MEMBERS

BAROMA, John Ferdinand

GRPOUP 5 DEMECILLO, Aleli Isabel

DUMAMA, Aizzah Zana

Asynchronous Activity 2
GUIAPAR, Yasmin

MONTERON, Charles
 A. The religion’s concept of good

Buddhism is one of the world’s biggest religions and started 2,500 a long time prior in India.
Buddhists accept that human life is one of enduring, which reflection, otherworldly and physical labor,
By: Monteron, and great behavior are the ways to realize enlightenment, or nirvana.
Charles

B. The religion’s concept of evil

Buddhists don't accept that human creatures are fiendish, but they for the most part
acknowledge that people endure through their ravenousness, outrage and obliviousness.

C. The religion’s relationship with politics

Buddhism was “a particularly a-political and anti-political status religion.” In spite of the fact
that the superseding objective of Buddha’s lessons is the freedom of people from unavoidable
enduring, Buddha considered legislative issues as vital, not so much for its inherent esteem, but since
it made an outside environment that can encourage or obstruct an individual’s interest of joy,
characterized as otherworldly progression and accomplishment of shrewdness approximately the
genuine nature of oneself and the world.

D. The religion’s future in the Globalized world

The number of Buddhists around the world is anticipated to extend between 2010 and 2030,
rising from 488 million to approximately 511 million. In any case, the worldwide Buddhist populace is
anticipated to decrease after 2030, falling to 486 million by 2050, generally where it was in 2010.45
Projected Compound Yearly Development Rates for Buddhists Between Five-Year Periods During the
same period, the world’s population is anticipated to extend significantly. As a result, the rate of the
world’s populace that's Buddhist is estimated to diminish from almost 7% in 2010 to 5% in 2050.

o How Globalization affected Buddhism’s belief and practices

Buddhist reactions to a run of issues counting reparations and helpful equity, financial
disparity, otherworldly existence and political activism, social homogenization and skepticism, and
women's activist study. In brief, the book looks to bring Buddhist thoughts and hones into coordinate
and significant, however basic, engagement with both the truths and speculations of globalization.
 By: Dumama, Aizzah Zane
HISTORY
Islam is the second largest religion in the
world after Christianity, with about 1.8
billion Muslims worldwide. Although its
roots go back further, scholars typically
date the creation of Islam to the 7th
century, making it the youngest of the
major world religions. Islam started in
Mecca, in modern-day Saudi Arabia,
during the time of the prophet
Muhammad’s life. Today, the faith is
spreading rapidly throughout the world.
The word “Islam” means “submission to
the will of God.” and the followers of Islam
are called Muslims. Muslims are
monotheistic and worship one, all-
knowing God, who in Arabic is known as
Allah. Followers of Islam aim to live a life of
complete submission to Allah. They
believe that nothing can happen without
ISLAM SYMBOLS Allah’s permission, but humans have free
will. Islam teaches that Allah’s word was
As in many religions, there is no single image or symbol of Islam that is universally revealed to the
accepted by all Muslims worldwide. prophet Muhammad through the angel
Gabriel. Muslims believe several prophets
The crescent moon and star has been adopted in some predominantly Muslim were sent to teach Allah’s law. They
countries as a symbol of Islam, though the crescent moon and star image is respect some of the same prophets
as Jews and Christians, including Abraham,
believed to pre-date Islam and was originally a symbol of the Ottoman Empire.
Moses, Noah and Jesus. Muslims contend
In some other applications, such as the International Red Cross and Red that Muhammad was the final prophet.
Crescent humanitarian aid movement, a red crescent indicates that followers of Mosques are places where Muslims
worship. Some important Islamic holy
Islam are respected and treated accordingly.
places include the Kaaba shrine in Mecca,
The color green is also sometimes associated with Islam, as it was reportedly a the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem, and the
Prophet Muhammad’s mosque in Medina.
favorite color of Muhammad's and is often featured prominently in the flags of
The Quran (or Koran) is the major holy text
predominantly Muslim countries. of Islam. The Hadith is another important
book. Muslims also revere some material
FIVE PILLARS found in the Judeo-Christian Bible.
Followers worship Allah by praying and
Muslims follow five basic pillars that are essential to their faith. These reciting the Quran. They believe there will
include: be a day of judgment, and life after death.
A central idea in Islam is “jihad,” which
▪ Shahada: to declare one’s faith in God and belief in Muhammad means “struggle.” While the term has been
▪ Salat: to pray five times a day (at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and used negatively in mainstream culture,
evening) Muslims believe it refers to internal and
▪ Zakat: to give to those in need external efforts to defend their faith.
Although rare, this can include military
▪ Sawm: to fast during Ramadan jihad if a “just war” is needed.
▪ Hajj: to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during a person’s
lifetime if the person is able.
A. The religion’s concept of good
- The Religion of Islam website states that whatever is good and beneficial for mankind is morally
good, and vice versa. According to Islamic sharia, a Muslim is expected to act only in good
manners as bad manners earn vices. The ultimate goal of human life is to become perfected
spiritually through belief in God (iman), the knowledge of God (marifatullah), the love of God
(muhabbatullah), and the worship of God (ibada). Accordingly, whatever brings a person closer
to God and will benefit him in the Next World is good, and whatever takes a person away from
God, and thus incurs His anger is evil. Prophet Muhammad teaches that good is the beautiful
personality and beautiful virtues of a person, while evil is what makes one’s heart uncomfortable,
unhappy, and is that side of a person that they do not want anyone to know about. Islam teaches
that good deeds in this world are like seeds that will be harvested in the Hereafter. Doing good
deeds results from an intention and motivation that causes the action, and therein lies its value.
A seemingly good action, if done for reasons other then pleasing God, may not be valued by God
as a good deed and may not contribute to that person’s rising to the stations of spirituality. Good
deeds done without the intention of pleasing God are most likely motivated by one’s ego.
Therefore, it can be said that belief in God should be strongly located in the heart of a person
when doing good deeds. Only a strong belief in God can guide people toward committing good
deeds.
B. The religion’s concept of evil
- The Qur'an teaches that evil originates from the refusal of Shaytan (Satan/the Devil) to bow
down to Adam when ordered to by Allah . Shaytan is also called Iblis. For his disobedience, Iblis
was cast out of Heaven by Allah. He vowed that in revenge he would spend eternity trying to
tempt humans to do evil. Islam teaches that a knowledge of right and wrong is an essential part
of human nature.Muslim teachings say that individuals should know, without having to be
informed, which actions are evil and will contribute to the suffering of others, and which actions
are good. This inner sense of right and wrong is called fitrah. Muslims believe all human beings
are born with this sense or instinct to live according to the laws of Allah. Most Muslims believe
they have free will in the sense that they are responsible for everything they do in a particular
situation.They must choose between right, using the guidance of Allah, and wrong, following the
temptations of Shaytan. However, most Muslims do not believe they have absolute free will, as
Allah can intervene in their lives at any moment.
C. The religion’s relationship with politics (locally)
- Muslims around the world express broad support for democracy and for people of other faiths
being able to practice their religion freely. At the same time, many Muslims say religious leaders
should influence political matters and see Islamic political parties as just as good or better than
other political parties.Many Muslims express concern about religious extremist groups operating
in their country. On balance, more Muslims are concerned about Islamic than Christian extremist
groups. And while the vast majority of Muslims in most countries say suicide bombing is rarely or
never justified to defend Islam against its enemies, substantial minorities in a few countries
consider such violence justifiable in at least some circumstances. Devout Muslims tend to be
more supportive of religious leaders playing a role in politics. In a number of countries,
particularly in the Middle East and North Africa but also in Southern and Eastern Europe, Muslims
who pray several times a day are more likely than those who pray less frequently to say religious
leaders should have at least some influence on political matters. At a country level, this gap is
especially wide in Lebanon, where Muslims who pray several times a day are nearly four times
more likely than other Muslims (51% vs. 13%) to say religious leaders should play a role in politics.
D. The religion’s future in the globalized world
- the religion as incapable of adapting to a globalized society because Islam instinctively opposes
globalization and the secular values it entails. However, this explorative endeavor favors a
multidimensional rather than polemic approach, one that views the recent Islamic revival, radical
Islamic militants, and the broader return of religion around the globe as critical aspects of
globalization. This investigation does not so much advance a centralized argument as it acts as a
web of possibilities, linking concepts and realities together under a global framework in the hope
of positing a broader appreciation of Islam and its evolution vis-à-vis globalization and the
normative context within which it lies situated. Expressions of Islam function as “means of
disciplining ambiguity, creating boundaries and constituting, producing and maintaining political
identities.” This also applies to expressions against Islam, especially for global chaos theorists and
the intellectual borders they have drawn around globalization that necessarily exclude Islam.
However, as this investigation demonstrated, global chaos views on Islam were inaccurate for
their reliance upon simplified concepts and ideas that were hastily extracted from Islamic texts.
Their blurring of the boundaries between Islam and radical fundamentalism hides the real
distinctions that separate these two traditions. In turn, radical Islam finds itself as one small
element of the Islamic revivalist trend, itself part of the global religious resurgence, which must
be seen within the broader secular-religious divide. At every level of this conceptual chain, the
relations with globalization constitute interdependence and mutual reinforcement rather than
categorical denial and opposition. "Islam will certainly not recede from globalization’s horizons.
It is very much a part of its heritage and future, and therefore a crucial strand in the universe of
possibilities that awaits the globalizing world."
o Explain how globalization affected each religions belief and practices.
Globalization being nothing different or new is a historical reality. Globalization has no new
philosophy, though its manifestations have been transformed with the passage of time. There
are ample of Muslim scholars with the belief that because of globalization, the western culture
has invaded the Muslim culture and society, due to which Muslims beliefs are being manipulated
and so their real identity is getting confiscated. In terms of dressing, It is the representative of
any civilization and exhibits the beliefs along with the thoughts of the inhabitants of any region.
Muslim society of Pakistan has modified its dresses under the influence of the rising wave of
globalization. There should be done an examination on the worldwide similarity index in terms
of critical attention. Exerting personal point of view on others dressing approach and what they
want to wear is an existing complicated issue. Be it modern or western dressing, both belong to
the global garments’ categories, however, people adopt any of these based on what other view
about them, and not what they want. People just focus on copying others rather than paying
attention to what their religious traditions commands them to wear, they just want to intimate
others, no matter what. The way fashion is materialized in the films, videos of music, internet,
television, magazines, and sports are continuously spreading the culture of western nations
across the entire globe, all such elements have been creating a sense of worldwide fashion
around the borders and various cultures.
 By: Demecillo, Aleli Isabel

a. Concept of God b. Concept of Evil

Hindu interpretations of God range from non- The majority of Hindus believe that God does not
dualistic (the universe and the Absolute are not two) to inflict evil on humanity. Evil is a natural element of life; it
qualified non-dualism (the universe is distinct from but occurs as a result of the law of karma.
dependent on God and inseparable from God) to dualistic
(that the universe is both dependent and different from
God). Hindu religions emphasize that God is the source of
all existence and that God pervades all. At the same time,
God transcends and is not constrained by the world.

In Hinduism, God is seen as transcending gender,

capable of taking on both masculine and feminine traits and
forms. Below are the examples of diverse manifestations:

a. Brahma the Creator

b. Vishnu the Preserver

Karma is a Sanskrit word that means "action," and

it is thought to be the law of cause and effect. Every action
a person takes has an effect. Good activities have positive
c. Shiva the Destroyer consequences, whereas poor actions have negative
consequences. Hindus believe that ideas have
consequences. A person's merit is made up of these
Goddesses with female forms include: cumulative consequences. Most Hindus think that much of
their suffering is caused by their own deeds. Previous
a. Lakshmi the Goddess of reasons and deeds must be atoned for. Those around the
Wealth afflicted should constantly respond with compassion and
kindness, or else they would experience 'bad' karmic
consequences too.

The majority of Hindus think that moral evil is caused by

others. They believe that Hindus should treat all living
b. Saraswati the Goddess of
creatures with kindness and nonviolence, which is known
Knowledge
as ahimsa. This entails treating all living creatures and the
world with respect and love, and never harming any being.
Those who intentionally injure others or the Earth will face
karmic consequences, but it is everyone's responsibility to
both challenge such people and assist them 'see the light.'
c. Parvati, the Goddess of
Strength
c. Relationship with Politics
The influence of the Srivijaya and Majapahit
thassalocracies on cultural development is a significant area
of research for scholars of Philippine, Indonesian, and
Southeast Asian history, and it is thought to be the source
of Hindu and Buddhist elements in early Philippine culture,
religion, and language. Because many of these Hindu and
Buddhist components were introduced to early Philippine
cultures through Indianization, the Indonesian
thassalocracies of Srivijaya and Majapahit were referred to
as indianized. It is now known as localization in more recent
studies, as in the localization of Hindu and Buddhist
doctrines, for example. Some academics also consider the
Philippine archipelago, along with Northern Vietnam, in the
Indosphere's further reaches, where Hindu and Buddhist
components were not introduced directly by Indian
travelers.
There is little evidence of direct political or
economic interaction between India and the various polities
of the Philippine archipelago prior to the European colonial
era in the Philippines, according to the most recent
scholarship.
c. The religion’s future in the globalized world
Around the world, Hinduism incorporates aspects
of modernity (dealing with science and technology) and
post-modernity (the erosion of traditional values mostly
due to globalization and cross-cultural influences).
Hindu society continues to urbanize and begins to
influence forms of worship as the impact of globalization
and new technology such as television and the Internet
accelerates, resulting in less segmentation in Hinduism. In a
sense, and perhaps for the first time in history, Hinduism is
becoming a unified religion as a result of the adoption of
pan-India level celebrations and the popularization of
various regional festivals, such as Karwa Chauth, in a more
conventional form in major cities such as New Delhi. In
addition, caste affinities and related orthodox rules are
weakening, and newer sects like as Swaminarayan are
emerging as big showpieces thanks to their architectural
splendor. Naturally, technology aided in the nationalization
of Hindu activities and the familiarization with Hindu gods'
legendary stories.
o How globalization affected each religions belief
and practices.
Hindu society continues to urbanize and begins to
influence forms of worship because of globalization and
new technology such as television and the Internet
accelerates, resulting in less segmentation in Hinduism. It
become a unified religion. But, there are reported record of
great loss in traditions:
- Decline of spiritual sense (dharma) of Hinduism:
lacking an understanding of nature worship, and
associated meanings, messages and contexts of
rituals;
- Using public show and celebrations as expression of
the religion;
- Predominating dogmatic orthodoxy to Hinduism, and
emotionally blackmailing of the innocent-poor
masses;
- The prevalence of superstitions and thereby
marginalizing reasoning and rationality in lack of
insights from science;
- Rising Middle class and their lust for a Western
irresponsible capitalist culture; lack of social
consciousness, self-realization and service to
sufferers, and social services, and
- The threatening pace of religious fanaticism and
fundamentalism.
History:
By: Guiapar, Yasmin

TORAH
The Jewish sacred scripture is called the Tanakh or the “
Hebrew Bible.” It includes the same books as the Old Tes
tament in the Christian Bible, but they’re organized in a s
lightly different sequence.

The Torah—the first five books of the Tanakh

outlines commandments for Jews to observe. The Pentat
euch is another name for the Torah. Founder of Judaism
The origins of Jewish faith are explained throughout the
Torah. According to the text, God first revealed himself
to a Hebrew man named Abraham, who became known
as the founder of Judaism. Jews believe that God made a
With approximately special covenant with Abraham and that he and his
4,000 years of history, descendants were chosen people who would create a
Judaism is the world's great nation. Abraham’s son Isaac, and his grandson
oldest monotheistic Jacob, also became central figures in ancient Jewish
religion. Judaism history. Jacob took the name Israel, and his children and
adherents believe in a future generations became known as Israelites.
single God who
revealed himself to Judaism's founder
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requires knowledge of
ople who would form a great nation.
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ecame important and his
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as Israelites.
ecame important figures in ancient Jewish history. Jacob
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and future generat
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led out of Egypt by the prophet Moses more
,000 years after Abraham.
Jewish Temples Around 1000 B.C., King David ruled the Jewish people. His son Solomon
built the first holy Temple in Jerusalem, which became the central place of worship for
Jews. The kingdom fell apart around 931 B.C., and the Jewish people split into two groups:
Israel in the North and Judah in the South. Sometime around 587 B.C., the Babylonians
destroyed the first Temple and sent many Jews into exile. A second Temple was built in
about 516 B.C. but was eventually destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D. The destruction of
the second Temple was significant because Jewish people no longer had a primary place
to gather, so they shifted their focus to worshipping in local synagogues.

Temples of the Jews

King David ruled the Jewish people in 1000 B.C. His son Solomon erected the first holy
Temple in Jerusalem, which became the major place of worship for Jews.

The kingdom fell apart in 931 B.C., and the Jewish people split into two groups: Israel in
the North and Judah in the South. Sometime around 587 B.C., the Babylonians destroye
d the first Temple and sent many Jews into exile.
In the year 516 B.C., a second Temple was constructed. but was eventually destroyed by
the Romans in 70 A.D.
The demolition of the second Temple was significant because it removed the Jewish peo
ple's principal gathering place, forcing them to turn to local synagogues for worship.

Jewish Holy Books

While the Tanakh (which includes the Torah) is considered the sacred text of Judaism,
numerous other important texts were created in later years. These supplied insights on
how the Tanakh should be interpreted and documented oral laws that were previously n
ot written down. Around 200 A.D., experts compiled the Mishnah,
a literature that describes and explains the Jewish code of law that was previously orally
imparted.

Talmud

The Talmud, a compilation of Jewish legal teachings and comments, was later created. T
he Mishnah and another document known as the Gemara are both included in the Talm
ud (which examines the Mishnah). It contains the views of thousands of rabbis and expl
ains the significance of the 613 Jewish law commandments.

Around the third century A.D., the first version of the Talmud was completed. The fifth c
entury A.D. saw the completion of the second form.
Several other written works and commentaries are included in Judaism. The 13 Articles
of Faith, penned by a Jewish philosopher named Maimonides, is one example.
Shabbat
For Jews, Shabbat is regarded as a day of rest and prayer. It typically begins at
sunset on Friday and lasts until nightfall on Saturday. Shabbat can be observed in a
variety of ways, depending on the type of Judaism that a Jewish family practices.
Orthodox and Conservative Jews, for example, are permitted to abstain from
physical labor, the use of electrical devices, and other prohibited activities.

Judaism Symbol

Star of David, Hebrew Magen David (“Shield of David”), Magen sometimes spelled Moge
n, Jewish symbol consists of two overlaying equilateral triangles that form a six-
pointed star. It occurs on synagogues, Jewish tombstones, and the flag of the State of Isr
ael.

The symbol, which was not exclusively used by Jews in the past, originated in antiquity,
when it was used as a magical sign or adornment with the five-
pointed star. The Star of David appeared more frequently among Jews in the Middle Ag
es, but it had no special religious meaning; it may also be found on certain medieval cat
hedrals.

The name Magen David, which refers to God as David's guardian (shield) in Jewish litury,
became popular among medieval Jewish mystics.
Kabbalists popularized the usage of the five-
pointed star as a protective emblem against evil spirits, just as earlier (non-
Jewish) magical traditions had referred to the five-
pointed star as the "seal of Solomon."

The Star of David was originally used as an official emblem by the Jewish community of
Prague, and from the 17th century on, the six-
pointed star became the official seal of numerous Jewish communities and a generic sig
n of Judaism, despite the fact that it has neither biblical or Talmudic validity.

In the nineteenth century, Jews nearly universally chose the star as a conspicuous and si
mple symbol of Judaism in imitation of the Christian cross.
The yellow emblem that Jews were forced to wear in Nazi-
occupied Europe endowed the Star of David with a meaning symbolizing martyrdom and
courage.

JUDAISM BELIEFS
Jewish Jews believe there’s only one God who has formed a covenant—or particular
agreement—with them. Their God communicates with believers through prophets and
both rewards and punishes good deeds.With the exception of a few sects, most Jews
believe that their Messiah has not yet arrived, but will do so in the future.
Jewish people worship in hallowed sites known as synagogues, and their spiritual leades
are called rabbis. The six-pointed Star of David is the symbol of Judaism. Today, there
are about 14 million Jews worldwide. Most of them live in the United States and Israel.
Traditionally, a person is considered Jewish if his or her mother is Jewish.

A. the religion’s concept of good

Jews believe that both good and bad things happen in life for a reason, and that b
oth are gifts from God.
A person is obligated to bless upon the bad just as he blesses upon the good. As it
says, 'And you shall love the Lord your God, with all your heart and all your soul
and with all that you have.'
B. the religion’s concept of evil
Many Jews believe that evil began with Adam and Eve's first sin. Against God's wil
l, the serpent enticed Eve to eat from the Tree of Knowledge. They no longer nee
ded an external temptation to sin since evil had become a part of them. Humans
suffered as a result of their disobedience, and as a result, they were cut off from
God.
C. the religion’s relationship with politics (locally)
Politics uses intrigue, diplomacy, and attempts to win public opinion either demo
cratically, if the system allows it, or by usurping power with the help of the army,
if the society is underdeveloped and backward. Religion mobilizes religious sensib
ilities of people in order to gain their support in order to capture power; while rel
igion uses intrigue, diplomacy, and attempts to win public opinion either democr
atically, if the system allows it, or by usurping power with the help of the army.
D. the religion’s future in the globalized world
Judaism was the birthplace of a revolutionary thought that set the framework for
social reform: humans have the potential, and thus the obligation, to end injustic
e in the world. The Jews were the first to recognize that it was their obligation as
the Chosen People to combat global inequality.
o Finally, explain how globalization affected each religion’s belief and practices.
Since globalization is regarded as "the first truly global revolution," "all revolutions disru
pt a people's traditions and customs"—
that is, "people's very security, safety, and identity." As globalization disrupts traditional
communities, causes economic marginalization, and causes mental stress, individuals ex
perience these less desirable globalization consequences. Individuals turn to religion be
cause, unlike
economic plans, political programs, or legal rules, religion has the ability to "present a vi
sion of security, stability, and simple answers" through stories and beliefs.

In short, globalization has made it possible for formerly isolated religions to have regular
and inescapable contact. As a result of this, globalization highlights the reality that, bec
ause faiths share similar principles, none of them is "right" and hence changeable.
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