Principles of

Medical Laboratory
Science 1

Rochelle D. Darlucio, RMT

College of Medical Laboratory Science
Our Lady of Fatima University - Valenzuela
OLFU CORE VALUES
OLFU Core Values and Graduate Attributes
A – Aspires to do his Best
C – Credible and Compassionate
H – Hardworking and Honorable
I – Inspiration to Others
E– Efficient, Effective and Ethical
V – Visionary
E – Entrepreneurial, Employable and Excellent
Work Habits
R – Responsible
PROGRAM VISION

The College of Medical

Laboratory Science envisions
itself to be the premier
institution in the provision of
quality medical laboratory
science education, research
and practice by 2025.
PROGRAM MISSION

The College of Medical Laboratory

Science aims to provide quality
educational program that embodies
excellence in laboratory science for
the development of globally
competitive, compassionate and
highly-skilled medical laboratory
scientists through competent
educators and state of the art
laboratory equipment and facilities.
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

A graduate of BS Medical Laboratory Science is expected to:

1. Demonstrate competence in the performance of clinical

laboratory tests in aid of diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and
management of diseases.

2. Commitment to lifelong learning through continuing education.

3. Exhibit an attitude of professionalism and leadership in

collaboration with other disciplines and membership in professional
organization.

4. Appreciate the need for research and community services to

develop knowledge of health, disease, healthcare management and
education.
 Principles of
Medical Laboratory
Science 1
Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1 (MLSP111)

• First year, first semester

• 3 units lecture (3 hours per week)

• This course is designed to introduce to students the fundamental

principles and concepts of Medical Technology education and
profession clinical laboratory and pathology services, clinical
laboratory biosafety, risk assessment and waste management
practices.
• Professional practice issues and the historical foundations of the
profession are also discussed.
STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, the student must be able to:

1. Explain the duties, responsibilities and accountabilities of a Medical Technologist /
Medical Laboratory Scientist in a clinical laboratory setting as well as in other fields of professional
practices;
2. Appreciate the development of the medical technology education and the practice;
3. Apply the principles and applications of laboratory safety and waste management in
clinical laboratory practice;
4. Understand the organization, functions of and working environment of a Medical
Technologist/Clinical Laboratory Scientist
5. Demonstrate professional values and ethics necessary in the day-to-day practice of the
profession.
6. Develop a culture of life-long learning.
History of Medical
Technology
Profession
LESSON INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES :

At the end of the lesson, the student shall be able to:

• Discuss the history of medical technology on a global context.
• Discuss the history of medical technology in the United States.
• Discuss the history of medical technology in the Philippines.
• Identify important personalities that played a significant role in
the progress of medical technology profession.
• Discuss the historical milestones in Medical Technology
Definition of Medical Technology

Medical Technology defined:

By Heinemann:
• Application of principles of natural, physical and biological
sciences.
• Performance of laboratory procedures
• Diagnosis and treatment of diseases

By Anna Fagelson:
• Performance of laboratory determinations and analyses
• Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
• Maintenance of health
By Walters
• Health profession concerned with performing laboratory
analyses
•Obtaining information necessary in the diagnosis and
treatment of disease
•Maintenance of good health
According to “The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969
(RA 5527)”

• “Medical technology is an auxiliary branch of

laboratory medicine which deals with the
examination by various chemical, microscopic,
bacteriologic, and other medical procedures,
techniques which will aid the physician in the
diagnosis, study and treatment of disease and in
the promotion of health in general.”
HISTORY OF MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY

• 1500 B.C.

• Intestinal parasites such as Taenia and Ascaris were

mentioned in early writings.
• Ebers Papyrus
• Book for treatment of diseases
containing description of the
three stages of hookworm
infection (Vivian Herrick)
• 300 B.C - Hippocrates

• “Father of Medicine”
• Advocated the use of “mind and
senses” as diagnostic tools.
• Described 4 humors or body fluids in
the human body (blood, yellow bile,
black bile, phlegm)
• Associated the appearance of
bubbles on the surface of urine to
kidney disease and chronic illness
• Around 50 A.D. – Rufus of Ephesus

• Made the first description of hematuria

as the presence of blood in the urine

• Middle Ages
• Diagnosis by “water
casting” was popularized.
• 1096-1438 (Medieval period)
• Quacks reaped fortunes from
diagnosing disease by the
appearance of the urine.
(Ruth Williams)

• Hindu doctors made the

scientific observation that the
urine of certain individuals
attracted ants and that such
urine has a sweetish taste.
• 14th Century
• Italian physician at the University of Bologna employed
Alexandra Giliani to perform certain tasks which would now
be considered those of the medical technologist.
• She was an anatomist, serving as the first woman pro-sector
or preparer of dissections for anatomical study.
• Unfortunately, this young lady died of laboratory acquired
infection
• 17th century (1632-1723)

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

invented and improved
the compound
microscope.
• He was the first to
describe the red blood
cells, to see protozoa,
and to classify bacteria
according to shape.
Frederick Dekkers

• Observed that proteins in

the urine precipitated
when boiled with acetic
acid.
• 1628-1694 – Marcello Malphigi

• Described as the “greatest” of the early microscopist.

• He was also the “Founder of Pathology” because of
his contributions in the field of embryology and
anatomy.
1847- Rudolf Virchow
• Practiced pathology
• He was the founder of the Archives of pathology in Berlin,
Germany.

1848 – Hermann von Fehling

• Performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar.

19th century
• production of aniline dyes which is used in staining bacteria
for microscopy.
• Era of public health
1861- Louis Pasteur
• Discovered the concepts of
aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
• Discovered that wine spoiling due
to microbes could be prevented
by partial heat sterilization
(pasteurization) at a temperature
of 55̊̊C – 60̊̊C.
• Developed a vaccine against
anthrax in 1881.
Robert Koch
• Formulated the Koch’s postulates
• Specificity of a pathogen can be established if:
• 1. It is present in all cases
• 2. Inoculations of its pure culture produce disease in
animals
• 3. From these cultures, it can again be obtained
• 4. Then it can again be propagated in pure cultures
The History of Medical
Technology in the United states

The first chemical laboratory related to medicine

was established at the University of Michigan by
Dr. Douglas.

• He pioneered laboratory instruction in this well-

equipped laboratory.
1878, Dr. William H. Welch
• Established another laboratory at the Bellevue Hospital
Medical College.
• He gave the first laboratory course in Pathology ever
offered in an American Medical School.

• 1885, Dr. William H. Welch

• Became the first professor of pathology at the John Hopkins
University
1896, Dr. William Osler
• First clinical laboratory opened at the John Hopkins Hospital
• Routine examination were carried out
• Special attention being given to the search for malarial parasites in
blood.

1896,
• Another clinical laboratory was also opened at the University of
Pennsylvania
• William Pepper Laboratory
1908- Dr. James C. Todd

• Wrote the book “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis”.

• It was retitled “Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory
Methods” in its 6th edition by Dr. Todd and Dr. Arthur
Sanford.
• This book became the standard reference for
laboratories.
1919 census,
• 100 technicians, all male employed in the United States.
• This increased to 3,500 in 1920.
• In 1922, 3,035 hospitals had clinical laboratories.

1915,
• The state legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all
hospitals and institutions to have an adequate laboratory and to
employ a full time laboratory technician.
1922, University of Minnesota-
• One of the first school to train laboratory workers.
• A course bulletin was titled “ Courses in Medical
Technology for Clinical and laboratory Technicians.

1923, University of Minnesota

• first to offer a degree level program.
1940
• United States required a 2 year collegiate education and a
twelve-month actual training in the laboratory for the
preparation of its practice.

1950,
• Standard curriculum was formalized in preparation for a
Bachelor of Science degree.
The History of Medical
Technology in the Philippines

• 6th Infantry Division of the U.S Army –

introduced the Medical technology
• First clinical laboratory: 208 Quiricada St., Sta
Cruz Manila

• October 1, 1945 – Dr. Alfredo Pio De Roda

• Reorganized the deserted laboratory
• Supported by Dr. Mariano Icasiano – Manila City Health
Officer
• The Laboratory was later named Manila Public Health
Laboratory

• Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana – offered a training program to

highschool graduates who were interested to work as medical
technicians (1947)

• 1954- The first four-year Bachelor of Medical Technology

Program was offered by the Philippine Union College and
Manila Sanitarium

• Dr. Jesse Umali- First graduate if the program in the PUC (1956)
• 1957 – University of Santo Tomas offered Medical
Technology as a major in the degree B.S in Pharmacy not B.S
Medical Technology and without the 12-month internship
training

• 1960 – Centro Escolar University (CEU), through the initiative

of President Carmen De Luna and university registrar
Generosa De Leon, delegated dean Purification Suaco to
work for offering the degree B.S. Medical Technology
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