A p p l . M a t h . J . Chinese U n i v . Ser.

B
2001,16(4) : 364-368

A C L A S S OF SINGULARLY PERTURBED ROBIN BOUNDARY

V A L U E P R O B L E M S FOR SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC E Q U A T I O N

Mo Jiaqi

Abstract. The singularly perturbed Robin boundary value problems for the semilinear elliptic e-
quation are considered. Under suitable conditions and by using the fixed point theorem the exis-
tence ,uniqueness and asymptotic behavior of solution for the boundary value problems are stud-
ied.

We consider the following singularly perturbed R o b i n Boundary value problem for the
semilinear elliptic equation:
~2Lu = f ( x , u , ~ ) , x E ~, (1)
au
B u ~ a ( x ) ~nn + b ( x ) u = g(x,~), x E ~g2, (2)

where
" ~)2 . ~) " .

i,j=l i=1 l.j=l i=1

and s is a s m a l l positive p a r a m e t e r , x = (Xl,X2. . . . . x , ) Eg?,J2 is a bounded domain in R",

~ signifies the smooth boundary of J2 and ~nn is the outward normal derivative on ~ ,

a ( x ) > O, b ( x ) ~ b o > O. The author studied a class of singularly perturbed problems in

[ l ~ 7 ] b y using the differential inequality. This paper involves the solution for singularly
perturbed problems t o introduce local coordinates in an interior neighborhood of ~)g2 u s i n g
the multiple scales t o construct the boundary layer and t o prove the validity of the approxi-
mation use of fixed point theorem.
Assume that :
[H1] The coefficients of L , a ( x ) ,b(:c) , f and g are infinitely often differentiable w i t h
respect to t h e i r arguments in correspondence ranges~
[H2] T h e r e exists a positive constant c~ such that

~
~uf ( x , u , t ) > ~, g x E ~,g u E R

Received : 2000-10-07.
Subject Classification : 35B25,35J25.
Keywords : Elliptic equation, singular perturbation, fixed point theorem.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10071048).
 Mo Jiaqi BOUNDARY V A L U E PROBLEMS 365

and the reduced equation of ( 1 ) - - ( 2 )

f(x,Uo,O) = 0
has a solution.
W e now construct the formal asymptotic solution of the p r o b l e m ( I ) - - ( 2 ) .
If follows from [H2] and the mean value t h e o r e m that this solution U0 is unique and
the implicit function t h e o r e m gives U o ( x ) with UoEC~(g'2).
Let formal expansion of the o u t e r solution U f o r the original p r o b l e m ( i ) - - ( 2 ) be
m

U ( x , e ) ~ ~___aUi(x)~' + O(em+l). (3)

i=1

Substituting (3) into (1),expanding f in e and equating the coefficients of the same
powers of e,we o b t a i n
f,(x,Uo,O)Ui -- LUi-2 4- F, = 0, i = 1,2 . . . . . m,
where Fi ,i = 1,2 . . . . . m, are determined functions of Uj , j ~ i - - 1 ,and their constructions
are o m i t t e d . In the above and below, the value of terms with negative subscript is zero.
From the above linear equations we can solve U~ successively. From (3) we obtain the o u t e r
solution U f o r the original problem. But it may not satisfy the boundary condition (2) ,so
that we need to construct the boundary l a y e r term V.
Set up a local coordinate system ( p , ¢ ) near 3/2. Define the coordinate of every point
Q in the neighborhood near 3J~ in the following way :the coordinate p ( ~ p o ) is the distance
from the p o i n t Q to the boundary 3g2,where P0 is small enough such that the i n n e r normals
on every point of 3~ do not intersect each o t h e r in this neighborhood near 392. The ¢ = (¢1,
Ce . . . . . ¢, 1) is a nonsingular coordinate system on the (n--1)-dimensional manifold 312.
The coordinate ¢ of the point Q is equal to the coordinate ¢ of the p o i n t P at w h i c h the i n -
ner normal t h r o u g h the point Q intersects the boundary 3g2.
In the neighborhood of 3D: 0~<p<~p0,
3e , 1 32 .-1 32
3p3~, -3¢i3¢~
- 4- b. 4- ~ b,-~ , (4)
t = l t,j=l i=1

where

b. = 32P
a,~ 3x,3xj' b, = E ask 3x~3xk"
z. = j , k = l

W e introduce the variables of multiple scales E< on O ~ p ~ p 0 :

h(p,¢) -
r- - - , p=p, ¢=¢,

where h ( p , ¢ ) is a function to be determined. F o r convenience,we still substitute p for p be-

low. From (4) we have

L= ~go + TK1 + K 2 , (5)

 366 A p p l . M a t h . J. C h i n e s e U n i v . S e r . B Vol. 16,No. 4

where
32
Ko = a,,,,hZp 3~r ,

32 ~ i 32 3
K~ =2~=h, ~ + ~.,.h, + (~.oh,~ + b.h~)
i=1

32 .-i 32 ~ 1 32 3 ~-1

K2 =a"" ~fi2P2 + E a " ' ~ - ~ i - - E a i ~ 3x,3x------] - - b" N + E b" 3

~=1 ,.~=1 ,=1 ~"
Let the solution of original p r o b l e m ( 1 ) - - ( 2 ) be
u ( x , e ) = U ( x , ¢ ) + V(v,p,~,e). (6)
Substituting (6) into ( 1 ) - - ( 2 ) ,we have
~2LV = f ( x , U + V , s ) - - f(x,U,s), (7)

1 (x
BV= Tg , s ) - - BU, x E 3g2. (8)

Set
m

Y ~ ~v~¢ + 0 ( ~ ) . (9)
i--1
Substituting (9) into ( 7 ) , (8) and considering (4), (5),expanding nonlinear terms in ~,
and equating the coefficients of the same powers of s , w e obtain
Kovo = f ( r , p , ~ , U 0 + v0,0) -- f ( r , p , ¢ , U 0 , 0 ) , (10)
1
(Vo)~-- a ( x ) g o , x E 3~, (11)

Kovl -- f . ( r , p , ~ , U o + v o , O ) v , = - - K l v i _1 - - K z w i _2 -~ Gi, i = 1,2 . . . . . m, (12)

_ 1
(v,)~ a ( x ) [ g , -- B U i - l -- b ( x ) v i - 1 ] , x E 3g2,i = 1,2 . . . . . m, (13)

where G;,i = 1,2 . . . . . m , are successively determined functions w h i c h constructions are

omitted too, and
1 7a'g]
g'= ~L3s" £=0' i = 0 , 1 , 2. . . . . m.

Set

h(p,¢) =
f0~" dp

From ( 1 0 ) - - ( 1 1 ) we can have a solution v0 w h i c h possess boundary l a y e r behavior.

And form ( 1 2 ) - - ( 1 3 ) we can also obtain v i , i = 1,2 . . . . . re,successively w h i c h possess
boundary l a y e r behavior too.
Let v , = ~ ( p ) v , , w h e r e g z ( p ) is a sufficiently smooth function on ~ and satisfies
I 1
1, 0 ~. p ~ Tp0,
g'(p) =
2
o, p ) Tpo.
 Mo Jiaqi BOUNDARY V A L U E PROBLEMS 367

Then we can construct the following formal asymptotic expansion of the solution u for the
original p r o b l e m ( 1 ) - - ( 2 ) •

u~ 2
i=0
(Ui+vi)~i + O ( g ' + l ) , 0 < s < < 1. (14)

T h e function u satisfies by construction the boundary value p r o b l e m ( 1 ) - - ( 2 )

¢2Lu -- f ( x , u , e ) = O(e"+l), x E 4, (15)
B [ U ( . Z ' , ~ ) ~ == O ( G m * l ) , X E ~g2. (16)
P u t t i n g u ( x , e ) = u ( x , s ) + R ( x , ¢ ) ,where
m
u (x,e) ~ ~-](Ui + v;)¢, (17)
i=]
we get the remainder term R ( x , e ) of the boundary value p r o b l e m
~ZL(u+ R ) - - f ( x , u + R , e ) = O, x E g2,
B [ R ( x , e ) ] = O(em+l), x E ~g2.
Letting/~=gt(p)R. and using the ( 1 5 ) - - ( 1 6 ) yield
F ( / ~ ) : = ¢ Z L R - - f ( x , u + R , e ) + f ( x , u , e ) =O(Sm+l), X E F2,
B[/)(x,s)]=O, xE~.
As to the proof of the validity of the approximation (17) it is possible to use the fixed
point theorem.
The linearized differential operator L~ reads L ~ [ p ] = e Z L [ p ] - - f ~ ( x , u ,¢)p,and t h e r e -
fore
WEp] =--F[p] -- L~[p] =

f ( x , u , E ) -- f ( x , u + p , ~ ) + f ~ ( x , u , s ) p + f . ~ ( x , u + O p , ~ ) p 2 , 0 < 0 < 1.
F o r fixed e , t h e n o r m e d linear space N is chosen as
N = { p l p ( x , E ) E C2(g2),[B[p(x,s)]]l=~a~ = 0}
with n o r m II p ( x , ¢ ) II ----maxtp(x,e) I ,and the Banach space B as B = {qlq(x,e) EC(g2)}
xEg2

with n o r m t!q(x,¢))] = m a x l q ( x , s ) l. Because f . ( x , u , e ) > 3 > 0 we may apply the maxi-

xE-O
mum principle to the linear boundary value p r o b l e m L, E p ] = q , [Bp] I=e~----0. Choosing a
suitable barrier function,one easily shows that the condition
IILT'Eg]II ~<l-'l/gll, VgEB
of the fixed point t h e o r e m is fulfiled where l-~ is independent o f ~. The Lipschitz condition
of the fixed point t h e o r e m becomes
~zf ~ _ S2f, _
II gt[P2] -- g t [ p : ] ]l = max ~£Tu2kX,U+ 02p~,e)p~ -- ~uZk3c,u+ 01p,,e)p~ =

max~e~ ~ u2 ~ x ' u + .02P'¢) t92 - - p ~ ) -~- /~-~Uz k x ' t g - - 0 2 P 2 ' S ) - - ~ (32'01p1'$) J p~ ~

t,

c l m ~ x t ( I pl I + l~p~ I ) t p2 - p~ I } + C ~ m a x { I P : I ~ ' IP ~ - - P l I I < C ~ II P ~ -- P~ I I ,

xql2
where C1 ,Cz and C are constants independent of e and this inequality is valid for all Pa ,P2 in
 368 A p p l . M a t h . J . Chinese U n i v . Ser. B Vol. 16,No. 4

a ball aQN(r) w i t h [[ r [[ 4 1 . Applying finally the fixed point theorem Eg~ to the boundary
value problem (1)---(2),we obtain the result that the remainder term uniquely exists and
moreover
maxlR(x,~) ] = O ( ~ + 1 ) .
x E ~]

Thus w e have the following theorem:

Theorem. U n d e r the hypotheses [H1]--l-H2-] there exists a solution u ( x , ¢ ) of the singular-
ly perturbed problem ( 1 ) - - ( 2 ) for the elliptic equation and holds the uniformly valid
asymptotic expansion (14) for e in ~.

References

1 Mo Jiaqi,A class of singularly perturbed reaction diffusion integral differential system,Acta Math. Ap-
ph Sinica, 1999,15 : 19-23.
2 Mo Jiaqi,A class of singularly perturbed boundary value problems for nonlinear differential systems,
J. Sys. Sci. and Math. Sci. ,1999,12:56-58.
3 Mo Jiaqi,A class of singularly perturbed problems with nonlinear reaction diffusion equation,Advance
in Math. ,1998,27:53-58.
4 Mo Jiaqi ,A class of singularly perturbed reaction diffusion systems,Appl. Math. Mech. , 1997,18:273-
277.
5 Mo Jiaqi,A singularly perturbed nonlinear boundary value problem, J. Math. Anal. Appl. , 1993,178 :
289-293.
6 Mo Jiaqi,Singular perturbation for a class of nonlinear reaction diffusion systems, Science in China
Ser. A, 1989,32 :1306-1315.
7 Mo Jiaqi,Singular perturbation for a boundary value problem of fourth order nonlinear differential e-
quation, Chinese Ann. Math. Ser. B, 1987,8 :80-88.
8 Chang, K. W. and Howes, F. A. , Nonlinear Singular Perturbation Phenomena: Theory and Applica-
tions ,Applied Mathematical Science ,Vol. 56,1984.
9 de Jager,E. M. and Jiang Furu,The Theory of Singular Perturbation,North-Holland Publishing Co. ,
Amsterdam,1996.

Dept. of Math. ,Huzhou Teachers College,Huzhou 313000.