FCE 

431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

FCE 431: Structural Design IA 2020-2021

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MUTHOMI MUNYUA
muthomi@uonbi.ac.ke

27 October 2020

Course Outline
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 Reinforced Concrete Design

1. Elements of concrete construction.
2. Principles of reinforced concrete design.
3. Serviceability and ultimate limit states.
4. Designing of reinforced concrete elements for bending, shear and compression loading.
5. Detailing of beams slabs, columns, staircases and walls.
6. Foundation and Retaining walls.
7. Bond and Anchorage.
8. Fire protection.
9. Reinforced concrete slabs and yield line analysis.
10. Codes of Practice.
11. Design Exercises.

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FCE 431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

Course Outline
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Prestressed Concrete Design

1. Elements of precast prestressed concrete construction.
2. Principles of prestressed concrete design.
3. Tendon profiles.
4. Design of statically determinate prestressed concrete elements
5. Applications.
6. Codes of practice
7. Design exercises.

27 October 2020

References
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McKenzie, W. M. Arya, C (2009)

(2015) Design of Design of The Concrete
Structural Structural Elements Society (2009)
Elements to Designed and
Eurocodes Detailed –
Eurocode 2

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FCE 431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

Housekeeping
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Use your University email address

Coursework – 60% Exam – 40%
Timed quiz after every lecture – Deadline is midnight of
that day.
Make sure you press submit. Do not let time run out.
Slides will be posted on eClass.

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Elements of concrete construction

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FCE 431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

Elements of concrete construction

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WATER, CEMENT & AGGREGATE = CONCRETE

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8 WHY CONCRETE?

ABUNDANT
CHEAP
STRENGTH
AESTHETICS
LOW MAINTENANCE
DURABLE

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FCE 431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

9 D
U
R
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y
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NATURE OF CONCRETE

STRONG IN COMPRESSION

WEAK IN TENSION

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FCE 431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

11

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12 FACTORS THAT AFFECT STRENGTH OF

CONCRETE
 WATER CONTENT – WATER:CEMENT RATIO
ெ஺ௌௌ ைி ௐ஺்ாோ
 ൌ
ெ஺ௌௌ ைி ஼ாொே்

 Determine the water: cement ratio of the following mix Concrete C20/25
 Cement = 280kg/m3 fine aggregate = 420kg/m3 coarse aggregate =
840kg/m3 Water = 140kg/m3

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FCE 431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

13 WHAT HAPPENS TO THE WATER?

The rest of it remains within
the concrete structure trapped
within the pores and gel

Some of it gets lost

by evaporation and
absorption causing
shrinkage and forming
voids
Some of it gets consumed by the
hydration reaction where it
becomes part of the solid crystal
Microstructure
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14 WISE WORDS ON CONCRETE

“I’ve talked for a long time about the fact that we need a system of 
making concrete where we give the cement away free and we charge 
$10 a gallon for special water to mix it with, and it won’t set and 
harden unless you mix it with the special water.

That will make people cut down on the water – 99% of everything 
that’s wrong with concrete is the result of people putting in too 
much water.”

Mather, 2000

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FCE 431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

15 HARDENING OF CONCRETE

MUD HARDENS?

CEMENT HYDRATES

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16 HARDENING PROCESS (28 DAYS)

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FCE 431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

17 HARDENING PROCESS (1 YEAR)

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18 SPECIFIED CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTH

• The strength specified by an engineer is known as
the:
• specified strength or
• characteristic strength or
• specified characteristic strength (SCS)
• It is defined as the strength below which no more
than 5% of the results may fall.

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FCE 431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

19 PURE COMPRESSION?

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20 Setup at the UoN Materials Lab

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FCE 431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

21 CHAIN

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22 STRONGER LINKS

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FCE 431 – Structural Design IA 2020‐10‐27

23 REINFORCED CONCRETE

 Principle of reinforced concrete is that concrete is strong in compression & weak in

tension

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24
THE END
CONCRETE GRADES
SITE PRODUCTION STORING,
BATCHING AND MIXING,
TRANSPORT, PLACING AND
COMPACTING
CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
CONTROL OF CONCRETE
QUALITY - TESTS ON FRESH
AND HARDENED CONCRETE.
REINFORCEMENT BAR SIZES
AND DIMENSIONS.
FIXING FORMWORK - TYPES,
BASIS OF DESIGN, SURFACE
TREATMENT, STRIKING OF
FORMWORK AND CARE.

27 October 2020