Click here to prepare for 4WD system inspection

for Preparation Click here
1. INSPECT INDICATOR LIGHT
1. Check the 4LO indicator light.
1. Start the engine.

2. Stop the vehicle.
3. for Automatic Transmission: Move the shift lever to N.
for Manual Transmission: Depress the clutch pedal.
4. Turn the transfer position switch from H4 to L4.
5. Check the 4LO indicator light.
 w/ VSC:
 OK:
Switch
Specified Condition
Condition
4LO indicator light
Turned
comes on immediately
from H4 to
or comes on after
L4
blinking
 If there is a malfunction, inspect the switch, ECU and transfer shift actuator. If the
system is normal, there may be a malfunction in the CAN communication system or
combination meter. In that case, first check the CAN communication system for LHD
(Click here), for RHD (Click here). Then check the combination meter (Click here).
 w/o VSC:
 OK:
Switch
Specified Condition
Condition
4LO indicator light and
Turned center differential lock
from H4 to indicator light come on
L4 immediately or come on
after blinking
 If there is a malfunction, inspect the switch, ECU and transfer shift actuator. If the
system is normal, there may be a malfunction in the CAN communication system or
combination meter. In that case, first check the CAN communication system for LHD
(Click here), for RHD (Click here). Then check the combination meter (Click here).
 HINT:
 For vehicles without VSC (Vehicle Stability Control), when the transfer position switch is turned
from H4 to L4, the center differential will lock.
2. Check the center differential lock indicator light.

2. Push the center differential lock switch.
NOTICE:
 Do not push the switch while the vehicle is turning.

 Push the switch at a vehicle speed less than 100 km/h (60 mph).
3. Check the center differential lock indicator light.
OK:
Switch
Specified Condition
Condition
Center differential lock
indicator light comes on
Pushed
immediately or comes on
after blinking
If there is a malfunction, inspect the switch, ECU and transfer shift actuator. If the system is
normal, there may be a malfunction in the CAN communication system or combination
meter. In that case, first check the CAN communication system for LHD (Click here), for
RHD (Click here). Then check the combination meter (Click here).
3. w/ Rear Differential Lock:

Check the rear differential lock indicator light.

4. Turn the transfer position switch from H4 to L4.
HINT:
The rear differential can be locked only when the following conditions are met: 1) The transfer is in
low, and 2) the center differential is locked. As vehicles with a rear differential lock do not have a
vehicle stability control system, these conditions will be satisfied after the transfer position switch is
turned to L4, the transfer shifts to low, and the center differential locks.
5. Turn the differential lock switch from OFF to RR.
NOTICE:
When locking the rear differential, make sure that the vehicle speed is less than 8 km/h (5 mph).
4.
1. Check the rear differential lock indicator light.
OK:
Switch Condition Specified Condition
After transfer Rear differential
position switch is lock indicator light
turned from H4 to comes on
L4, differential lock immediately or
switch is turned comes on after
from OFF to RR blinking
If there is a malfunction, inspect the switch, ECU and differential lock shift actuator.
HINT:
 The 4LO indicator light and center differential lock indicator light are both
illuminated.
 When the rear differential is locked, if the transfer position switch is returned to H4,
the rear differential becomes free. However, since the differential lock switch is on
RR, the rear differential lock indicator light blinks, and when the differential lock
switch is turned to OFF, the indicator light turns off.
2. INSPECT FUSE
1. Remove the 4WD fuse from the main body ECU (cowl side junction block LH).
2. Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
Standard Resistance:
Tester Specified
Condition
Connection Condition
4WD fuse Always Below 1 Ω
If a fuse is blown, inspect the harness connected to the fuse for a short circuit, and repair or replace
the harness or replace the fuse.
3. INSPECT TRANSFER POSITION SWITCH
1. Remove the transfer position switch (Click here).

Tester Switch Specified
Connection Condition Condition
100 kΩ or
2 (2WD) - 4 H4 position
higher
(GND2)
L4 position Below 1 Ω
If there is a malfunction, replace the transfer position switch.
3. Check the harness and connector (ECU - transfer position switch and body ground).
1. Disconnect the A27 ECU connector.

2. Disconnect the E48 transfer position switch connector.
Tester Specified
Condition
E48-2 (2WD) -
Always Below 1 Ω
A27-13 (LO)
E48-2 (2WD) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
E48-4 (GND2) -
Always Below 1 Ω
Body ground
If there is a malfunction, repair or replace the harness or connector.
4. INSPECT CENTER DIFFERENTIAL LOCK SWITCH
1. Remove the center differential lock switch (Click here).
Switch is
pressed and Below 1 Ω
1 (L) - 4 held
(CPU)
Switch is not 100 kΩ or
pressed higher
If there is a malfunction, replace the center differential lock switch.

3. Check the harness and connector (ECU - center differential lock switch and body ground).
1. Disconnect the ECU connector.

2. Disconnect the center differential lock switch connector.
Tester Specified
Condition
A27-12 (DL) -
Always Below 1 Ω
G12-4 (CPU)
A27-12 (DL) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
G12-1 (L) -
Always Below 1 Ω
Body ground
5. INSPECT DIFFERENTIAL LOCK SWITCH (w/ Rear Differential Lock)
1. Remove the differential lock switch (Click here).

10 kΩ or
OFF
1 (IG) - 4 (R) higher
RR Below 1 Ω
If there is a malfunction, replace the differential lock switch.
3. Check the harness and connector (ECU - differential lock switch and body ground).

2. Disconnect the E87 differential lock switch connector.

Tester Specified
Condition
A27-11 (R) -
Always Below 1 Ω
E87-1 (IG)
A27-11 (R) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
E87-4 (R) -
Always Below 1 Ω
Body ground
6. INSPECT TRANSFER SHIFT ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY (HIGH-LOW TRANSFER SHIFT

ACTUATOR)
HINT:
After inspecting the ECU power supply or transfer position switch, check the high-low transfer shift
actuator.
1. Check the harness and connector (ECU - high-low transfer shift actuator).
1. Disconnect the C38 actuator connector.

2. Disconnect the A27 and A28 ECU connectors.
Tester Specified
Condition
A27-1 (HL1) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C38-4 (HL1)
A27-1 (HL1) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A27-2 (HL2) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C38-6 (HL2)
A27-2 (HL2) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A27-3 (HL3) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C38-5 (HL3)
A27-3 (HL3) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A27-16 (NP) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C38-3 (N)
A27-16 (NP) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A28-2 (HM1) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C38-1 (HM1)
A28-2 (HM1) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A28-6 (HM2) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C38-2 (HM2)
A28-6 (HM2) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
C38-7 (GND) -
Always Below 1 Ω
Body ground
2. Check the high-low transfer shift actuator.
1. Turn the engine switch on (IG).

4. Check that there is an operating noise from the transfer shift actuator when the transfer
position switch is turned from H4 to L4, or L4 to H4.
OK:
There is an operating noise.
HINT:
 If the actuator fork cannot move from high to low, or low to high even though there is
an operating noise, there may be a mechanical malfunction in the transfer.
 If there is no operating noise, there may be a malfunction in the high-low transfer shift
actuator. However, it may also be a result of a mechanical malfunction in the transfer,
so inspect each part.
5. Remove the transfer shift actuator assembly (Click here).
6. Check the high to low switch.
1. Connect lines via a relay as shown in the illustration, and check that the
actuator fork moves from the high to low position.
NOTICE:
 Make sure to perform this inspection with the actuator removed from the
vehicle. If this inspection is performed with the actuator installed to the
vehicle, the actuator will be damaged.
 When inspecting the actuator, make sure to operate it with the lines connected
via a relay. If the lines are not connected via a relay and battery voltage is
directly applied to the actuator, the actuator will be damaged.
HINT:
When performing the operation described above, use the DEFOG relay.
2. After the high to low switch is complete, check the neutral position detection
switch and limit switch.
Tester Specified
Condition
After high
3 (N) - 7 to low 100 kΩ or
(GND) switch is higher
complete
After high
4 (HL1) - 7 to low 100 kΩ or
complete
After high
5 (HL3) - 7 to low 100 kΩ or
complete
After high
6 (HL2) - 7 to low Below 1
(GND) switch is Ω
complete
If there is a malfunction, replace the transfer shift actuator assembly.
7. Check the low to high switch.

actuator fork moves from the low to high position.
NOTICE:
HINT:
1. After the low to high switch is complete, check the neutral position detection
switch and limit switch.
Tester Specified
Condition
After low
3 (N) - 7 to high 100 kΩ or
complete
After low
4 (HL1) - 7 to high Below 1
(GND) switch is Ω
complete
After low
5 (HL3) - 7 to high 100 kΩ or
complete
After low
6 (HL2) - 7 to high 100 kΩ or
complete
7. INSPECT TRANSFER SHIFT ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY (CENTER DIFFERENTIAL LOCK

ACTUATOR)
HINT:
After inspecting the ECU power supply or center differential lock switch, inspect the center
differential lock actuator.
1. Check the harness and connector (ECU - center differential lock actuator).
1. Disconnect the C37 actuator connector.


Tester Specified
Condition
A27-6 (TL1) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C37-4 (TL1)
A27-6 (TL1) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A27-7 (TL2) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C37-6 (TL2)
A27-7 (TL2) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A27-8 (TL3) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C37-5 (TL3)
A27-8 (TL3) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A27-14 (P1) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C37-3 (CDL)
A27-14 (P1) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A28-7 (TM2) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C37-2 (TM2)
A28-7 (TM2) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A28-8 (TM1) -
Always Below 1 Ω
C37-1 (TM1)
A28-8 (TM1) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
C37-7 (GND) -
Always Below 1 Ω
Body ground

2. Check the center differential lock actuator.

2. Check that there is an operating noise from the transfer shift actuator when the center
differential lock switch is pressed to switch from free to lock, or lock to free.
OK:
HINT:
 If the actuator fork cannot move from free to lock, or lock to free even though there is
an operating noise, there may be a mechanical malfunction in the transfer.
 If there is no operating noise, there may be a malfunction in the center differential
lock actuator. However, it may also be a result of a mechanical malfunction in the
transfer, so inspect each part.
3. Remove the transfer shift actuator assembly (Click here).
4. Check the free to lock switch.
actuator fork moves from the free to lock position.
NOTICE:
HINT:
2. After the free to lock switch is complete, check the center differential lock
detection switch and limit switch.
Tester Specified
Condition
After free
3 (CDL) - to lock Below 1
7 (GND1) switch is Ω
complete
After free
4 (TL1) - 7 to lock 100 kΩ or
(GND1) switch is higher
complete
After free
5 (TL3) - 7 to lock 100 kΩ or
complete
After free
6 (TL2) - 7 to lock Below 1
(GND1) switch is Ω
complete
5. Check the lock to free switch.

actuator fork moves from the lock to free position.
NOTICE:
HINT:
1. After the lock to free switch is complete, check the center differential lock
detection switch and limit switch.
Tester Specified
Condition
After lock
3 (CDL) - to free 100 kΩ or
7 (GND1) switch is higher
complete
After lock
4 (TL1) - 7 to free 100 kΩ or
complete
After lock
5 (TL3) - 7 to free Below 1
(GND1) switch is Ω
complete
After lock
6 (TL2) - 7 to free 100 kΩ or
complete
8. INSPECT DIFFERENTIAL LOCK SHIFT ACTUATOR (w/ Rear Differential Lock)

HINT:
After inspecting the transfer position switch, transfer shift actuator and differential lock switch,
check the differential lock shift actuator.
1. Check the harness and connector (ECU - differential lock shift actuator).
1. Disconnect the f1 actuator connector.


Tester Specified
Condition
A27-9 (RLY1) -
Always Below 1 Ω
f1-6 (RLY1)
A27-9 (RLY1) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A27-10 (RLY2)
Always Below 1 Ω
- f1-5 (RLY2)
A27-10 (RLY2) 100 kΩ or
Always
- Body ground higher
A28-1 (M1) - f1-
Always Below 1 Ω
3 (M1)
A28-1 (M1) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
A28-5 (M2) - f1-
Always Below 1 Ω
2 (M2)
A28-5 (M2) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
f1-4 (GND) -
Always Below 1 Ω
Body ground
2. Check the harness and connector (ECU - differential lock position switch).
1. Disconnect the f2 differential lock position switch connector.

Tester Specified
Condition
A27-15 (RLP) -
Always Below 1 Ω
f2-2 (+B)
A27-15 (RLP) - 100 kΩ or
Always
Body ground higher
f2-1 (GND) -
Always Below 1 Ω
Body ground
3. Check the differential lock shift actuator.

2. Check that there is an operating noise from the differential lock shift actuator when the
differential lock switch is switch from OFF to RR (free to lock), or RR to OFF (lock to free).
NOTICE:
 Perform this operation when the transfer is in low and the center differential is locked.
 When locking the rear differential, make sure that the vehicle speed is less than 8
km/h (5 mph).
HINT:
Perform this operation when the transfer is in low and the center differential is locked.
OK:
HINT:
 If the actuator fork cannot move from free to lock or lock to free even though there is
an operating noise, there may be a mechanical malfunction in the rear differential.
 If there is no operating noise, there may be a malfunction in the differential lock shift
actuator. However, it may also be a result of a mechanical malfunction in the rear
differential, so inspect each part.
3. Remove the differential lock shift actuator assembly (Click here).
4. Check the free to lock switch.
actuator fork moves from the free to lock position.
NOTICE:
HINT:
2. After the free to lock switch is complete, check the limit switch.
Tester Specified
Condition
After free
5 (RLY2) - to lock Below
4 (GND) switch is 12.5 Ω
complete
After free
6 (RLY1) - to lock 500 kΩ or
4 (GND) switch is higher
complete
If there is a malfunction, replace the differential lock shift actuator assembly.
5. Check the lock to free switch.
actuator fork moves from the lock to free position.
NOTICE:
HINT:
1. After the lock to free switch is complete, check the limit switch.
Tester Specified
Condition
After lock
5 (RLY2) - to free 500 kΩ or
4 (GND) switch is higher
complete
6 (RLY1) - After lock Below
4 (GND) to free 12.5 Ω
switch is
complete
If there is a malfunction, replace the differential lock shift actuator assembly.
4. Inspect the rear differential lock position switch.
1. Remove the rear differential lock position switch (Click here).
Pushed Below 1 Ω
2 (+B) - 1
(GND) 100 kΩ or
Not pushed
higher
If there is a malfunction, replace the rear differential lock position switch.
9. INSPECT 4 WHEEL DRIVE CONTROL ECU
1. Check the four wheel drive control ECU.

1. Measure the resistance and voltage according to the value(s) in the table below.
Tester
Terminal Description Condition Specified Condition
Connection
Engine switch on (IG)
Below 1.5 V
Transfer in high position
A27-1 (HL1) - High-low transfer shift Engine switch on (IG)
11 to 14 V
A28-4 (GND) actuator limit switch Transfer in low position
11 to 14 V
Transfer in neutral position
11 to 14 V
Below 1.5 V
11 to 14 V
11 to 14 V
11 to 14 V
Below 1.5 V
A27-5 (TT) -
A27-25 Temperature sensor Engine switch on (IG) 0 to 5 V
(TGND)*1
Center differential in free 11 to 14 V
position
A27-6 (TL1) - Center differential lock Engine switch on (IG)
A28-4 (GND) actuator limit switch Center differential in lock 11 to 14 V
position
Below 1.5 V
position
A28-4 (GND) actuator limit switch Center differential in lock Below 1.5 V
position
11 to 14 V
Center differential in free Below 1.5 V
position
A28-4 (GND) actuator limit switch Center differential in lock 11 to 14 V
position
11 to 14 V
Rear differential in free Below 0.5 V
A27-9 (RLY1) - Differential lock shift position
A28-4 (GND)*2 actuator limit switch Engine switch on (IG)
Rear differential in lock 11 to 14 V
position
Rear differential in free 11 to 14 V
A27-10 (RLY2) position
Differential lock shift
- A28-4
actuator limit switch Engine switch on (IG)
(GND)*2
Rear differential in lock Below 0.5 V
position
Differential lock switch in 11 to 14 V
A27-11 (R) - OFF position
Differential lock switch
A28-4 (GND)*2 Engine switch on (IG)
Differential lock switch in Below 1.5 V
RR position
11 to 14 V
A27-12 (DL) - Transfer in high position
Transfer position switch
A28-4 (GND) Engine switch on (IG)
Below 1.5 V
Transfer in low position
A27-13 (LO) - Center differential lock
Center differential lock Below 1.5 V
A28-4 (GND) switch
switch pressed and held
Center differential lock 11 to 14 V
switch not pressed
A27-14 (P1) - Center differential lock position
A28-4 (GND) detection switch Engine switch on (IG)
Center differential in lock Below 1.5 V
position
Rear differential in free 11 to 14 V
A27-15 (RLP) - Rear differential lock position
A28-4 (GND)*2 position switch Engine switch on (IG)
Rear differential in lock Below 1.5 V
position
Below 1.5 V
Transfer shift actuator Transfer in neutral position
A27-16 (NP) -
neutral position Engine switch on (IG)
A28-4 (GND)
detection switch Transfer in high or low 11 to 14 V
position
11 to 14 V
A27-17 (MTN) - Clutch pedal released
Clutch start switch
A28-4 (GND)*3 Engine switch on (IG)
Below 2 V
Clutch pedal depressed
A27-19 (CAN+)
CAN communication
- A27-20 (CAN- Engine switch off 54 to 69 Ω
line
)
Transfer position switch in
11 to 14 V
H4 position
A27-21 (L4) - Transfer shift actuator
A28-4 (GND) Low detection switch Engine switch on (IG)
Transfer position switch in Below 1.5 V
L4 position
Center differential in lock
position
11 to 14 V
OFF → RR
(During operation of
differential lock shift
actuator motor from free to
A28-1 (M1) - Differential lock shift lock)
A28-4 (GND)*2 actuator motor
position
Differential lock switch Below 1.5 V
RR → OFF or transfer
position switch L4 → H4
actuator motor from lock
to free)
Transfer position switch Below 1.5 V or
H4 → L4 alternating between
(During operation of high- below 1.5 V and 11 to
low transfer shift actuator 14 V
A28-2 (HM1) - High-low transfer shift motor from high to low)
A28-4 (GND) actuator motor Engine switch on (IG)
L4 → H4
11 to 14 V
(During operation of high-
low transfer shift actuator
motor from low to high)
A28-3 (IG) -
IG power Engine switch on (IG) 11 to 14 V
A28-4 (GND)
A28-4 (GND) -
Ground Always Below 1 Ω
Body ground
position
Below 1.5 V
OFF → RR
actuator motor from free to
lock)
A28-5 (M2) - Differential lock shift
A28-4 (GND)*2 actuator motor Engine switch on (IG)
position
RR → OFF or transfer 11 to 14 V
position switch L4 → H4
actuator motor from lock
to free)
H4 → L4
11 to 14 V
(During operation of high-
low transfer shift actuator
A28-6 (HM2) - High-low transfer shift motor from high to low)
A28-4 (GND) actuator motor Engine switch on (IG)
Transfer position switch Below 1.5 V or
L4 → H4 alternating between
(During operation of high- below 1.5 V and 11 to
low transfer shift actuator 14 V
motor from low to high)
Below 1.5 V or
alternating between
Center differential position
below 1.5 V and 11 to
A28-7 (TM2) - Center differential lock free → lock
14 V
A28-4 (GND) actuator motor
Center differential position 11 to 14 V
lock → free
Center differential position 11 to 14 V
free → lock
A28-8 (TM1) - Center differential lock
A28-4 (GND) actuator motor Below 1.5 V or
alternating between
Center differential position
below 1.5 V and 11 to
lock → free
14 V
If there is a malfunction, inspect the harnesses, connectors, transfer position switch, center
differential lock switch, and transfer shift actuator assembly. If these are normal, replace the
four wheel drive control ECU (Click here).
HINT:
 *1: w/ Temperature Sensor

 *2: w/ Rear Differential Lock
 *3: for Manual Transmission

Click here to prepare for 4WD system inspection

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1. INSPECT INDICATOR LIGHT

1. Check the 4LO indicator light.

1. Start the engine.

2. Check the center differential lock indicator light.

1. Start the engine.

 Do not push the switch while the vehicle is turning.

3. w/ Rear Differential Lock:

1. Start the engine.

5. Turn the differential lock switch from OFF to RR.

1. Check the rear differential lock indicator light.

2. Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

3. INSPECT TRANSFER POSITION SWITCH

1. Remove the transfer position switch (Click here).

If there is a malfunction, replace the transfer position switch.

1. Disconnect the A27 ECU connector.

3. Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

If there is a malfunction, repair or replace the harness or connector.

4. INSPECT CENTER DIFFERENTIAL LOCK SWITCH

1. Remove the center differential lock switch (Click here).

2. Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

If there is a malfunction, replace the center differential lock switch.

1. Disconnect the ECU connector.

3. Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

If there is a malfunction, repair or replace the harness or connector.

5. INSPECT DIFFERENTIAL LOCK SWITCH (w/ Rear Differential Lock)

1. Remove the differential lock switch (Click here).

If there is a malfunction, replace the differential lock switch.

1. Disconnect the A27 ECU connector.

3. Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

If there is a malfunction, repair or replace the harness or connector.

6. INSPECT TRANSFER SHIFT ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY (HIGH-LOW TRANSFER SHIFT

1. Disconnect the C38 actuator connector.

If there is a malfunction, repair or replace the harness or connector.

2. Check the high-low transfer shift actuator.

1. Turn the engine switch on (IG).

If there is a malfunction, replace the transfer shift actuator assembly.

7. Check the low to high switch.

If there is a malfunction, replace the transfer shift actuator assembly.

7. INSPECT TRANSFER SHIFT ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY (CENTER DIFFERENTIAL LOCK

1. Disconnect the C37 actuator connector.

3. Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

If there is a malfunction, repair or replace the harness or connector.

1. Turn the engine switch on (IG).

If there is a malfunction, replace the transfer shift actuator assembly.

5. Check the lock to free switch.

If there is a malfunction, replace the transfer shift actuator assembly.

8. INSPECT DIFFERENTIAL LOCK SHIFT ACTUATOR (w/ Rear Differential Lock)

1. Disconnect the f1 actuator connector.

3. Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

If there is a malfunction, repair or replace the harness or connector.

1. Disconnect the f2 differential lock position switch connector.

If there is a malfunction, repair or replace the harness or connector.

3. Check the differential lock shift actuator.

1. Turn the engine switch on (IG).

If there is a malfunction, replace the differential lock shift actuator assembly.

5. Check the lock to free switch.

If there is a malfunction, replace the differential lock shift actuator assembly.

4. Inspect the rear differential lock position switch.

1. Remove the rear differential lock position switch (Click here).

2. Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

If there is a malfunction, replace the rear differential lock position switch.

9. INSPECT 4 WHEEL DRIVE CONTROL ECU