Research Title Proposal

by

Arcamo, Wendelyn

Booc, Alyssa Louisse B.

Cabahug, Ainjel

Lastima, Charmaine Claire

Lumaghos, John Mark

Presbitero, Nielmae S.

BSN-3B

Ms. Hazel Faith B. Genabe

Research Adviser
 MAPPING

TITLE RESEARCH AGENDA

"Impact of Poor Solid Waste Management on Reducing the incidence of health problems
the Health of Residents Near the Coastal attributed to poor environmental conditions,
Area" including health care waste management,
sanitation, and hygiene
The Effects of Comprehensive Sex Education Health Education
Among Adolescence Stage to Reduce Early
Pregnancy
“A study on mothers’ awareness on health Maternal and Health Nutrition
and nutrition in relation to undernutrition
among infants and young children belonging
in a middle-class family”

" Preventing the Reluctance to Seek Medical Health Education

Care through Strengthening Health Education
"
A study for pregnant women and their Maternal and Child Health Issues
children that is vulnerable to COVID 19 due
to physiological changes associated with
pregnancy"
Research Agenda: Reducing the incidence of health problems attributed to poor environmental
conditions, including health care waste management, sanitation, and hygiene

Research Title: "Impact of Poor Solid Waste Management on the Health of Residents Near the
Coastal Area"

Rationale

According to Omang et al., solid wastes are useless or unwanted materials coming from human
and animal activities and by-products of processes (2021). People generate most of the solid
wastes which include food and kitchen wastes, paper, glass, metal and plastic containers and
packaging, construction wastes (bricks, tiles, concrete, lumber, etc.), clothing, and hazardous
wastes (medications, batteries, chemicals, etc), if this waste are not handles appropriately it is
eventually considered as a litter (Solid Waste and Marine Litter | the Caribbean Environment
Programme (CEP), n.d). To maintain a sustainable environment and liveable community, solid
waste or any waste must be properly managed.

As the population grows rapidly, the production of solid wastes increases. In most urbanized
countries cities encounter difficulty in managing solid waste due to a lack of sites, transportation,
and regulation. Solid waste management is a common concern for communities and governments
because poor management has an impact on local communities in terms of health and
psychological aspect. As stated in the news article of The Freeman, the three highly urbanized
cities in Cebu province, Cebu, Mandaue, and Lapu-Lapu, are facing problems with solid waste
management wherein there is a lack of sites to dispose of the wastes. Hence, solid wastes are not
properly handled as evidenced by some huge piles of garbage at the corner of the roads on some
places and at the coastal areas. Improper solid waste disposal causes pollution of air, soil, and
water while indiscriminate dumping of waste contaminates surface and groundwater supplies.
During the rainy season in urban areas, solid waste can clog drains, creating stagnant water for
insect breeding and floods (Kreith & Tchobanoglous, 2002). Improper solid waste management
can also arise health and safety issues, especially for those who are exposed the most.
Furthermore, poor waste management - from non-existing collection systems to ineffective
disposal -causes air pollution, and water and soil contamination. Contaminated soil, air, and
water provide a breeding ground for biological vectors such as flies, rodents, and insect pests.
Many diseases are sequentially caused by these biological vectors, such as diarrhea, dysentery,
gastrointestinal problems, worm infection, food poisoning, dengue fever, cholera, leptospirosis,
bacterial infection; irritation of the skin, nose, and eyes; as well as respiratory symptoms
(Fadhullah et al., 2022). Thus, the effects of ineffective/poor solid waste management can cause
health risks, especially for those who are directly exposed.

The purpose of this study aims to determine the knowledge and discipline of the residents
on/near the coastal area of the area for proper solid waste management and the effects of poor
solid management on their health. In that matter, this study will help reduce health implications
in relation to poor management by generating/formulating health education for the residents
which is helpful for the community. This study will be primarily conducted in coastal residential
areas where solid waste is not properly handled.

References:

Fadhullah, W., Imran, N. I. N., Ismail, S. N. S., Jaafar, M. H., & Abdullah, H. (2022, January 5).
Household solid waste management practices and perceptions among residents in the
East Coast of Malaysia. BMC Public Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-
12274-7

Letigio, D. D. (2022, February 19). Cebu City to hold Environment and Solid Waste
Management Summit. INQUIRER.Net. Retrieved October 4, 2022, from
https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/425754/cebu-city-to-hold-environment-and-solid-
waste-management-summit

Magsumbol, C. N. (2021, May 10). Cebu’s silent and expensive waste problem (Part 1).
Philstar.Com. https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2021/05/10/2097184/
cebus-silent-and-extensive-waste-problem-part-1
Omang, D. I., John, G. E., Inah, S. A., & Bisong, J. O. (2021, September 27). Public health
implication of solid waste generated by households in Bekwarra Local Government area.
African Health Sciences, 21(3), 1467–1473. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i3.58

Solid waste management. (n.d.). UNEP - UN Environment Programme. Retrieved October 4,

2022, from https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/resource-efficiency/what-we-do/cities/
solid-waste-management

Kreith, F., & Tchobanoglous, G. (2002, July 13). Handbook of Solid Waste Management (2nd
ed.). McGraw Hill.
Research Agenda: Health Education

Research Title: The Effects of Comprehensive Sex Education Among Adolescence Stage to
Reduce Early Pregnancy

Rationale

Teenage pregnancy is a big concern on a global scale. Pregnancy among teenagers is more
common among people with less education or lower socioeconomic status. Additionally, among
these and other vulnerable populations, there is slower success in lowering adolescent first births,
which results in growing inequality. Additionally, according to the World Health Organization
(WHO), babies of adolescent mothers are at an increased risk of low birth weight, preterm birth,
and severe neonatal conditions. Adolescent mothers also have higher rates of eclampsia,
puerperal endometritis, and systemic infections than women who are 20 to 24 years old, (World
Health Organization, 2022). When in serious condition, it can have an impact on one's mental
health, which could cause depression or even death.

Adolescent early pregnancies in the Philippines are a problem for the nation. Early adolescent
pregnancy and unwanted pregnancies were among the most pressing issues for women,
according to the 2019 report by the Commission on Population and Development (POPCOM).
According to the latest civil-registry numbers from the Philippine Statistics Authority for 2019,
births among girls under the age of fifteen increased by 7% over the previous year. The National
Economic and Development Authority proclaimed a "National Social Emergency" in August
2019 due to the country's rising teenage pregnancy rate. The lockdown made matters worse
because teenage girls and women generally found it impossible to obtain medical facilities,
contraceptives, and other essential services due to the imposed constraints. The Philippines' lack
of comprehensive sexual education, which is defined as excellent teaching and learning on a
wide range of concepts relating to sexuality and sex, including proper discourse in navigating
relationships and managing one's sexual well-being, has been identified as the root cause of the
country's teenage pregnancy crisis, according to the Philippine Family Planning Organization. It
seeks to give students knowledge and skills that will help them develop into sexually healthy
adults, as well as age-appropriate and medically relevant information.

The insufficiency of sex education is also a risk factor in the rise in adolescent pregnancies,
claims (Dulay, 2019), a teacher at Lourdes School of Mandaluyong who oversees sex education
for grade 10 pupils. The emphasis should be on sex education rather than a general
understanding of sexual health. In his view, the incidence of adolescent pregnancies would
"dramatically" decrease if teenagers were taught about safe sex practices and sexual health. It
would also be preferable to start this process as soon as possible. Comprehensive sex education
programs have also been proven to reduce the prevalence of not only teenage pregnancy but also
sexual activity, sexual risk behaviors, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). If teenagers are
fully aware of the negative effects of engaging in risky sexual behavior, they can make better
decisions about sex.

Instead of combining sex education with other courses, the Department of Education (DepEd)
intends to make it a distinct curriculum. The establishment of a distinct course that would focus
on reproductive health and other issues relating to sex education is something that Education
Secretary Leonor Briones has stated she is open to. She thinks high school students would be
better suited to study this topic because early pregnancy rates rise among those between the ages
of 15 and 18. (Department of Education, 2021). People who have a proper education are more
likely to think, feel, and act in ways that support their success, increase their level of personal
satisfaction, and benefit their community as a whole. Additionally, education cultivates a
person's personality, thinking, interpersonal skills, and readiness for life events (Al-Shuaibi,
2014).

Research Agenda: Maternal Child and Nutrition

Research Title: “A study on mothers’ awareness on health and nutrition in relation to

undernutrition among infants and young children belonging in a middle-class family”

Rationale

When the human body does not receive enough vitamins, minerals, and nutrients needed
for growth and development it leads to undernutrition. Malnutrition, specifically undernutrition
has been a major challenge in the Philippines for decades with no improvements. Undernutrition
does not only put newborns and young children at risk of dying at such early years; those who
survive are also more likely to suffer from lifelong illnesses and cognitive impairment.
According to the Human Capital Index, a child born in the Philippines today will be 52 percent
as productive when she grows up as she could be if she enjoyed complete education and full
health. This problem not only affects and robs the futures of children but also costs the
Philippine economy US$ 4.4 billion or 1.5% of GDP every year according to the World Bank
Group.  
 One of the basic determinants of undernutrition in the Philippines is poverty; this study
would like to emphasize other determinants or factors of undernutrition aside from
socioeconomic statuses like the health literacy of mothers in relation to undernutrition of infants
and young children when they have the means to buy foods necessary for growth and
development of their children. 

Research Agenda: Health Education

Research Title: " Preventing the Reluctance to Seek Medical Care through Strengthening Health
Education "

Rationale

Health education is a process of creating, sustaining and transferring knowledge about health.
Health education is defined as the use of teaching, learning and other forms of communication
for the purpose of promoting health in human beings through the understanding and acceptance
of health promotion as a whole concept. Health education can then be used to change behaviors
and attitudes that cause disease or illness. It also includes a wide range of activities that
contribute to improving quality of life by preventing or treating disease or injury; enhancing
personal or community well-being; increasing access to care; reducing disparities in health
status; identifying problems, determining their consequences, evaluating solutions; and
supporting effective action. Health education is a process of creating, sustaining and transferring
knowledge about health. Health education is defined as the use of teaching, learning and other
forms of communication for the purpose of promoting health in human beings through the
understanding and acceptance of health promotion as a whole concept. Health education can then
be used to change behaviors and attitudes that cause disease or illness. It also includes a wide
range of activities that contribute to improving quality of life by preventing or treating disease or
injury; enhancing personal or community well-being; increasing access to care; reducing
disparities in health status; identifying problems, determining their consequences, evaluating
solutions; and supporting effective action. The aim of this study is to strengthen or enhance
Health Education to prevent people's reluctance to seek medical care.

Research Agenda: Maternal and Child Health Issues

Research Title: "A study for pregnant women and their children that is vulnerable to COVID 19
due to physiological changes associated with pregnancy"

Rationale

Pregnant women and their children may be vulnerable to infection due to physiological changes
because pregnant women are believed to be disproportionately affected by respiratory illnesses,
the COVID 19 is one, particularly during the second or third trimesters of pregnancy due to
changes in lung volume, oxygen consumption, cell-mediated immunity, and inflammation levels.
There are physiological factors that suggest that both pregnant women and their children may be
a heightened risk for COVID-19. Despite this hypothesis, maternal risk of severe disease
outcomes remains relatively low. The covid 19 crisis could worsen a pregnant woman's mental
health during the intrapartum and postpartum periods by restricting access to necessary care
resources, leaving her isolated or quarantined without interaction with other people, and
removing her from social situations. The goal of this study is to ensure the birth of a healthy
infant to every expectant mother, promote the healthy growth and development of children, and
educate the mothers on the improvement of their own and their children's health.