Professional Documents
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Lecture # 1 (Week 1)
CONCRETE MASONRY, Building Elements, Perforations and Tiles
Course Facilitator:
Fariha Tahseen
E-mail: fariha_tahseen@yahoo.com
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To study the properties of traditional and contemporary materials, their selection
criteria and use in construction, structural and non-structural as well as in interior and
exterior of the buildings. To be able to critically analyze the properties of materials,
appropriateness of their application, application methods and their response to the
specific environment.
CREDIT HOURS:
Theory: 1 credit hour (Total Marks 50, Sessional 35 and Final 15)
Practical: 2 credit hours (Total Marks 100, Sessional 70, and Final 30)
COURSE CONTENTS:
1. Concrete Masonry Units, Building Elements, Perforations and Tiles. (2 weeks)
2. Masonry Wall Construction (2 Weeks)
3. Steel Frame Construction (1 Week)
4. Light Gauge Steel Frame Construction (1 Week)
5. Wood Frame Construction (1 Week)
6. Building Finishes (Wall, Flooring and Ceiling) (3 Weeks)
•Edward Allen & Joseph Iano, Fundamentals of Building Construction, Fifth Edition, 2009,
Wiley P.
2. Understand various mode of construction techniques by using concrete, steel and wood
4. Acquaint with knowledge and understanding about external building finishes as well as
internal finishes (specially for walls, floors and ceilings)
Lecture Contents
•Manufacture of Concrete Masonry Units
Solid bricks
Large hollow units (commonly referred
as concrete blocks
Less commonly, larger solid units
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Lecture – 1: CONCRETE MASONRY October 2020 (Online Teaching)
Then immediately turning out the wet blocks or bricks onto a rack so
that the mold can be used at the rate of 1000 or more units per hour.
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Video
American standard concrete blocks and half blocks. Each full block is nominally 8
inches (200 mm) high and 16 inches (400 mm) long.
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Lecture – 1: CONCRETE MASONRY October 2020 (Online Teaching)
Mold costs for producing special units are low when spread across the number of
units required for a medium sized to large building.
A meson’s line is stretched taut The courses of blocks between the leads are laid
between the leads on line blocks rapidly by aligning each block with the stretched
line. The mason has laid bed joint mortar and
“buttered” the head joints for a number of blocks.
Video
The last block to be installed in each course of infill Both ends of the closer blocks are also
blocks, the closer, must be inserted between blocks that buttered with mortar, and the block is
have already been laid. The bed and head joint of the lowered carefully into position.
already laid bricks are buttered.
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Lecture – 1: CONCRETE MASONRY October 2020 (Online Teaching)
Horizontal Reinforcement
Joint reinforcement: if stronger horizontal reinforcing is required, bond beam blocks or
special blocks with channeled webs allow heavier reinforcing bars to be placed in the horizontal
direction and embedded in grout.
Welded grids; small diameter steel rods are laid into the mortar bed joints at the desired
vertical intervals.
Vertical Reinforcement
Vertical block cores are easily reinforced
by inserting bars and grouting.
In most cases only those cores that
contain reinforcing bars are grouted, but
sometimes all the vertical cores are
filled, whether or not they contain bars,
for added strength.
Surface Bonding
Surface bonding of concrete masonry walls has found application in certain low rise buildings
where the cost or availability of skilled labor is a problem.
The blocks are laid without mortar, course upon course, to make a wall.
Then a thin layer of a special cementitious compound containing short fibers of alkali resistant
glass is applied to each side of the wall with plastering tools.
After it has cured, this surface bonding compound joins the block securely to one another both
in tension and in compression.
The concrete blocks themselves are cheaper on a volumetric basis and are made into a
wall much more quickly because of their larger size.
Concrete blocks can be produced to required degrees of strength, and because their
hollow cores allow for the easy insertion of reinforcing steel and grout, they are widely
used in bearing wall construction.
Concrete blocks can also be used for the back up wythe behind a brick or stone facing.
Block walls also accept plaster, stucco, or tile work directly, without the need for metal
lath.
Construction & Materials III (AR 351) – Fall 2020 37
Lecture – 1: CONCRETE MASONRY October 2020 (Online Teaching)
Lecture # 1 (Week 2)
CONCRETE MASONRY, Building Elements, Perforations and Tiles
Course Facilitator:
Fariha Tahseen
E-mail: fariha_tahseen@yahoo.com
Terracotta
Hollow
blocks
Terracotta
Construction &Panel
Materials III (AR 351) – Fall 2020 45
Lecture – 1: CONCRETE MASONRY October 2020 (Online Teaching)
Video
Glass Blocks
Available in many textures and in clear, heat absorbing, and reflective
glass.
When glass masonry walls are constructed, the mortar stiffens more
slowly than it does with more absorbent units of clay or concrete, so
temporary spacers are inserted between units to maintain proper
spacing until the mortar sets up.
Video
Standard
Finish
Pigmented
Finish
Fair Face
Finish
Split
Finish
SPLIT BLOCKS
SOLID BLOCK
DESCRIPTION
Solid Blocks are ideal for load bearing applications reducing the cost of steel + RCC. Solid
blocks are available in various grades and sizes for a multitude of applications.
STANDARD DENSE – High density/strength, load bearing block for internal and
external use. May or may not require plaster / paint.
FILLER – “Open Texture” block for normal load bearing use. Requires plaster or rendering.
FAIR FACED / PIGMENTED – “Smooth Finished” block for load bearing application. Does not require
plaster or paint. Maintenance free.
STRENGTH
Architectural masonry blocks, fair face and pigmented blocks 1500 psi ± 5% Standard/Filler blocks 1000
psi ± 5% Standard Dense 1500psi or higher if required.
AVAILABLE COLOURS
Varying shades of Brindle, Charcoal, Grey, Mud, Terracotta, and Yellow.
BASIC APPLICATIONS
Boundary walls.
Partition walls.
Load bearing walls.
Facades and elevations.
Interior & exterior walls.
Landscaping decorative and featured walls.
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Lecture – 1: CONCRETE MASONRY October 2020 (Online Teaching)
KEY STONE
KERB BLOCK
PAVERS
CEMENT BOARD
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Ratio:4:1 •
4 Trolley Sand , 1
pack Cement
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Lecture – 1: CONCRETE MASONRY October 2020 (Online Teaching)
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FRAMING
PIECES
The shapes ,sizes and patterns are in a great variety for decoration and
daily use purposes .
CONCRETE TILES:
• Cement-based concrete is a strong material. While it’s commonly
used for commercial purposes to withstand wear and tear better
than ceramic and hardwoods, tiles manufactured from concrete are
endlessly customizable from a design aspect and have found their
place in residential homes for centuries.
• Price Range:
▫ Grey base Rs.85 per sq. ft
▫ White base Rs.100 per sq. ft
▫ Pigmented base is Rs.110 per sq. ft
• Installation Mechanism:
▫ For installation of these tiles 1 ½’ base wall is required to provide
strength to the walls of the façade.
Concrete Jalis
References:
www.envicrete.com
https://www.terracotta-panel.com/rainscreen
Market Visits to Thallas (NEPA, Orangi, Lasbela), Terrazo and Concrete Technologies
(D.H.A)