Simple Harmonic Oscillator SHO


 Somnath Bharadwaj
Dr. T. K. Nath,and Pratik Khastgir,
, Department Department
of Physics of PhysicsIIT
and Meteorology, andKharagpur,
Meteorology,
721IIT
302Kharagpur,
India 721 302 India
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 P t ti l V(x)
Potential V( )

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 P t ti l Energy
Potential E

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath,
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Ki ti Energy
Kinetic E

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath,
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Energy

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath,
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Ti Average
Time A

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath,
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 A
Average off oscillations
ill ti

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath,
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Average Energy

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath,
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Root Mean Square
q RMS

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath,
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Why study Simple
H
Harmonic
i Oscillators?
O ill t ?

 Dr.
Somnath Bharadwaj
T. K. Nath, and Pratik
Department Khastgir,
of Physics andDepartment of Physics
Meteorology, and Meteorology,
IIT Kharagpur, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
721 302 India
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 At i Vibrations
Atomic Vib ti

Particle disturbed from stable equilibrium

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Stable Equilibrium

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Th Potential
The P t ti l near Equilibrium
E ilib i

SHO

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 SHO aroundd equilibrium
ilib i

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Si l Pendulum
Simple P d l

SHO

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 S l ti
Solution

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Simple Pendulum
Assumption
A ti :
massless unstretchable string

= 0

© SPK
 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Compound Pendulum/Physical Pendulum
A rigid body which can swing in a vertical plane about some axis

Torque on the body

  I   M dSi 
MgdSin
I : moment of inertia of the body w.r.t
w r t the axis
passing through O

For small amplitude

I  mgd
mgd
0 
I
 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Parallel axis theorem

IG

I parallel axis = IG+Md2

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 I  I G  Md 2

I G  Mk 2

k: radius of gyration about the axis passing through P

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 2
k
d
mk  md 2 2
d
T  2  2
mdg g
l
of form T  2
g
2
k
l d
d
Length of equivalent simple pendulum
 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 LC Oscillator
O ill t

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Problem
A SHO with 0 = 2 s-1 has initial displacement
and
d velocity
l it 0.1 2 0 ms-11, respectively.
0 1 m andd 2.0 ti l
1. At what distance from the equilibrium
q
position does it come to rest?
2 What are the rms displacement and rms
2.
velocity?
3. What is the displacement at t = /4 s?

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Damped Oscillator

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Damped Oscillator

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 E ti for
Equation f Damped
D d Osc.
O

T i l Solution
Trial S l ti

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 R t
Roots

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 U d d
Underdamped
d

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 U d d
Underdamped
dOOscillations
ill ti

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 A E
An Example
l

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 L
Logarithmic
ith i Decrement
D t

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Underdamped
p oscillations

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Logarithmic decrement

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 E
Example:
l LCR in
i series
i

Find charge on the

capacitor at time t.

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 E
Example:
l LCR in
i series
i

Find charge on the

capacitor at time t.

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Problem

~
A  a  ib
~
Re( A) |t 0  x0  a
. ~ (i   )t
~ ~
v (t )  x  A(i   )e
(i   )t
 (i   )(a  ib)e  i (a  b )  a  b
Re[v~ (t ) | ]  a  b   x   b  v
t 0 0 0

v0  x0  ~  v0  x0  
b , A  x0  i  
   
 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 ~   v0  x0    (i   )t
x (t )   x0  i    e
   
 t
x(t )  e [ x0 cos t  ((v0  x0 ) /  ) sin t ]

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 O d
Overdamped
d

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 S l ti
Solutions

For initial position x0 and velocity v0

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Overdamped

For initial position x0 and velocity v0

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Hi h Damping
High D i

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 E
Example
l

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 C iti l Damping
Critical D i

General Solution

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 S l ti
Solutions

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 S l ti
Solutions
e

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Summary

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Si l ti
Simulation
Somlingeshwar Sharma
Abhishek Gupta

DC++
Nickname : silver , godricgriffindor
g g
Folder name: oscillator
Program: singleos

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/
 Si l ti Parameters
Simulation P t

Fixed 2

Variable b =

 Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India
Dr. T. K. Nath
http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/