Date: 31st Aug 2020

SLIDE NO. 01

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422)

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 02

Week-13

Lecture-02

Introduction to Bridges
(Components of Bridges and Types of Bridges)

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 03

Introduction to Bridges
A structure spanning physical
obstacles and providing passage
over body of water, valley or road
typically made up of concrete,
steel and wood.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 04

Introduction to Bridges
Bridges typically do not have architects -Structural Engineer is
responsible for aesthetics -Structural system is always exposed in
bridges

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 05

Introduction to Bridges

Bridges are exposed to the sever exposures. Expansion and contraction

due to temperature changes is a major concern. Durability is a major
design consideration in the analysis and design of bridges. In addition
to that routine inspection and maintenance is mendatory.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 06

Difference between Culvert and Bridges

Bridge is a structure having an opening not less than 6000 mm that
forms part of a highway or over, or under which the highway passes.
Structures < 6000 mm generally called culverts.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 07

Components of Bridges
A bridge consists of super structure and sub structure. In Super structure includes structural parts
of the bridge which provides the horizontal span. Whereas, in Sub structure, structural parts of the
bridge which supports the horizontal span.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 08

Components of Bridges

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 09

Components of Bridges

Cross Beams/

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 10

Components of Bridges

Shear Key/

Transom/
Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad
Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 11

Components of Bridges

Transom/

Pier/

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 12

Types of Bridges (Concrete)

1. Flat slab Bridge

2. Reinforced Concrete Deck Girder Bridge (RCDG)

3. Pre-stressed Concrete Girder Bridge (PSCG)

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 13

Flat Slab Bridge

Reinforced concrete slab

extending in two directions
and supported directly by
concrete columns. Span
lengths-typically ranging from
4m -12m

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 14

Concrete Beam Bridges

• Reinforced Concrete Deck Girder Bridge

• Pre-stressed Concrete Girder Bridge

GIRDER
A horizontal main supporting beam
commonly used in bridge construction

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 15

Reinforced Concrete Deck Girder

Reinforced concrete girders used
as main support of the deck slab.
Span lengths typically ranging
from 10m -30m

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 16

Pre-stressed Concrete Girder

It’s a type of Reinforced

concrete girder in which pre-
stressing tendons are used.
Span lengths-up to 40m and
50m for modified I-girders

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 17

Types of Bridges (Steel)

1. Steel Truss Bridge

2. Arch Bridge

3. Steel Plate Girder

4. Steel Box Girder

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 18

Steel Truss Bridge

Span lengths typically ranging

from 40m –130m. Compression
and Tensile Stresses generated
mainly in the superstructure
elements

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 19

Arch Bridge

A curved structural member

spanning an opening serving as a
support for the roadway loads.
Types of Arch Bridges
1. Through-arch
2. Tied-arch

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 20

Arch Bridge

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 21

Types of Bridges (According to System of Design)

1. Simple Spans

2. Continuous Spans

3. Cable-stayed Bridge –spans from 70m and over

4. Suspension Bridge -spans from 70m and over

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 22

Single Span Bridge

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 23

Three Span Bridge

For LONG BRIDGES, superstructure needs to have more than a
support at each end. Extra supports are called PIERS

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 24

Cable-stayed Bridge

Cables are suspended diagonally from

the tower to the bridge girder

Types of cable-stayed bridge:

• Harp Design

• Fan Design

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 25

Suspension Bridge

Deck is hang below main

suspension cables by hanger
ropes. Suspension cables are
suspended between towers and
have a group of parallel wires
bundled together to support the
stiffening girders/trusses
Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad
Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 26

Abutment
Abutment on spread foundation

Abutment on pile foundation

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 27

Classification of Pier

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 28

Bearing in Bridges

If the superstructure is free to move at both ends, the whole

superstructure could fall off its bearings. To avoid this, usually one end
of a span is fixed to the abutment or pier and the other end is free to
move

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 29

Expansion Joints

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 30

Expansion/Free/Sliding Bearing

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 31

Temperature Effects on Bridges

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 32

E.g. Temperature Effects on Bridges

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 33

E.g. Temperature Effects on Bridges

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 34

Splice Connection Locations

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 35

Splice Connection Locations

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 36

Simple vs. Continuous Spans

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 31st Aug 2020
SLIDE NO. 37

Simple vs. Continuous Spans

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi