NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

UNIFICATION OF GERMANY & ITALY

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 GERMAN
UNIFICATION

Germany was divided into a confederation of

39 states before it was unified
So let’s take a look at the process of
unification of the GERMAN STATE
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 ● The middle class in Germany in 1848 tried to unite small
German kingdoms who were suppressed by large
landowners and monarchs into one nation under an elected
body.

● Prussia, a German state took the leadership in

● unifying the small German kingdoms. OTTO VON
BISMARCK aimed at achieving the goal of unification
with the help of Prussian Army and Bureaucracy.

● Spread over 7 years, the Prussian Army with the help of

French, Danish and Austrian Army fought 3 wars and
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successfully incorporated all the small German kingdoms
printing and typesetting industry.
.This marked the completion of German unification.
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The German unification was completed in 1871 and
in the same year WILLIAM I
Was declared as the emperor of Germany at palace
of Versailles .

The process of unification of Germany

exhibited the power of the Prussian
state. Many new reforms were initiated
in banking, currency, Judiciary in
Germany.
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 In 1848 the Frankfurt Assembly was
held, which created a single unified

TIMELINE 1848
nation-state. A disagreement between
the radical and moderate liberals of 01
START Germany arose, and the German
Confederation was reinstated

King Wilhelm I died, and one year

02 later, Bismarck was appointed
Prime Minister of Prussia. 1862

In 1864 Prussia and Austria

joined forces and issued an

03
ultimatum
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1864-1865 demanding territory or face
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military
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your desired text here. lost
& Austria and Prussia split
up the land .

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 The Austro-Prussian War or Seven
Weeks' War was a war fought in 1866

03 between the Austrian Empire and the

Kingdom of Prussia, with each also
1866
being aided by various allies within the
German Confederation.

The Franco-Prussian War or

Franco-German War, was a

04
conflict between the Second

1870
French Empire and the German
states of the North German
Confederation led by the
Kingdom of Prussia in 1870

The victory in the Franco-Prussian

war gained the support of the
05 German people and Bismarck could
finally unify all of Germany. THIS 1871
COMPLETED THE UNIFICATION OF
GERMANY.
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 QUIZ TIME
ON GERMAN UNIFICATION

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 QUESTION 1 :
IN WHICH YEAR DID THE GERMAN UNIFICATION WAS
COMPLETED?
a) 1871
b) 1870
c) 1848
d) 1865
ANSWER : (a) 1871

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 QUESTION 2 :
WHO WAS DECLARED AS THE KING OF UNIFIED
GERMANY ?
a) Wilhelm I
b) Kaiser william I
c) Otto Von Bismarck
d) Count Cavour

ANSWER : (b) KAISER WILLIAM I

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 QUESTION 3:
WHO WERE ‘JUNKERS’?

The large landowners in Prussia were

called as Junkers.

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 QUESTION 4:
WHERE WAS KAISER WILLIAM I WAS DECLARED AS THE
EMPEROR OF UNITED GERMANY?
a) HALL OF MIRRORS
b) FRANKFURT PARLIAMENT
c) CHURCH OF St PAUL

ANSWER : (a) HALL OF MIRRORS

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 QUESTION 5:
HOW MANY WARS DID PRUSSIA FOUGHT TO UNIFY
GERMANY ?

a) 1
b) 5
c) 3
d) 4

ANSWER : (c) 3
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 ITALIAN
UNIFICATION

Before Italy was unified , it was divided into 7

states out of which only one, SARDINIA
PIEDMONT was ruled by an italian princely
house. So let’s take a look at how Italy became
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 ● The northern region of Italy was ruled by
Austrian-Habsburg dynasty. The central region
was ruled by Popes of France and southern
region by Bourbon Kings of Spain.

● The unification of Italy started with the secret

societies formed by GUISEPPE MAZZINI like
Young Italy and Young Europe.

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 ● COUNT CAVOUR , chief minister of Italy with his
tactful diplomacy with France defeated the
Austrians and freed the Northern Italy.

● GARIBALDI , with his armed volunteers called red

shirts defeated the Bourbon Kings freeing the
Kingdom of Two Sicilies.

● VICTOR EMMANUEL II defeated the Popes of France

freeing the southern region which completed the
unification of Italy. He was proclaimed as the king
of united Italy in 1861.

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TIMELINE FOR UNIFICATION : 1859:
COUNT CAVOUR WITH AN ALLIANCE
WITH FRANCE DEFEATED THE
AUSTRIAN FORCES.
1860:
GARIBALDI
WITH HIS
ARMED
VOLUNTEERS
1848: DEFEATED
FAILURE OF THE SPANISH
REVOLUTIONARY KINGS.
UPRISINGS BY
SECRET
SOCIETIES. THE
PRINCELY HOUSE
NOW HAD THE
RESPONSIBILITY
TO UNIFY ITALY. 1861:
UNIFICATION OF ITALY WAS
COMPLETED AND VICTOR
EMMANUEL II WAS
PROCLAIMED AS THE KING OF
UNITED ITALY

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 QUIZ ON UNIFICATION OF ITALY

1. Which was the only state ruled by an Italian Princely house ?

(a) Kingdom of 2 Sicilies

(b) San Marino
(c) Sardinia Piedmont
(d) Venetia and Papal States

ANSWER: (c) Sardinia Piedmont

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 QUESTION 2 :
Name the secret societies formed by Giuseppe Mazzini .

ANSWER : YOUNG ITALY AND YOUNG EUROPE

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 QUESTION 3 :
Who played a leading role in the unification of Italy ?

(a) Otto Von Bismarck

(b) Victor Emmanuel
(c) Napoleon
(d) Count Cavour

ANSWER : (d) Count Cavour

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 QUESTION 4 :

In which year was the unification of Italy completed ?

(a) 1848
(b) 1859
(c) 1860
(d) 1861

ANSWER : (d) 1861

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 QUESTION 5 :
Who was proclaimed as the king of unified Italy ?

(a) Count Cavour

(b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Kaiser Wilhelm I
(d) Giuseppe Mazzini

ANSWER : (b) Victor Emmanuel II

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