacks from the other members.
Violence and threat of violence are prohibited.
4. For each session the group may discuss any topic of desire or may follow
certain themes for a more systematic flow of discussion.
5. By using confrontation, identification, support, affirmation and giving
feedback, residents learn and practice the TC norms and values.

6. The residents are oriented to new and positive coping styles
which they can utilize to live a new lifestyle and attain personal
growth and better relationships.
7. When their emotional needs and problems are properly
addressed, their positive behaviors and attitudes emerge and they
will eventually feel better about themselves.
8. Focuses on the issues of the “here and now”. Personal
disclosure of the past is allowed if it affects the present.
Confidentiality is strictly observed.
9. The static group does away with negative socialization and
employs positive re-socialization through a caring relationship with
peers.
PEER CONFRONTATION GROUP
• The group participants in Peer Confrontation group are selected by
the staff and group according to peers like adult members will go
with the same date of entry in the facility and same goes with the
middle and young members.
• It is done in a more compassionate way where each resident try to
help one another. Participants confront each other on what they do
for themselves while in the facility and ask how they are coping with
it.
• Duration/ frequency: one hour/ twice a month
• Participants: 10-15 residents, Coordinator
Procedure:
1. Participants will sit in a circle position.
2. Staff may sit just outside the circle or there may be no staff.
3. There is no particular order of speaking. It is conventional and free – wheeling.
4. Participants may start with a prayer.
5. Participants may then say “What do you say about me? Or Please give me a
feedback on my progress here “or how do you see me?
6. Any of the other participants may give an honest, straight-forward feedback.
Tone and feeling should be proportionate to the issue.
7. Peer confrontation is done in a compassionate way where each resident try to
help one another and identify certain issues which could be a hindrance to his
recovery.
8. At the end of the sharing, the resident is asked a commitment about issue that
he feels uncomfortable dealing with.

SECRETS
• Secrets are a group activity where participants are given
the opportunity to unload emotional baggage and thus
experience freedom from internal psychological conflicts.
• It promotes trust among the participants knowing that
each will reveal his utmost secrets to the group. It also
aims to deepen mutual respect among the participants.
• Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month
• Participants: Staff, 10-12 residents
Procedure:
1. Form a group of 10-12 residents, preferably of variedly different
persons.
2. Each one is instructed to go to a place where they can be alone
and free from distractions.
3. In a piece of paper, the resident will write a letter to himself about
an event in his life which he has been keeping as a deep secret
because it has caused a lot of pain, guilt, shame or anxiety.
4. The letter is written as if he is addressing it to somebody and could
start as “Dear friend”. He should not state his name or any name
and place which could lead the group as to the writer. He may write
it in a way that would not give away any hint. This is done for 30
minute.
5. The group then converges and all the rolled letters will be placed in a bag.
The residents will be seated in a circle. The first one will be asked to pick up
a letter and read it aloud to everyone as if he is reading his own letter. The
rest will provide advice, moral support, motivation or encouragement to the
reader. No criticisms or negative comments are encouraged.
6. The facilitator admonishes the participants to refrain from curiously trying
to find out the owner of the letters. Everyone is likewise admonished to keep
the discussions strictly confidential.
7. After all the letters were read, the facilitator will do a brief processing
focusing on the feelings of the participants and how it affected each one of
them. The group may choose to pray as a closing ritual.
8. Before the group adjourns, the facilitators collects the letters and burn
them in a clay bag or garbage bin as a symbolic ritual of letting go of all the
hurts and pains and not allowing them to hinder their future growth.
ENCOUNTER GROUPS
The Encounter Group serves as a “safety valve” within the community which is
usually high pressured and structured. It is a forum for members of the community to
verbally express pent-up or negative emotions within a structured and safe
environment without resorting to violence or aggression and without fear of reprisal.
There are strict behavioral norms and rules observed during an encounter group
such as no violence or threat of violence, no attack on personal dignity, speak only
for oneself and remain seated at all times. The language used in expressing their
feelings is seldom restricted though in the Filipino culture, use of foul language is
avoided to prevent harboring of negative feelings from the receiver. The primary goal
of an encounter group is to raise awareness of behaviors and explore the underlying
feelings that led to such negative emotions.
Duration/ frequency: 1- 1 1/2 hours/ once or twice a week
Participants: Counselor, 2 co-facilitators, 8-10 residents
Procedure:
1. A resident may drop a slip on another resident stating his name, the
name of the person he is dropping a slip and the reason for dropping the
slip. Only feelings of hurt, anger and concern can be reasons for
encounter.
2. The staff will choose his co-facilitators who are also staff members.
Once he has gathered 2 or 3 slips, he may schedule an encounter
group.
3. The facilitator will arrange the group in a circle in such a way that the
two parties involved are seated opposite each other. The facilitator
should be able to guide the flow of conversation and should be skilled
enough to interrupt anytime he feels that the safety of the group is being
compromised.
4. The flow of the encounter should pass through the four (4) phases:
a) Confrontation:
• This phase involves verbalization of concerns or honest disclosure of emotions
that has been provoked during interpersonal interactions with another resident.
Regardless of the cathartic nature of expression, the rules of the encounter
group should always be respected.
• The focus should always be about how one feels because of the behavior of
the other. There should never be any attack on one’s persona but rather on
his/her behavior.
• Each should be allowed to express himself before a rebuttal is allowed. Name-
calling and other hostile languages may not resolve the problem and may even
heighten the animosity between both parties. This phase consist mainly of
exchange of verbal expressions of emotions as a way of release.
b) Exploration:
• In this phase, all the feelings that were expressed are further
examined and explored and find out how it could have resulted
in such way in order to evoke awareness on the connection of
behavior, feelings and attitude.
• In this phase, blaming or finger pointing at one party is avoided.
It will only cause resentment form one party.
• This phase hopes to enhance the insight of both parties and
encourage ownership of one’s mistake and take accountability
for his/her actions. It gives both parties the opportunity to
examine themselves in relation to their conflict with the other
party.
c) Resolution and Commitment:
• After some realizations and attaining some insights into
their behaviors, the residents are now ready to move to the
last phase to practice new behaviors.
• From the feedbacks received, the resident involved will
now express how he feels about the whole thing and may
own up his behavior which has caused the conflict.
• He then goes on to make commitments to avoid such
occurrence in the future. Such commitment made by the
residents will be monitored to make sure that they are
being put to practice to avoid lapses.
d) Socialization:
• This is a structured social event where all those
involved in an encounter will have sufficient time to
mend fences with those they have offended or hurt in
the past.
• The purpose is to achieve closure, reaffirm
relationship and maintain the unity of the community
so that all those involved can move on and leave the
past behind.
EXTENDED GROUP
• The Extended Groups (Probe, Marathon) are usually composed of
5-12 residents and is being facilitated by 2 highly trained staff
members.
• It may last for 8-72 hours. The participants must have at least 4
months in the program and have shown adequate stability before
he can be included in the activity. It is a potentially intimate and
intense session which needs a significant amount of preparation.
• It focuses on the “here and now” but allows a deeper exploration of
issues that affects new behavior. Special subjects may be the
focus such as sexuality, trauma, etc.
SPECIALIZED GROUPS
Objectives:
1. To provide group support with the aim of resolving problems and restoring healthy functioning
of the residents who has particular concerns/issues.
2. To create a feeling of universality among residents who have similar issues or life
experiences.
3. To explore issues based on certain themes as a guide.
4. To provide a safe environment where residents can freely express their feelings and
concerns.

Indicators:
5. Enhanced coping skills
6. Release of inner feelings

LOSS AND BEREAVEMENT

Duration/frequency: one hour once a week
Participants: 10 – 15 residents
Procedure:
1. Facilitator is knowledgeable in conducting the sessions and
managing the time.
2. The group is very supportive and compassionate.
3. Facilitator discusses the process of grieving and the impact of
losses, mad feeling, attitudes and behavior derived from the loss of
a loved one.
4. Counselor gives some suggestions on how they would handle the
situation appropriately when there was another similar situation.
5. At the last sessions, each participant was required to write a letter
to someone or a buddy to tell about the past and what they will do
in the future regarding losses.
WOMEN’S GROUP
Duration/ frequency: one hour once a week/ might last for six sessions
Participants: 8-15 residents, Counselor
Procedure:
1. Held once a week and run by TC personnel. It provides an opportunity for all
female residents to share and discuss their feelings on women’s issues:
family, relationship, self-identity, self-image, societal role and reproductive
issues.
2. Issues to be tackled are gender specific problems and aims to help female
residents identify their challenges and needs.
3. Residents are helped to explore and understand the relationship between
women’s issues and their influences on them. It enhances self-understanding
among women.
4. They can also help each other through mutual support and concern.
MEN’S GROUP
Duration/ frequency: 1 hour once a week
Participants: 8-15 residents, counselor
Procedure:
1. Topics include expression of feeling, reveal of true self, dealing with
feeling and how to avoid abusive relationship, family conflicts,
sexuality and sexual relationships.
2. Group sessions enabled each of them to identify, express the
feeling related to the trauma and lessons learned from those
experiences.
3. The counselor who raised the issue will be the one to conduct it.
MEDICATION SUPPORT GROUP
Duration/ frequency: as long as the residents are on medication
Participants: Residents on medications and Jail health personnel
Procedure:
1. Counselor holds the group once a week who are on medical and psychiatric
medication.
2. Group members are educated on different kinds of medical and psychiatric
problems and its effects.
3. Sharing on the intake of medicines and its side effects of taking it.
4. Cohesiveness is enhanced.
5. Share and discuss how to face their difficulties, coping with the disease and
problems encountered while they are on medications.
ANGER MANAGEMENT
Duration/ frequency: 1 ½ hour for 6 weeks/as needed/curriculum-based
Participants: 10-15 residents
Procedure:
1. Facilitated by a counselor.
2. Questionnaires are provided to the residents to answer how they demonstrated
their anger before they came for treatment and while in the facility and how
they go through it.
3. Participants are selected based on interview and attitude showed while in
treatment.
4. The group is an avenue for the residents to know their anger feelings and
acquire new knowledge and information on how to deal with their feelings on
different situation and personalities.
PRE-RELEASE INTERVIEW
Objectives:
1. To ensure that the resident to be released is/are well-prepared to face new
challenges in the community upon their reintegration into the mainstream of
society.
2. To assess the various potentials of the resident which he can utilize to be a
productive citizen upon his release from the jail.
3. To assess the effectiveness of the interventions provided and determine what
improvements or changes that need to be done.
Indicators:
4. Residents prepared for their reintegration into the mainstream of society.
5. Changes in behavior noted
6. Recommendations provided
7. Concrete goals established22
Participants: Resident/s to be released from jail, IWDO, Admin and
OD
Duration: 1 hour
Procedure:
1. IWDO should coordinate with the Paralegal Officer to monitor the
status of the case of the residents.
2. If possible, immediate member of the family is/are present before
the residents will be released from jail.
3. Do a pre-release interview to conduct an assessment of the
resident’s potentials and map out plans after his release from jail.
4. IWD should coordinate with service providers for his/her referral for
aftercare.
•
1. Emotional and Psychological components of Therapeutic Community

2. Importance of Counseling
• Counselling Theory and Practice
• 1. Emotional and Psychological components of Therapeutic Community

• 2. Importance of Counseling
• 3. Counselling Theory and PracticeSummarize the psychological components of therapeutic community.
• 2. Discuss the importance of counselling.
• 3. Discuss the different counseling theories and practices

Therapeuti C Modalities: Prepared By: John Patrick B. de Jesus

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THERAPEUTI

• It is the process of re-educating and retraining those who

• A therapeutic community treatment

• The therapeutic community program is a positive environment for learning how to be

• No escape or attempts to escape.

The therapeutic community program

• Help yourself/help each other • Maintain accurate records

Help yourself/help each other

Learn and model pro-social values

Respect staff as rational authorities

Therapeutic peer reprimand

What is the meaning of this Philosophy?

What is the overall concept of the TC program?

STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF

BOD GROUNDS AND MAINTENANCE

VISITATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT CHIEF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT

ALS CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW

STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF

BOD GROUNDS AND MAINTENANCE

VISITATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT CHIEF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT

ALS CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW

STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF

CREW CREW CREW EXPEDITERS CREW CREW UTILITY

• Series of examination to determine his physical, social and psychological status.

• Resident is ready to be released back to society as he has demonstrated adequate self-

• Aftercare is an outpatient program that requires clients to report twice a week

• The Behavior Management is a component of Therapeutic Community

• Pre-Morning Meeting is done early in the morning prior to the Morning

• Morning Meeting is a daily ritual that starts the day in a TC facility.

Rules are set such as:

a. Opening Prayer (Ecumenical)

h. News casting (Local, Nat’l, International, Sports

 During a “Talk To”, the resident is made aware of his/her

(Sinu-sino sa ating mga kapatid na naririto ang hindi nagbuhos ng

• A panel of three (3)

Peer Senior Friend

 This is done to induce anxiety and eventually change the person’s

Senior Dep’t Big

Prepared by: John Patrick B. De Jesus

• It is the process of re-educating and retraining those who

• A therapeutic community treatment

• The therapeutic community program is a positive environment for learning how to be

• No escape or attempts to escape.

The therapeutic community program

• Help yourself/help each other • Maintain accurate records

Help yourself/help each other

Learn and model pro-social values

Respect staff as rational authorities

Therapeutic peer reprimand

What is the meaning of this Philosophy?

What is the overall concept of the TC program?

STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF

BOD GROUNDS AND MAINTENANCE

VISITATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT CHIEF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT

ALS CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW

STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF

BOD GROUNDS AND MAINTENANCE

VISITATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT CHIEF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT

ALS CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW