REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Determinants of water source use, quality of water, sanitation and hygiene perceptions among urban households
in North-West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Water is defined as one of the basic necessities for human survival, and it was also defined in the study conducted by
Gebremichael, S. G., et al. (2021), wherein the researchers examined the different factors that contribute to the growing
number of people who are getting diseases because of consuming dirty water. One of the factors stated in the same
study is the socio-economic status of the family, as it directly impacts the capacity of the individuals to afford quality
water instead of consuming water that is contaminated for the sake of survival alone without consideration of hygiene
because they cannot afford it.
In relation with the researcher’s study, the information in this article will help the researcher understand that the
socioeconomic factors affecting household parents' awareness and attitudes regarding pneumonia can be better
understood by understanding the factors that determine the use of water sources and sanitation practices. Compared to
more affluent households, lower-income households may have different knowledge and perceptions because of their
compromised living conditions, which may make them more susceptible to pneumonia. They may also have limited
access to clean water and sanitation facilities.

Perceived barriers to healthcare utilization among Jordanian families: A family centered approach
In addition, in the study conducted by Shaheen, A. M., et al. (2020), it was further emphasized that family conditions
play a vital role in developing proper hygiene and awareness of cleanliness, health, and diseases that may develop in a
certain condition. The study used a family-centered approach that analyzed the conditions of the family as the basic
unit of society, including their financial stability. It was discovered that families with problems maintaining a good
financial position also develop a wide range of health concerns and issues.
This issue is highly relevant in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, where proper hygiene is an important
contributing factor that controls the spread of the virus from one person to another. In a study conducted by Hsu, C. H.,
et al. (2020), the researcher defined economic status during the pandemic as important to ensure access to correct
information that will also encourage them to practice proper hygiene to lessen the possibility of the further spreading of
the virus to the people they closely interact with.

Menstrual hygiene management and school absenteeism among female adolescent students in Northeast
Ethiopia
In a study conducted by Tegegne, T. K., and Sisay, M. M. (2014) defined the economic status of the family as a factor
that contributes to the mindset of an individual about hygiene and cleanliness, especially for girls who have menstrual
periods every month from their teens to menstrual age. It is important to note that the study emphasized the school
setting. Thus, the capability of the family to study in an integrated school that has facilities that are able to sustain and
develop proper hygiene.
As stated in the article that the health awareness, education and hygiene behavior greatly influence the menstrual
hygiene management and school absenteeism among female adolescent student and through that it greatly influences
the researcher’s study as it highlights the importance of maintaining and fostering good hygiene practices, thereby
influencing their knowledge and attitudes towards respiratory health.

References:
Gebremichael, S. G., Yismaw, E., Tsegaw, B. D., & Shibeshi, A. D. (2021). Determinants of water source use, quality
of water, sanitation and hygiene perceptions among urban households in North-West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.
PLOS ONE, 16(4), e0239502. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239502
Hsu, C. H., Lin, H., Wang, C. C., & Jhang, S. (2020). How to Defend COVID-19 in Taiwan? Talk about People’s
Disease Awareness, Attitudes, Behaviors and the Impact of Physical and Mental Health. International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4694. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134694
Shaheen, A., Hamdan, K. M., & Arabiat, D. (2020). Perceived barriers to healthcare utilization among Jordanian
families: A family centered approach. Applied Nursing Research, 54, 151313.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2020.151313
Tegegne, T. K., & Sisay, M. M. (2014). Menstrual hygiene management and school absenteeism among female
adolescent students in Northeast Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1118