University of Cebu - Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

College of Nursing

"Kahirapan at Kalusugan":
A Qualitative study on the
Unfortunate of Barangay
Looc, Mandaue City
Presentation by:

Cose, Mhendylean
Econar, Quennie April
Lacangan, Thea Yvonne
Laude, Kyla
Lim Pil, Mikhaila
BSN 3A
Rationale of the Study
Basic human rights are not being met in many parts of the world. People in poverty suffer from hunger,
ill-health, poor education and low standards of living which negatively affect their well-being. These
reasons and poverty as a wide spread social problem that undermines the economy and development

Nursing Research | 2022

of entire nations, make poverty socially relevant and important to study. (Sionil Jose et al., 2019)
To understand how poor people experience and survive limitations in their quality of life, there is a
deeper dive to their realities and observed the areas where poverty is accumulated in a town in the
Philippines. (ASEAN Economic Bulletin et al.., 2017)
The study reveals that poor people in addition to poverty also suffer from stigmas. Poor people
implement a variety of strategies to survive, some are creative, and others are norm breaking. (Guiterrez,
et al., 2022).
According to National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA, 2021):
Before COVID - 19
Economic growth: 6%
Inflation: 3%
Low record of poverty, unemployment, underemployment
Onset of COVID - 19
National: increase to 23.7% (first half of 2021)
Regional: increase to 33%
Rationale of the Study
Family Income and Expenditure Sruvey (FIES, 2021):
Filipino Income: 18.1% - insufficient for individual and basic food needs.
19.99 million Filipinos - below poverty threshold

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It was estimated that a family of 5 would need at least Php 8,379 per month just to meet their
basic food needs.
Philippines Statistics Authrority (PSA, 2022):
Region 7 have an annual per capita poverty threshold of 33, 657.00 pesos.
Meaning, a person belonging to a family with 5 members only need Php 90.47 in order to
survive a day.
The poverty situation was considered unrealistic since according to the Government, if a person
spends more than Php 18. 62 per meal, they will not be considered as “Food Poor”. (Dela Peña, 2022).
Atheoretical
Suspend utilizing inductive inferences to detour subjectivity in
generating the research approach and methodology.
Employ assumptions from related studies and literature reviews
during data analysis and interpretation.
Related studies and literature reviews shall not influence the
constructed research strategies.
The determination of supplemental theories shall be
accomplished after data collection and analysis.
Commit to selecting distinct theories that exclusively impact data
interpretation.
 Philosophical
Interpretivism
a naturalistic view in terms of the collection and interpretation of data
prioritizes meanings and can operate multiple methods to evaluate contrasting aspects
However, researchers should focus on an in-depth view of the investigation, considering
the borders between personal values and theoretical approaches.
Researchers shall be social actors and appreciate the distinctiveness of informants.
(Alamgeer, 2021)

Ontological nature: Reality is perceived as socially constructed, thus subjective and multiple
among informants.
Epistemological nature: Researchers create strategies for interaction: interviews and
observations - success in designing strategies results in positive cooperation and feedback
from informants. The study moves in two-way communication between researchers and
respondents.
Axiological nature: The values demonstrated by the researcher and informants help
determine the meanings of different interpretations in the context of both researchers' and
informants' perspectives. Also, these values will influence how researchers and informants
become a vital factor in conveying the quality of life amidst poverty in Paradise Village,
Barangay Looc.
 Philosophical
Rhetorical nature: This qualitative research will utilize an engaging style of
narrative literature. The descriptive take on the language used in the study reaches
personal or artistic writing - the use of first-person narration and metaphors.
Researchers use informal voice and may achieve multiple definitions from
informants.
Methodological nature: Researchers refine data from specifics before
generalizing the findings. In the account of this assumption, this phase of the
study will develop a framework for the fundamental structure of experiences or
processes derived from the raw data.
 Theoretical Background
SOCIAL EXCLUSION THEORY

Poverty results in less access to resources and participation.

Laderchi et al., identified characteristics of social exclusion:
multidimensional, dynamic, relational, active, relative, and contextual.
Social exclusion research has focused on median income as an effective
proxy to assess the experience of the social exclusion poor.
According to Schiller, having a job does not always gaurantee financial
success.
The level of health treatment, other items that can improve health, and non-
health goods that household members can consume are all constrained by
their poverty.
Domain of Inquiry
This study was carried out to examine how poverty affects the residence in terms of
health in Sitio Paradise, Barangay Looc, Mandaue City.

The following sub-problems need to be taken into account in order to fulfill the study goal:

1. What is the idea of information poverty, including its origins and definition?
2. Is there a significance on the relationship between poverty and ill-health?
3. What impact does inequality have on poverty?
4. How does poverty affect the lived-experiences in terms of:
i. Health
ii. Health Services
iii. Income
iv. Social Support Networks
v. Education
vi. Job Opportunity
vii. Physical Environment
Thank
You!
Nursing Research | 2022