book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:30 Page 24

www.gyproc.ie

24
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 25

Gyproc Plaster
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 26

Some things make

life better!

We’ve just done it!

Introducing New Gyproc Base Coat
A better and easier way to plaster
Gypsum Industries have just made life easier for you, by
introducing a new robust base coat plaster for use on
concrete block backgrounds. Specially formulated for today’s
busy plasterers, New Gyproc Base Coat is convenient,
high-impact resistant with low shrinkage and high
compressive strength. 50% lighter than
traditional plaster, it sets in hours,
allowing up to 40% more
productivity. Guaranteed by Gypsum
SpecSure Warranty. Make life easier
with New Gyproc Base Coat.
Gypsum Industries, Kingscourt, Co. Cavan. Head Office, Unit 14, Park West Industrial Park, Dublin 12. Tel: 01-6298400
E-mail: enquiries@gyproc.ie Web: www.gyproc.ie
 book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 27
T 00353 1 629 8400 F 00353 1 623 7054 E enquiries@gyproc.ie
INTRODUCTION
Gyproc and Carlite plasters provide a smooth high quality
surface to internal walls and ceilings. They also provide a
durable base for the application of decorative finishes. The
range includes two-coat plastering (using basecoat & finish
coat plaster), finish plastering over Gyproc plasterboards
and special application plasters*. The plasters can be used
in both new buildings and refurbishment and can be
applied to all common background types.
*Specialist applications include:
• X-ray protection
• Projection plastering
• Airtightness
• Salt retarding plastering
Gyproc and Carlite plasters are pre-mixed and only require the
addition of clean water. They have a controlled setting time
and are free from inherent shrinkage cracking. All plasters
are predominantly supplied in 25kg bags for ease of
handling and storage.
Limitations
Gyproc and Carlite plasters should not be used to isolate
dampness and are not suitable for use in continuously
damp or humid conditions.
IS EN ISO 9001:2000
Gypsum Industries manufactures its products under the IS
EN ISO 9001:2000 quality assurance system.
IS EN ISO 14001:1996
Gypsum Industries has an environmental management
system which complies with the requirements of IS EN ISO
14001:1996.
Handling and Storage
During handling, care should be taken to avoid puncturing
the bags or allowing them to come into contact with
dampness. The bags should be stored in a completely dry
place and never placed directly onto a concrete floor. When
storing on concrete the bags should be laid on wooden
pallets or battens. Poor storage or prolonged storage will
affect the setting time and ultimate hardness of the product.
Health and Safety
Safety Data Sheets for all Gypsum Industries’ products are
available to download from our website
www.gypsum.ie, or from our Technical Sales Department.
Durability
Gypsum plasters attain early strength during the drying
process and the plasterwork does not suffer from inherent
shrinkage cracks. Whilst the finished surface can be
indented by impact, the natural resilience of set plaster
prevents more serious damage. Where specified in locations
where there is a risk of repetitive damage, consideration
should be given to the provision of rails or other physical
barriers to protect vulnerable areas.
12. Tel: 01-6298400
Introdduction
CODES OF PRACTICE
The following should be referred to:
I.S. EN CEN/TR 15124:2005: Design, Preparation and
Application of Internal Gypsum Plastering Systems.
I.S. EN 13914-2:2005: Design, Preparation and Application of
External Rendering and Internal Plastering - Part 2: Design
Considerations and Essential Principles for Internal Plastering.
PERFORMANCE
Temperature
It is recommended that the background temperature should
be at least 5ºC and that the plaster should not be subjected
to temperatures below 5ºC before it has set. Dry bagged
plaster is not affected by low temperatures.
During application of gypsum plaster in hot and/or dry
conditions, care should be taken to ensure that rapid loss of
water is avoided. Gypsum plaster requires a proportion of
the mixing water in order to set and achieve full strength. If
the water is dried off too rapidly, the strength of the set
plaster will be impaired.
Once set and fully dry, Gyproc and Carlite plasters are
suitable for use in situations where the temperature is up to
43°C.
Reaction to Fire
The plasters are non-combustible when tested in
accordance with BS 476: Part 4 1970 (Amended 1984). For
the purpose of the Building Regulations 1997, gypsum
plasters are designated non-combustible materials,
(Technical Guidance Document B). Gypsum plasters also
satisfy the requirements for Class O surfaces.
DESIGN
Planning - key factors
When specifying the thickness of plaster, the specifier
should have an awareness of other design factors.
Examples include:
1. The finished dimensions of rooms and internal spaces.
2. The thickness of grounds (these should be less than the
specified thickness of plaster to allow for packing out).
3. The dimensions of joinery and its positioning relative to
the plaster face.
4. The positioning of installations such as heating
appliances and other fittings.
5. The accommodation of services.
6. The required fire resistance, sound insulation or
radiation control.
7. Minimum coverage of plasters.
1.1
27
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 28
Plaster Selection
Basecoat Plasters
Pre-mixed Gyproc and Carlite plasters are frequently used
due to the many benefits over site-mixed sand and cement:
• Consistency and quality assurance with factory controlled
formulation.
• Gypsum plaster has no appreciable shrinkage once set
while cement has an extended shrinkage period and
therefore may suffer from cracking.
• Gypsum plaster sets in a matter of hours allowing
significantly earlier application of the finishing coat
compared to finishing cement-based basecoats.
The range of gypsum basecoats designed for various
backgrounds and performances include:
• Gyproc Floating Coat
• Gyproc Base Coat
• Gyproc Bonding
These plasters offer the following benefits:
• Lightweight
• High coverage
• Ease of application
• Good impact resistance
• Early application of finishing plaster
• No scud coat required on blockwork
• Minimisation of crane usage in high rise buildings.
1.2
28
www.gyproc.ie
Finishing Plasters
Gyproc Plasterboards
Following the bedding in of Gyproc Joint Tape into Gyproc
Joint Filler or Gyproc Pro Fill, finishing for subsequent
decoration can be one of the following options:
• 10mm undercoat plastering on grey side with Gyproc
Bonding, followed by 2mm Gyproc Skimcoat or Carlite Finish
• Finish coat plastering with Gyproc Skimcoat,
Carlite Finish or Gyproc Board Finish plaster applied
approximately 2mm thick.
• Application of a special primer (Gyproc Drywall Primer
or Drywall Sealer) to the entire surface, following the
complete Gyproc Jointing Method (see section 2.2 )
• Texture coating with Artex.
b) Plaster Backgrounds
Where the background is a Gyproc undercoat plaster,
finishing is invariably carried out by application of a
gypsum based finish plaster. Gyproc Skimcoat or Carlite
Finish are applied approximately 2mm thick. Such a finish is
generally problem-free when applied over a gypsum
basecoat. However, cement based undercoats shrink for
some weeks while curing. This places shearing forces on the
interface of the cement based basecoats and the gypsum
finish, which frequently result in cracking of the finish or
even shelling of the finish from the basecoat. See section 1.4
and 1.11 .
Gyproc Plaster Beads
Please refer to section 8.2 for information.
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 29

T 00353 1 629 8400 F 00353 1 623 7054 E enquiries@gyproc.ie

Introduction
Gyproc Floating Coat and Base Coat Plasters have been
developed in response to a demand for a high convenience,
dependable, hard, gypsum base coat plaster providing a
high compressive strength and impact resistance. They are
specifically designed for use on concrete block backgrounds
and should not be applied to plasterboard.
Basecoat Plasters
Storage
The plaster should be stored dry, as the absorption of
moisture by any gypsum plaster shortens the setting time
and may reduce the strength of the set plaster. Where
storage areas have concrete floors, timber platforms should
be laid and the plaster stored on these. The shelf life of
Gyproc Floating Coat and Base Coat is 12 weeks.

Gyproc Floating Coat and Base Coat are manufactured Mixing

from retarded hemihydrate gypsum.
Reaction to Fire
The plasters are non-combustible when tested in
accordance with BS 476: Part 4 1970 (Amended 1984). For
the purpose of the Building Regulations 1997,(Technical
Guidance Document B) gypsum plasters are designated
non-combustible materials. Gypsum plasters also satisfy the
requirements for Class O surfaces.
Effect of Temperature
It is recommended that the background temperature
should be at least 5ºC and that the plaster should not be
subjected to temperatures below 5ºC before it has set. Dry
bagged plaster is not affected by low temperatures.
The plaster is not suitable for use in situations where the
temperature exceeds 43°C.
Gyproc Floating Coat and Base Coat plasters are premixed
with aggregate and only clean water need be added to
prepare it for use. No admixtures should be used. Mix to a
normal plastering consistency. Cleanliness is essential, set
plaster left in a receptacle from a previous mixing will
shorten the setting time. This can reduce the strength of
the plaster when set. Mixing trays and buckets must be
washed thoroughly after each mix. Mechanical mixing may
be used, but care should be taken not to mix through
the set.
Application
Dry blockwork should be well brushed down to remove any
dust or loose particles of mortar etc. from the surface. Any
metal objects such as nails etc. should be removed from the
face and blockwork should be well wetted to off-set
excessive suction in the background. Plaster of the correct
consistency should be applied with very firm pressure and
the Gyproc Floating Coat or Base Coat brought to a true
and level surface by means of a straight edge or darby.

The surface should be closed with a hand float and

thoroughly scratched to provide a key for the finishing
coat. Never attempt to retemper Gyproc Floating Coat or
Base Coat Plaster after the set has commenced.

Sector Guide
ure

ent

Hous ntial -

Apar ntial -

High ntial -
& Leis
ercial

ts
tainm
hcare
ation

tmen
trial

oria

dial

Rise

1.3
ing
es

e
Comm

Retail

Custo

Resid

Resid

Resid
Audit
Sport

Indus
Healt

Enter
Offic

Educ

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

29
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 30
Basecoat Plasters
Approximate Coverage
Gyproc Floating Coat plaster applied to a nominal thickness
of 10mm will give an approximate coverage of 117m2 per
tonne*. Gyproc Base Coat plaster applied to a nominal
thickness of 10mm will give an approximate coverage of
102m2 per tonne*. See Plastering Specifications,
section 1.11 .
*Depending on the straightness of the concrete blockwork.
Setting Time
3 to 5 hours, depending on background suction and
environmental conditions.
Projection Plaster
Gyproc Floating Coat, subject to suitable conditions and
use of appropriate equipment, may be suitable for use as a
basecoat projection plaster. A finish coat plaster of Gyproc
Skimcoat or Carlite Finish should be applied.
Finishing
A finishing coat of Gyproc Skimcoat or Carlite Finish can be
applied as soon as the Floating Coat or Base Coat has set.
The finish plaster should be applied to a nominal thickness
of 2mm and trowelled to provide a smooth finish.
Finishing coat coverage at 2mm thickness is 375m2 per
tonne. See Plastering Specifications, section 1.11 .
Drying
Adequate ventilation is an essential requirement to aid
drying out of all plasters. In accordance with I.S. CEN/TR
15124:2005 ‘when the application is finished Gypsum
plastering should be ventilated until it has dried.’
In addition, I.S. EN13914-2:2005 states that ‘if adequate
ventilation is not provided during the drying of the plaster,
then the strength of the plaster may be impaired and the
time at which decoration may start may be delayed.’
Decoration
Follow normal procedures and techniques.
1.3
30
www.gyproc.ie
Party Wall Sound Regulations
Technical Guidance Document E, Sound, 1997, provides
several specifications for solid masonry sound insulating
walls. Wall specification A is as follows:
A concrete blockwork or concrete brickwork plastered on
both faces
The average mass of the wall (including the
plaster) should be at least 415kg/m2.
The thickness of the plaster should be at least
12.5mm on each face.
Use blocks which extend to the full thickness of the
wall, i.e. blocks laid on their flat.
Example
215mm solid concrete block, 112.5mm coursing,
lightweight plaster; block density of 1860 kg/m3
gives the required mass.
Typically the required mass (415 kg/m2) can be achieved by
a 5N common block (must be confirmed by the block
manufacturer).
11mm Gyproc Floating Coat or Base Coat, finished with
2mm of Gyproc Skimcoat or Carlite Finish is a suitable
plaster finish to each side of the blockwork wall. The use of
Gyproc Floating Coat or Base Coat instead of the
‘traditional’ sand and cement allows earlier application of
the finish coat plaster.
Site sound test results are shown below:
Result Mean
(dB DnT,w) (dB DnT,w)
Site A 56, 57, 55, 56 56
Site B 58, 57, 57, 58 57.5
Site C 54, 61, 54, 57 57
These results are well in excess of the values in Table 1
of Technical Guidance Document E, 1997. Please contact
us if you wish to obtain a copy of the sound insulation
test reports.
Air Permeability
Plastering a blockwork wall with Gyproc Base Coat or
Floating Coat finished with Gyproc Skim Coat or Carlite
Finish will aid compliance with the air permeability
requirements listed in Technical Guidance Document L,
Conservation of Fuel and Energy, Dwellings, 2007
(implemented 1st July 2008).
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 31

T 00353 1 629 8400 F 00353 1 623 7054 E enquiries@gyproc.ie

Introduction
Gyproc Bonding Plaster is one of the range of lightweight,
retarded hemihydrate, premixed gypsum plasters, requiring
only the addition of clean water to prepare them for use.
Gyproc Bonding is a base coat for low suction backgrounds.
Reaction to Fire
The plasters are non-combustible when tested in
accordance with BS 476: Part 4 1970 (Amended 1984). For
the purpose of the Building Regulations 1997, gypsum
plasters are designated non-combustible materials,
(Technical Guidance Document B). Gypsum plasters also
satisfy the requirements for Class O surfaces.
Effect of Temperature
It is recommended that the background temperature
should be at least 5ºC and that the plaster should not be
subjected to temperatures below 5ºC before it has set. Dry
bagged plaster is not affected by low temperatures.
The plaster is not suitable for use in situations where the
temperature exceeds 43°C.
Storage
The plaster should be stored dry, as the absorption of
moisture by any gypsum plaster shortens the setting time
and may reduce the strength of the set plaster. Where
storage areas have concrete floors, timber platforms should
be laid and the plaster stored on these. The shelf life of
Gyproc Bonding is 12 weeks.
Basecoat Plasters
Mixing
Mix to normal plastering consistency using clean water
drawn directly from a tap or hydrant. No admixtures
should be used. Cleanliness is essential. Set plaster left in a
receptacle from a previous mix will shorten the setting time
and may reduce the strength of the plaster when set.
Mixing trays and buckets must be washed thoroughly after
each mix. Mechanical mixing may be used, but care should
be taken not to mix through the set.
Application
Gyproc Plasterboards
Gyproc Bonding should be applied to the grey face of
Gyproc Wallboards, 4x2’s, 8x2’s, Round Edge Greyboards
and Plank at a thickness of 10mm.
In-situ concrete
Plastering over in-situ concrete has long been regarded as
one of the plastering trade’s most complex problems.
Depending on mix, aggregates, chemical additives,
vibrating and shuttering, the surface of concrete can vary
from one contract to another and cannot, therefore, be
considered a consistent background for plastering. A very
smoothly finished concrete can inhibit good adhesion of
the plaster, as can concrete with a very high suction. The
shearing force set up by the differential expansion
between plaster and concrete can cause loss of adhesion of
the plaster. The formulation of a plaster capable of dealing
with all combinations of these factors has so far not been
achieved. However, experience over many years has shown
that once the concrete surface is clean and free of all dust,
mold-oil or other release agents the following methods
may be suitable:

Sector Guide
ure

ent

Hous ntial -

Apar ntial -

High ntial -
& Leis
ercial

ts
tainm
hcare
ation

tmen
trial

oria

dial

Rise

1.3
ing
es

e
Comm

Retail

Custo

Resid

Resid

Resid
Audit
Sport

Indus
Healt

Enter
Offic

Educ

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

31
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 32

www.gyproc.ie
Basecoat Plasters

(a) the application of ThistleBond-it in accordance with

section 1.6 or
(b) the application of Gyproc Bonding over a scudcoat
incorporating an S.B.R. bonding agent, applied as per
the bonding agent manufacturer’s instructions*.

*Scud Coat: Tests have indicated that best results are

obtained when a latex modified mortar of sand, cement
and a proprietary bonding agent such as Evo-Fix, or
equivalent, is applied as a scud coat. Such modified mortar
should be prepared strictly in accordance with the
instructions of the bonding agent manufacturer. It is
reiterated that the concrete surface should be cleaned
down and be free of all dust, mould-oil, or other
release agents.

Gyproc Bonding should normally be applied to a thickness

of 10mm. The coat should not be thicker than is necessary
to bring the work to a level surface, particularly on soffits.
The plaster must not be mixed to a softer consistency than
normal in an effort to apply a very thin coat since the
additional water used will reduce the strength of the
plaster. With thin coats there is also a risk of dry out.

Gyproc Bonding should be trowelled tightly with firm

pressure, built out to the required thickness, ruled to an
even surface and properly scratched to form a key for the
finishing coat of Carlite Finish or Gyproc Skimcoat Plaster.

Setting Time
3 to 4 hours, but may be affected by background suction
and environmental conditions.

Drying
Adequate ventilation is an essential requirement to aid
drying out of all plasters. In accordance with I.S. CEN/TR
15124:2005 ‘when the application is finished Gypsum
plastering should be ventilated until it has dried.’

In addition, I.S. EN13914-2:2005 states that ‘if adequate

ventilation is not provided during the drying of the plaster,
then the strength of the plaster may be impaired and the
time at which decoration may start may be delayed.’

Durability
Gyproc Bonding Plaster with a final coat of 2mm Carlite
Finish or Gyproc Skimcoat provides a plastering system
suitable for moderate to high impact/wear areas.

1.3

32
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 33

T 00353 1 629 8400 F 00353 1 623 7054 E enquiries@gyproc.ie

Background Preparation
SCRATCHING

All base coats must be thoroughly scratched to provide a good mechanical key for the finishing plaster.

YES Note how close and regular the scratch

marks are when a proper scratcher is used. NO Inadequate scratching can result in the finishing
plaster falling away.
Good scratching will not however, in itself
guarantee good adhesion. Materials similar
in appearance can have totally different
rates of absorption or suction. High suction
backgrounds can cause rapid dryout of the
finishing coat with consequent adhesion
failure, even when such backgrounds are
well scratched.

GREEN BACKGROUNDS

Another, and possibly more common problem is the

application of finishing plaster to ‘green’ backgrounds.
These are mortar backgrounds which are set, but are not
cured. The finishing plaster is killed at the interface and
there is no adhesion.

1.4

33
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 34

www.gyproc.ie
Finishing Coat Plasters

GENERAL

Carlite Finish, Gyproc Skimcoat and Gyproc Board Finish

can be used for finishing most backgrounds/linings. The
choice will depend on the background or lining (see Table
1) and the personal preference of the plasterer. They
provide a smooth, flat, high quality surface to internal walls
and ceilings, and a durable base for the application of
decorative finishes.

The plasters are retarded hemihydrate, premixed gypsum

plasters, requiring only the addition of clean water to
prepare them for use. They have a controlled, graduated set
and produce surfaces that are free from shrinkage cracks.

PERFORMANCE

TABLE 1: SUITABILITY FOR DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS

Background/linings Gyproc Skimcoat Carlite Finish Gyproc Board Finish

Gyproc R.E. Greyboard, a a a

4x2’s, 8x2’s, Plank
Front face of all Gyproc* a a a
and Glasroc plasterboards
Gyproc Floating Coat, Base Coat a a
Gyproc Bonding, Thistle X-Ray, Gyproc Dri-Coat
Sand/Cement Basecoats a a

*Gypsum plaster should not be specified as a finish to Moisture Resistant Boards as the board is designed to be suitable for
environments of higher than normal humidity, which no Gypsum plaster is designed to be suitable for. On exposed, untiled, Moisture
Resistant Boards, taping and filling is the recommended approach. However, if a plaster finish is required, the board should first be
treated with ThistleBond-it in accordance with section 1.6 . 6mm Gyproc Multiboards should also first be treated with
ThistleBond-it.

Sector Guide
ure

ent

Hous ntial -

Apar ntial -

High ntial -
& Leis
ercial

ts
tainm
hcare
ation

tmen
trial

oria

dial

Rise

1.5
ing
es

e
Comm

Retail

Custo

Resid

Resid

Resid
Audit
Sport

Indus
Healt

Enter
Offic

Educ

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

34
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 35
T 00353 1 629 8400 F 00353 1 623 7054 E enquiries@gyproc.ie
Notes
In areas of continuously damp/humid conditions, plastering
specifications are not recommended.
Where thickness in excess of 2mm is required,
consideration should be given to the use of Gyproc
Bonding (10mm thickness).
For full details, refer to Plastering Specifications, section 1.11
Storage
The plaster should be stored dry, as the absorption of
moisture by any gypsum plaster shortens the setting time
and may reduce the strength of the set plaster. Where
storage areas have concrete floors, plaster should be stored
on timber platforms. The shelf life of Carlite Finish, Gyproc
Skimcoat and Gyproc Board Finish is 12 weeks.
Reaction to Fire
The plasters are non-combustible when tested in
accordance with BS 476: Part 4 1970 (Amended 1984). For
the purpose of the Building Regulations 1997, gypsum
plasters are designated non-combustible materials,
(Technical Guidance Document B). Gypsum plasters also
satisfy the requirements for Class O surfaces.
Effects of Temperature
It is recommended that the background temperature
should be at least 5ºC and that the plaster should not be
subjected to temperatures below 5ºC before it has set. Dry
bagged plaster is not affected by low temperatures.
The plaster is not suitable for use in situations where the
temperature exceeds 43°C.
Mixing
Mix to normal plastering consistency using clean water
drawn directly from a tap or hydrant. No admixtures
should be used. Cleanliness is essential and set plaster left
in a receptacle from a previous mix will shorten the setting
time and may reduce the strength of the plaster when set.
Mixing trays and buckets must be washed thoroughly after
each mix. Mechanical mixing may be used, but care should
be taken not to mix through the set.
Finishing Coat Plasters
Application
All undercoats must be well scratched to provide a
satisfactory mechanical key. Particular attention is drawn to
the recommendation on the necessity to allow drying
shrinkage to occur in sand/cement, sand/cement/lime base
coats before the application of a finishing coat. Over-
trowelling should be avoided.
Decoration
Finishing Coat Plasters can be decorated with most
proprietary paint finishes, or wall coverings. The
manufacturer’s advice on the paint or wallcovering should
be followed for preparation, priming, suitable adhesives
and method of application. With new plaster, decoration
should not commence until the structure and plasterwork
have dried out thoroughly.
Note: I.S. CEN/TR 15124:2005 contains reference to
different levels of smooth finish, depending on the type of
paint that will be applied, for example, matt, semi-gloss
or gloss.
I.S. EN 13914-2:2005 states the following, ‘Whatever the
plastering system and finish and however skilled and
conscientious the operative, plastering is a craft and it
should be appreciated that it is not possible to achieve a
completely smooth and true surface finish. Painting will
tend to reveal any inherent surface irregularities. These
minor imperfections will be highlighted when gloss or semi-
gloss paints are used, particularly where the plasterwork is
subjected to intense or shallow angle lighting. Therefore
these types of paints and lighting require special additional
measures to be taken. Otherwise, the consequential minor
irregularities will have to be accepted.’
Mapping
Finishing coat plaster applied to sand and cement
backgrounds may, when dry, exhibit widely varying suction,
which, if not treated can result in difficulties in achieving
the required paint finish.
Variable suction can easily be identified by brushing on
water. Irregular patterns indicate variable suction, which
will require treatment before painting. The application of a
water-based stablising solution, applied in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions, may overcome the problem.
1.5
35
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 36
ThistleBond-it
Introduction
ThistleBond-it is a plaster-bonding agent for use on smooth
and/or low suction backgrounds. It provides a mechanical
key by means of coarse aggregate particles. It is used in one
coat only and allowed to dry before plastering.
ThistleBond-it is coloured light green to allow for easy
identification of backgrounds to which it has been applied.
Typically, once the ThistleBond-it has dried, Gyproc Bonding
plaster of 10mm thickness is applied and then finished with
2mm of Gyproc Skimcoat or Carlite Finish.
If the surface flatness allows it, Carlite Finish or Gyproc
Skimcoat may be directly applied to ThistleBond-it.
ThistleBond-it is suitable for preparation of a variety of
backgrounds before plastering or drylining for interior use.
If a plaster finish is required to a Gyproc Moisture Resistant
Board, or 6mm Gyproc Multiboard, ThistleBond-it should
first be applied.
Dabs of Gyproc DryWall Adhesive or Gyproc Compound
may also be used over ThistleBond-it.
ThistleBond-it should not be used where the plaster
contributes to the designed fire performance or plays and
essential part in fire protection.
Effect of Temperature
ThistleBond-it is not suitable for application to frozen
backgrounds. Site temperature must be maintained above
5ºC until thoroughly dry.
Drying Time
ThistleBond-it should be allowed a minimum of 24 hours
drying time, however, this can be dependent on both
environmental conditions and ventilation.
Storage
ThistleBond-it should be stored in a dry, cool and frost-free
environment. When stored on concrete floors, timber
platforms should be provided. Pallets of tubs should not
1.6 have any other material stacked on top of them.
36
www.gyproc.ie
ThistleBond-it, stored correctly, has a shelf life of 6 months.
Tubs are stamped with the date of manufacture.
Base Preparation
The base must be capable of providing support, be clean,
dust-free, dry and frost-free. Concrete surfaces should also
be free of release agents.
In addition, if ThistleBond-it is to be applied to a sand and
cement background, the sand and cement must be fully
dried and cured.
If unsure about the suitability of the background, Gypsum
Industries strongly recommends the preparation of a test
area prior to starting the project.
Application
ThistleBond-it is ready to use. Stir thoroughly before use
and apply evenly, preferably by roller. ThistleBond-it does
not require dilution.
Allow to dry thoroughly (please refer to Effect of
Temperature and Drying time for guidance).
Apply 10mm of Gyproc Bonding plaster and allow to set
before application of 2mm of Gyproc Skimcoat.
Alternatively, if the surface flatness allows, a 2mm coat of
Carlite Finish or Gyproc Skimcoat can be applied directly to
the ThistleBond-it, once dry.
Care must be taken not to apply to window frames, door
frames or other decorative surfaces. Once hardened
ThistleBond-it can only be removed mechanically.
Coverage
Approximately 4.5m2 per litre, depending on background
suction. ThistleBond-it is available in 10 litre tubs.
Cleaning of Tools and Equipment
Tools and equipment should be cleaned with water
immediately after use of ThistleBond-it.
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 37

T 00353 1 629 8400 F 00353 1 623 7054 E enquiries@gyproc.ie

Thistle X-Ray Plaster

Introduction
Thistle X-Ray is an undercoat plaster for use in suitable
backgrounds where protection from X-rays is required e.g.
areas within hospitals/dental surgeries. Thistle X-Ray has a
controlled set, and provides a coating which is free from
shrinkage cracks.
Radiation Control
The normal way of expressing the resistance of any
substance to X-rays is by comparison with lead sheet. For
example, with an X-ray tube potential of 75kV, an
application of 20mm of Thistle X-Ray gives the same
protection as a lead sheet 2mm thick.

Thistle X-Ray is a retarded hemihydrate, pre-mixed gypsum The table below lists three typical plaster thicknesses
plaster incorporating barytes aggregate, requiring only the against lead equivalence for six tube voltages from 50kV
addition of clean water to prepare it for use. With a final to 200kV.
coat of Gyproc Skimcoat or Carlite Finish, Thistle X-Ray
provides a smooth, inert, high quality surface to internal Where plastering over rib-lath, the thickness of plaster
walls and ceilings and a durable base for the application of required should be measured from the face of the lath.
decorative finishes.
Thistle X-Ray
Plaster
Reaction to Fire
Thickness X-ray Tube Potential
The plasters are non-combustible when tested in
50kV 75kV 100kV 125kV 150kV 200kV
accordance with BS 476: Part 4 1970 (Amended 1984). For
15mm 0.55 1.41 1.33 0.96 0.70 0.56
the purpose of the Building Regulations 1997, gypsum
20mm 0.88 2.00 1.92 1.33 1.02 0.79
plasters are designated non-combustible materials,
25mm 1.08 2.41 2.33 1.53 1.24 1.03
(Technical Guidance Document B). Gypsum plasters also
satisfy the requirements for Class O surfaces.
Note: The lead equivalence required should be
Effect of Temperature specified by the Radiological Protection Institute of
It is recommended that the background temperature Ireland, or the local hospital physicist. From the lead
should be at least 5ºC and that the plaster should not be equivalence the thickness of Thistle X-Ray plaster can
subjected to temperatures below 5ºC before it has set. Dry be determined. It is imperative that the specified
bagged plaster is not affected by low temperatures. thickness of plasterwork is achieved, in order to
provide the required degree of protection.
The plaster is not suitable for use in situations where the
temperature exceeds 43°C. Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland,
3 Clonskeagh Square, Clonskeagh Road, Dublin 14.
Storage Phone 01-269 7766 Fax 01-269 7437.
The plaster should be stored dry, as the absorption of
moisture by any gypsum plaster shortens the setting time Durability
and may reduce the strength of the set plaster. Where Thistle X-Ray with a final coat of 2mm Gyproc Skimcoat or
storage areas have concrete floors, timber platforms should Carlite Finish provides a plastering system suitable for
be laid and the plaster stored on these. The shelf life of
Thistle X-Ray is 16 weeks.
moderate to high impact/wear areas. 1.7

37
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 38

www.gyproc.ie
Thistle X-Ray Plaster

Background preparation should be applied at a thickness of 8mm up to the

Surfaces should be reasonably dry, clean, protected from thickness required and wire scratched between each coat.
the weather and suitable for the chosen specification. The final floating coat should be ruled to an even surface
Special precautions are often necessary due to the weight and lightly scratched to form a key for 2mm Gyproc
of the system. Skimcoat or Carlite Finish.

Walls To give full protection, it is essential that the finished

Thistle X-Ray can be applied directly to open textured plasterwork is completely crack-free. Thistle X-Ray should
dense concrete blocks. Other blocks and bricks (typically be therefore be applied with considerable care. Gyproc
lightweight or with poor mechanical key) require Skimcoat or Carlite Finish should be applied as soon as the
reinforcement with a suitable rib-lath, fixed in accordance basecoat has set.
with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Concrete lintels
within wall structures should be reinforced with expanded Setting Time
metal lath of a suitable type and gauge, again fixed in Thistle X-Ray has a setting time of 1.5 to 2 hours after
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. mixing. The exact set time is largely dependent on
background suction.
Soffits
Soffits of solid construction (i.e. concrete or pot and
beam) or timber joists require reinforcement with a
suitable rib-lath. Thickness, weight & coverage
Coat Approx. Approx
Mixing Backgrounds Thickness wt.set & dry Cov.

Thistle X-Ray is pre-mixed and only clean water needs to (mm) (kg/m2) (m2/1000kg)

be added to prepare it for use. Mixing should be carried

Walls of open textured dense 25 50 19
out in a clean tray or bath. Tools and water used in
concrete blocks or keyed
mixing must be clean. Contamination from previous mixes
surface bricks (fletton type)
can shorten the setting time and reduce the strength of
the plaster when set. Mix by mechanical whisk to a lump-
Other block/brick walls with 25 65 14
free consistency. If required, small quantities can be
rib-lath
mixed by hand.

Concrete lintels reinforced 25 65 14

Application
with expanded metal lath
Thistle X-Ray plaster should not be applied to plasterboards.
of suitable gauge

When plastering directly to suitable walls a total plaster

Soffits of solid construction 15 40 23
thickness of up to 25mm can be applied using the following or timber joist floors - both
method. Floating coats should be applied with firm reinforced with rib-lath
pressure at a thickness 8mm, wire scratched and allowed to
set but not dry between coats. The final floating coat
should be ruled to an even surface and lightly scratched to
form a key for Gyproc Skimcoat or Carlite Finish.

Thistle X-Ray can be applied to suitable rib-lath to a total

thickness of 15mm from the face of the lath in soffits, or
to a total thickness of 25mm from the face of the lath in
wall applications. Plastering of Thistle X-Ray to metal lath
involves first a pricking up coat, which should be forced
through the metal lath in order to provide a good key to
the lath. The surface of the pricking up coat must be wire
scratched to provide a good key and allowed to set but
not dry before the floating coat is applied. Floating coats

1.7

38
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 16/04/2010 15:59 Page 39
T 00353 1 629 8400 F 00353 1 623 7054 E enquiries@gyproc.ie
Introduction
Gyproc Airtite Plaster has been developed specifically to
achieve very high levels of airtightness in modern
dwellings. Gyproc Airtite is specially formulated to reduce
air permeability and specifically designed for use on
concrete block backgrounds and should not be applied to
plasterboard. It is envisaged that air permeability
performance levels are going to reduce further over the
next few years, driven through regulation.
Reaction to Fire
The plasters are non-combustible when tested in
accordance with BS 476: Part 4 1970 (Amended 1984). For
the purpose of the Building Regulations 1997, (Technical
Guidance Document B) gypsum plasters are designated
non-cobustible materials. Gypsum plasters also satisfy the
requirements for Class O surfaces.
Effect of temperature
It is recommended that the background temperature
should be at least 5°C and that the plaster should not be
subjected to temperatures below 5°C before it has set. Dry
bagged plasters is not affected by low temperature.
The plaster is not suitable for use in situations where the
temperature exceeds 43°C.
Storage
The plaster should be stored dry, as the absorption of
moisture by any gypsum plaster shortens the setting time
and may reduce the strength of the set plaster. Where
storage areas have concrete floors, timber platforms should
be laid and the plaster stored on these. The shelf life of
Gyproc Airtite is 12 weeks.
Mixing
Gyproc Airtite is premixed with aggregate and only clean
water need be added to prepare it for use. No admixtures
should be used. Mix to a normal plastering consistency.
Airtightness Plaster
Cleanliness is essential, set plaster left in a receptacle from
a previous mixing will shorten the setting time. This can
reduce the strength of the plaster when set. Mixing trays
and buckets must be washed thoroughly after each mix.
Mechanical mixing maybe used, but care should be taken
not to mix through the set.
Application
Dry blockwork should be well brushed down to remove any
dust or loose particles of mortar, debris, etc. from the
surface. Any metal objects such as nails, etc. should be
removed from the face and blockwork should be well
wetted to off-set excessive suction in the background.
Gyproc Airtite can be applied directly to open textured
medium or dense concrete blocks. Plaster of the correct
consistency should be applied with firm pressure and the
Gyproc Airtite brought to a true and level surface by means
of a metal straight edge or darby.
The surface should be adequately flattened with a hand
float. The most common applications over Gyproc Airtite
are either the Gyproc GypLyner systems or the Gyproc
DriLyner systems in which case the surface is not scratched.
When using the Gyproc DriLyner system, one can apply
Gyproc Compound to Gyproc Airtite plaster when the
plaster is set but it is good practice to let it dry out before
applying. Gyproc Finishing Coat Plasters such as Gyproc
Skimcoat or Carlite Finish must not be applied directly to
the Gyproc Airtite parge coat.
Gyproc Airtite should normally be applied to a thickness of
6mm but to a maximum of 11mm in one application.
Smooth or low suction background areas such as concrete
lintels or smooth faced engineered brick, particularly
window or door heads need to be firstly treated with
Gyproc Thistlebond-it, and allowed to fully dry for at least
24 hours prior to applying Gyproc Airtite to the said area.
1.8
39
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 40

www.gyproc.ie
Airtightness Plaster

Gyproc Airtite can also be applied over expanded metal,
but where specific air permeability is required, it is prudent
to allow for the thickness of the expanded metal to ensure
a continuous 6mm parge coat is applied throughout.
Approximate Coverage
Gyproc Airtite plaster applied to a nominal thickness of
6mm will give an approximate coverage of approximately
180m2 per tonne*. See plastering Specifications,
section 1.11 .
*Depending on the straightness of the concrete blockwork.
Setting Time
4 to 5 hours, but may be affected by background suction
and environmental conditions.
Drying
Adequate ventilation is an essential requirement to aid
drying out of all plasters. In accordance with I.S. CEN/TR
15124:2005 ‘when the application is finished with Gypsum
plastering should be ventilated until it has dried.’
Airtightness Test Results
The following masonry walls were constructed and a 6mm
application of Gyproc Airtite was applied to one side of
same. The air permeability tests were carried out in BSRIA,
a UKAS accredited laboratory. Test results on each of the 3
constructions are shown below.
The current Technical Guidance Document L, Conservation
of Fuel and Energy, Dwellings 2007 (implemented 1st July
2008) require buildings to be constructed to have an upper
air permeability performance level of 10 m3/h.m2. It should
be noted that plastering a blockwork wall with Gyproc
Base Coat or Floating Coat finished with Gyproc Skim Coat
or Carlite Finish will also aid compliance with these air
permeability requirements. Air permeability levels are
expected to reduce further in future revisions to Technical
Guidance Document L.

In additon, I.S. EN 13914-2:2005 states that ‘if adequate

ventilation is not provided during the drying of the plaster,
then the strength of the plaster may be impaired and the
time at which decoration may start may be delayed.’

Type of Blockwork Construction Air Permeability Air Changes Test Report

Performance Level
m3/h.m2 (50Pa)
215mm wide Block Wall on Flat House Room
(440mm x 215mm x 100mm)
Blockwall with 6mm Gyproc Airtite parge coat 0.11 0.047819 0.103289 24611d01

100mm wide Block Wall on Edge

(440mm x 215mm x 100mm)
Blockwall with 6mm Gyproc Airtite parge coat 0.12 0.050575 0.109241 24611d02

215mm wide Cavity Block Wall

(440mm x 215mm x 215mm)
Blockwall with 6mm Gyproc Airtite parge coat 0.27 0.112642 0.243307 24611d03

Notes: Assumption that the building has an Volume (m3)

impermeable floor & roof. House 576
Room 60
Envelope of house 240
Envelope of room 54

1.8

40
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 41
T 00353 1 629 8400 F 00353 1 623 7054 E enquiries@gyproc.ie
Introduction
Gyproc Dri-Coat is a cement-based renovating plaster
formulated for re-plastering after the successful installation
of a new damp proof course. Gyproc Dri-Coat can also be
used to prevent the migration of hydroscopic salts on
blockwork walls which have suffered excessive exposure to
moisture i.e. flood damage or similar. For other re-
plastering operations, Gypsum Industries recommends the
use of the appropriate plaster for the appropriate
background - usually Gyproc Base Coat, Bonding, or
Floating Coat.
Gyproc Dri-Coat should only be used for re-plastering after
the successful installation of a new damp proof course, or
elimination of the source of dampness.
Walls which have had defective damp proof courses (or none
at all) are likely to contain hydroscopic salts, which can
continue to be a source of dampness, even after rising damp
is prevented, because they absorb atmospheric moisture.
Gyproc Dri-Coat is cement-based with waterproofing
additives, which restrict the migration of these salts from the
background through the plaster and thereby limit their
detrimental effect on internal decoration.
Fire Resistance
It should be assumed that Gyproc Dri-Coat makes a
negligible contribution to fire resistance or fire protection
of building elements.
Effect of Temperature
Gyproc Dri-Coat is not suitable for plastering onto frozen
backgrounds. Use in ambient conditions below 5°C may
reduce the strength of the set plasterwork and should
be avoided.
Gyproc Dri-Coat Plaster
Once fully set and dry, Gyproc Dri-Coat should not be
exposed to situations where the temperature exceeds 49°C
due to potential detrimental effects on the finishing plaster.
Dry, bagged plaster is not affected by low temperatures.
During application in hot and/or dry conditions, care
should be taken to ensure that rapid loss of water is
avoided. The plaster requires a proportion of the mixing
water in order to set and achieve full strength. If the water
is dried off too rapidly, the strength of the plaster will
be impaired.
Effect of Condensation and Other Moisture
Gyproc Dri-Coat is unaffected by exposure to moisture
encountered in most building situations, however any
applied finishes, including finishing plasters may be
unsuitable for such conditions. Gyproc Dri-Coat must not
be used to resist water under hydrostatic pressure.
Background Preparation
The source of the rising dampness must be identified and
eliminated. The existing plasterwork should be removed to
a height at least 0.5m above either the new damp proof
course or the last detectable sign of dampness. Where the
old plaster is gypsum based, it must be completely
removed. Following chemical damp-proof injection, old
mortar joints, which are the site of the higher salt
concentrations, should be thoroughly raked out and the
face of the brickwork brushed with a wire brush.
Ideally, re-plastering with Gyproc Dri-Coat should be
delayed as long as possible to allow the background to dry
out. Before re-plastering, any salts brought to the surface
of the background during drying should be carefully
removed. Heavy salt contamination in the background can
cause persistent damp problems. Buildings such as old
farmhouses, stables and barns not originally built with a
damp-proof course, or buildings that have been exposed to
1.9
41
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 16/04/2010 14:19 Page 42

www.gyproc.ie
Gyproc Dri-Coat Plaster

storage of chemicals, are particularly at risk from this

problem. Gyproc Dri-Coat should not be used in these
situations unless a proper survey shows that the risk from
salts is minimal. An independent wall lining may be a
better solution. Chimney breasts are another area where
salt deposits may be heavy.

Storage
Bags should be stored dry, as absorption of water causes
set lumps to form in the bags and may reduce the strength
of the set plasterwork. If storing on a concrete floor, dry
timber platforms should be provided. Gyproc Dri-Coat
stored correctly has a shelf life of 6 months and bags are
printed with the use by date.

Mixing
Gyproc Dri-Coat plaster is pre-mixed with aggregate and
only clean water needs to be added to prepare it for use.
Hand mixing should be carried out in a clean tray or bath.
Excessive mechanical mixing should be avoided. Tools and
water used in mixing must be clean. Contamination from
previous mixes can reduce the strength of the plaster
when set.

Application
Application of Gyproc Dri-Coat can proceed once the
background is clean, sound, free from dust and
efflorescence, and where only residual moisture is present.
Low suction or smooth backgrounds, such as engineering
bricks, should be treated prior to plastering with a water
resisting bonding agent (by others) which should be applied
in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations.

Where the background is dry, it is important to control

suction with the application of water. This prevents rapid
drying of the plaster which would impair its strength.
Angle beads must not be fixed with gypsum-based
materials. The use of Gyproc Bead Adhesive is
recommended. If the floor is solid, a 50mm gap should be
left between the plasterwork and the floor level. Under no
circumstances should the damp proof course be bridged.
Smooth or low suction background areas such as concrete
lintels or smooth faced engineering brick, particularly in
older buildings or indeed areas such as window or door
heads should be firstly treated with a styrene butadiene
resin (S.B.R.) or equivalent.

Finishing
Initial curing and shrinkage of the scratched undercoat
must be allowed to take place prior to application of finish
plaster. In cold/damp conditions, or where background
suction is low, a longer delay will be necessary. If sufficient
delay is not allowed, cracking or shelling of the finish coat
may result. Finish using Gyproc Skim Coat or Carlite Finish.

1.9 Tiling
Tiles up to 20kg/m² can be applied directly to the Gyproc
Dri-Coat. If applying Dri-Coat to provide a background for
tiles, avoid polishing the surface. Polished plaster surfaces
should be roughened and a suitable primer used.

42
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 43

T 00353 1 629 8400 F 00353 1 623 7054 E enquiries@gyproc.ie

Casting Plasters
Gypsum Industries distributes a comprehensive range of specialist casting plasters. For additional information, please
contact our Customer Services Department at 01 629 8400.

Plaster/Water
Product Typical Applications Ratio Guide

Fine Casting Plaster An off white plaster suitable for fibrous plaster 100/70
work. i.e. decorative cornices, ceiling roses. General
casting, modelling applications also suitable for
carving.

Superfine Casting Plaster A white plaster suitable for fibrous plasterwork, 100/70
general casting, modelling applications, also
suitable for carving.

Helix Plaster A Hard White Plaster for use where colour, high 100/50
strength and surface durability are required in
Fibrous Plasterwork, GRG, Giftware and Modelling
Applications.

Herculite No 2. Plaster A Hard White Plaster for use where colour, high 100/42
strength and surface durability are required in
Fibrous Plasterwork, GRG, Giftware and Modelling
Applications.

Crystacal R Plaster An extra hard white plaster for use where high 100/35
strength and surface hardness are important
in GRG, Giftware and Modelling Applications.

Herculite Stone Plaster A white, longer, setting high strength plaster 100/33
suitable for Giftware and Modelling
Applications.

Crystacast An exceptionally hard plaster for use in giftware 100/28

and modelling applications where surface hardness
and exceptional details are important.

Crystacal Alpha K A new ultra high strength casting plaster developed 100/21
to replace resin in the production of fine detailed
giftware. Can also be used in other applications
including industrial modelling.

All packed in 25kg bags.

PLASTER TO WATER RATIO

A basic property of plaster is its natural water demand.
This is the amount of water required to combine with a
fixed quantity of plaster to obtain a standard ‘pourable’
mix. Both the plaster and water are measured by weight
and the required amounts expressed as a numerical ratio.
Therefore, a plaster to water ratio of 100:70 is equivalent
to a mix of 100 parts of plaster to 70 parts of water.
Generally, if a greater amount of water is used per 100
parts of plaster, the mix will be more fluid, the strength
reduced and the setting time lengthened. Conversely with
less water, the setting time and thus working time of the
mix are shorter but the hardness and compressive strength
greater. It is important, therefore, to consider the ultimate
use of plaster mix, selecting not only the type of plaster to
use but also the optimum plaster water ratio. It must be
decided whether workability or strength is more
important. The precise consistency to use will depend on
the individual application.
1.10

43
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 44

www.gyproc.ie
Plastering Specifications

BACKGROUND GRADE OF APPROXIMATE APPLICATIONS

BASECOAT SET-TIME

Concrete Blockwork Gyproc Floating Coat 3/5hrs Ruled to an even surface and
or Gyproc Base Coat properly scratched to form a key for the finish plaster.

Concrete Blockwork Gyproc Airtite 4/5hrs Ruled to an even surface as a parge coat only.

Concrete Blockwork Gyproc Dri-Coat 4/6hrs Replastering of walls following damp-proof course
treatment, delayed as long as possible to allow the
background to dry out.

Concrete Surfaces, suitably Gyproc Bonding 3/4hrs Bonding Coat applied with firm pressure, built out to
treated (see section 1.3) or required thickness ruled to an even surface and
Dense Concrete Blocks properly scratched to form a key for finish coat plaster.

Mortar (Sand/Cement) Matured mortar background, properly scratched

and prepared.

4x2’s Gyproc Bonding 3/4hrs Caulk joints with Gyproc Skimcoat, Carlite Finish
Gyproc Round Edge Greyboard or Gyproc Board Finish. Allow to set before
skimming commences.

4x2’s Bedding in of Gyproc Paper Joint Tape into Gyproc

Gyproc Round Edge Greyboard Joint Filler or Gyproc Pro Fill Filler. Bonding Coat
(applied when plaster used for treating joints and
angles has set) ruled to an even surface and properly
scratched to form a key for finish coat plaster.

Grey face of all square or Gyproc Bonding 3/4hrs Bedding in of Gyproc Paper Joint Tape into Gyproc
tapered edge Gyproc Joint Filler or Gyproc Pro Fill Filler.
Plasterboards

Front face (the side without the

paper overlap) of all Gyproc
Plasterboards* and Gyproc
Thermal laminates, and the
smooth face of MultiBoard and
FireCase s

Mortar (Sand/Cement/Lime) Matured mortar background, properly scratched

and prepared.

*Gypsum plaster should not be specified as a finish to Moisture Resistant Boards as the board is designed to be suitable for environ-
1.11 Boards, taping and filling is the recommended approach. However, if a plaster finish is required, the board should first be treated with

**Carlite Finish or Gyproc Skimcoat plaster must not be applied directly to Gyproc Airtite. Either a Gyproc DriLyner,
Gyproc Skimcoat plaster can be applied.

44
 book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 45

T 00353 1 629 8400 F 00353 1 623 7054 E enquiries@gyproc.ie

Plastering Specifications
COVERAGE PER GRADE OF FINISH APPROXIMATE SET THICKNESS OF
TONNE/THICKNESS OF TIME FINISH/COVERAGE PER TONNE
BASECOAT

117m2 at 10mm thickness Carlite Finish or 2/3 hrs 375m2 at 2mm thickness
key for the finish plaster. 102m2 at 10mm thickness Gyproc Skimcoat

parge coat only. 180m2 at 6mm thickness Carlite Finish or Gyproc Skimcoat 2/3hrs 375m2 at 2mm thickness
NOT applied directly**

g damp-proof course 125m2 at 11mm thickness Carlite Finish or Gyproc Skimcoat 2/3hrs 375m2 at 2mm thickness
possible to allow the

m pressure, built out to 121m2 at 10mm thickness Carlite Finish or Gyproc Skimcoat 2/3hrs 375m2 at 2mm thickness
even surface and
ey for finish coat plaster.

properly scratched Carlite Finish or Gyproc Skimcoat 2/3hrs 375m2 at 2mm thickness

coat, Carlite Finish 120m2 at 10mm thickness Carlite Finish or Gyproc Skimcoat 2/3hrs 375m2 at 2mm thickness
to set before

oint Tape into Gyproc Carlite Finish, Gyproc Skimcoat or 2/3hrs 300m2 at 2mm thickness
ller. Bonding Coat Gyproc Board Finish
r treating joints and
en surface and properly
nish coat plaster.

oint Tape into Gyproc 120m2 at 10mm thickness Carlite Finish or Gyproc Skimcoat 2/3hrs 375m2 at 2mm thickness
ller.

Carlite Finish, Gyproc Skimcoat or 2/3hrs 450m2 at 2mm thickness

Gyproc Board Finish

properly scratched Carlite Finish or Gyproc Skimcoat 2/3 hrs 375m2 at 2mm thickness

ments of higher than normal humidity, which no Gypsum plaster is designed to be suitable for. On exposed, untiled, Moisture Resistant
ThistleBond-it in accordance with section 1.6 . 6mm Gyproc Multiboards should also first be treated with ThistleBond-it. 1.11
Gyproc GypLyner or Gyproc GypLyner IWL system may be used in conjunction with Gyproc Airtite where either Carlite Finish or

45
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 46

www.gyproc.ie
Plastering Defects and Remedies

Maintenance and Remedial Work
Many plasterwork problems result from factors independent
of the materials used or the techniques employed in
plastering operations. Examples include dampness of
plasterwork due to rain penetration or a
defective DPC, cracking as a result of background movement,
and surface dampness due to hygroscopic salts. Whatever the
defect, it is essential that the primary cause is identified and
rectified before the plasterwork is replaced. The main types
of defect together with recommended remedial treatments
are listed below.

Plastering Defects Remedies

Bond failure between plasterwork and background
This is often the result of background movement or deflection. However,
it can also be due to a weak bond caused by poor keying of the
background, inadequate control of suction, use of the wrong grade of
plaster or the presence of residual moisture in the structure.
When movement has ceased or the residual moisture has
been removed, the affected plasterwork including any
suspect areas should be removed. The background should
be prepared and a coat of ThistleBond-it applied prior to
the application of a suitable grade of plaster
(refer to section 1.6 ).

Bond failure between finish plaster and sand/cement undercoat The affected plasterwork should be stripped off.
This takes the form of flaking, blistering, curling or shelling of the Re-plastering can take place once the background is
plaster finish. It normally results from applying plaster over a ‘green’ thoroughly dry after first applying ThistleBond-it in
undercoat (i.e. insufficient time allowed for the sand/cement undercoat accordance with section 1.6 .
to complete its drying shrinkage) and/or inadequate scratching of the
undercoat surface to provide a mechanical key. It can also be caused by
local exposure to excessive heat.

Cracking Localised cracks due to movement can be ‘cut out’

This is usually due to movement in the background/surrounding and filled once movement has ceased.
structure or to drying shrinkage in sand/cement undercoats. When the Otherwise, the recommendations given for bond failures
cracking is due to movement, it takes the form of localised cracks taking should be followed.
a definite line. On walls, they commonly appear around lintels and
window sills due to settlement and/or thermal movement. When
cracking results from drying shrinkage, it takes the form of hair-line
cracks on the surface of the finish plaster.

Crazing/dry-out of finish plaster The plasterwork should be stripped off and any dust
In hot weather conditions, or in situations where the finish plaster has removed from the undercoat surface prior to re-plastering.
been applied exceptionally thin, rapid drying out of the plaster can occur Apply ThistleBond-it (see section 1.6 )
before it has properly set. This can result in a soft and powdery surface.
The problems can also be caused by excessive suction, working the
plaster past its setting point or excessive draught during setting.

Dampness within the plaster
This can result from rain penetration, moisture ingress, defective
defective DPC or poor drying conditions preventing the plaster from
drying out.
The source of the problem must be identified and corrected
and the plasterwork allowed to dry out. If the plasterwork
fails to develop adequate strength, it will need to be
removed, followed by suitable background preparation
and re-plastering.

Surface dampness Condensation: The cause of the dampness must be

This is usually due to condensation which can form on new plasterwork eliminated and the plasterwork and the background
due to problems caused by inadequate heating and ventilation. allowed to dry out completely. If due to poor heating and
ventilation, these will need to be addressed accordingly.

Hygroscopic salts: If dampness is persistent, consideration

should be given to an effective treatment followed by
isolating the background from the room surface by
installing an independent plasterboard lining such as
Gyproc GypLyner or Gyplyner IWL.

1.12

46
book 1_jan10:Layout 1 15/04/2010 17:31 Page 47

T 00353 1 629 8400 F 00353 1 623 7054 E enquiries@gyproc.ie

Critical Lighting
I.S. EN 13914-2:2005

I.S. EN 13914-2:2005 states the following, ‘Whatever the

plastering system and finish and however skilled and
conscientious the operative, plastering is a craft and it
should be appreciated that it is not possible to achieve a
completely smooth and true surface finish. Painting will
tend to reveal any inherent surface irregularities. These
minor imperfections will be highlighted when gloss or
semi-gloss paints are used, particularly where the
plasterwork is subjected to intense or shallow angle
lighting. Therefore these types of paints and lighting
require special additional measures to be taken. Otherwise,
the consequential minor irregularities will have to be
accepted. See also Annex A.’

Annex A states the following:

‘As the general level of lighting can have a critical effect on
the appearance of a finished plaster surface, a higher level
of lighting is often needed for such work. The temporary
lighting conditions on site for the plasterer shall simulate
the same or higher lighting conditions produced by the
final permanent installation.’

‘When inspecting plasterwork for acceptance, surfaces shall be

viewed from positions normally used in the adjacent area.’

1.13

47