Forensic

Chemistry
and
Toxicology
Lecture 1

Prepared by: John Patrick De

CHAPTER II: Preservation and
Safekeeping of Evidence

 Guidelines in the proper preservation and safek

eeping of evidence.
Guidelines in the proper preservation and safek
eeping of evidence.

• Proper chain of custody should be observed.

• All examined pieces of evidence shall be personally
turned over by the examiner in case to the evidence
custodian.
Note: No examiners shall keep in their possession evidence once examined.
• Evidence shall be properly placed in suitable dry
containers for proper preservation and should placed
inside the concrete evidence room

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Guidelines in the proper preservation and safek
eeping of evidence.

• Firearms evidence shall be kept in a separate evidence

room especially designed for the purpose.
• However, hazardous evidence such as explosives and
other inflammable evidence are photographed after
examination with its corresponding case number before
turning it over to Explosive Ordinance Disposal Unit
(EODU) with proper receipt of safekeeping or proper
disposal.

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 CHAPTER III: Development of scientific
crime laboratory in the Philippines

Important dates in the development of Scientific c

rime laboratory in the Philippines
Important dates in the development of Scientifi
c crime laboratory in the Philippines

• Feb 14, 1829 – group of public-minded individuals established

scientific crime laboratory in Chicago (Historical accounts of
police science)
• March 31, 1876 – Creation of “Medicos Titulare” by virtue of
Royal decree no. 188 of Spain for every province, Forensic
Physician was assigned to perform public sanitary duties and provide
medico-legal aids to the administration of justice.

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Important dates in the development of Scientifi
c crime laboratory in the Philippines

• Dec 15, 1884– created a committee to study the mineral

waters of Luzon and appointed as Chemist.
• Sept 13, 1887 – Establishment of “Laboratorio Municipal De
Manila” under the inspection of the Gobierno De Provincials”.
• Function:
• To make analysis not only of food, water and others from the
standpoint of public health and legal medicine and also
specimens for clinical purposes.

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Important dates in the development of Scientifi
c crime laboratory in the Philippines

• 1894 – Creation of “Laboratorio Medico-legal)” under the dependency

of judicial branch of the government and the laboratory functioning
under the direction of physician and assisted by a pharmacist-chemist.
• 1895 – Clinical laboratory was established by Antonio Luna were some
original works in chemistry were done.
• (All prospects of scientific laboratories were paralyzed as a result of
the revolution in 1986.
• 1899 – L. Richard Polk Strong of US army was in charge in first
scientific laboratory in a small building on the banks of Pasig River.

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Important dates in the development of Scientifi
c crime laboratory in the Philippines

• 1901 – Actual scientific work began under the initiative of Dean C.

Worcester by virtue of Act no. 156 approved by the civil commission.
• July 01, 1901 - the Bureau of government laboratories was created for
the purpose of performing biological and chemical examinations as
well as for the production of vaccines and sera.
• March 11, 1915 –the Department of Legal Medicine was created
pursuant to the resolution of the board of Regents.
• The department took charge of the course of legal medicines and its
branches in the college of Medicine and Law.

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Important dates in the development of Scientifi
c crime laboratory in the Philippines

• October 14, 1924 – Trough the passage of Act no. 3043 by the
Philippine Legislature, the same department of legal medicine became
a branch of the Department of Justice and at the same time an integral
part of the University of the Philippines.
• December 01, 1937 - The “ Division of Investigation” was created
under the Commonwealth act of No. 181 with two medico-legal
officers and a chemist.
• The Medico-Legal section of the Division of Investigation started the
definite movement towards the creation of the scientific crime
detection laboratory.

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Important dates in the development of Scientifi
c crime laboratory in the Philippines

• September 1935 – The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) was

organized with the division of investigation as the nucleus.
• The medico-legal Section was expanded into Forensic Chemistry
Division.

• At present, we have the:

• Philippine National Police (PNP) Crime Laboratory
• The national Bureau of Investigation (NBI) Laboratory.

• Crime Laboratory – (Forensic Laboratory) – where analyses are

performed on evidence generated by crimes or, sometimes civil
infractions.

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Thank you for
listening.

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