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(VMC-8501/8502/8503/8503A)
MICROPROCESSOR TRAINING
CUM'DEVELOPMENTKIT
BASED ON8085

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter-1 SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION "•
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS 2
SYSTEM CAPABILITIES ^
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
GENERAL ^
MEMORY ^
I/O DEVICES
8279, 8255. 8253, 8155 DISPLAY
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
Chapter-3
7
KEY BOARD DESCRIPTION
LIST OF COMMANDS Z' Zl 9
10
COMMAND DESCRIPTION ..
Chapter-4 ON BOARD INTERFACES(OPTIONAL)
30
ONBOARD RS-232-C INTERFACE 3.. 30
CRTTERMINAL INTERFACE 31
hyper terminal(WINDOWS UPLOAD & DOWNLOAD)
, e
Chapter-5
SERIAL I/O DEVICE COMMANDS
33
general 33
LISTOF COMMANDS 34
COMMAND DESCRIPTION 34
LISTA MEMORY BLOCK
EXAMINE/MODIFY MEMORY
ENTER A MEMORYT BLOCK 36
EXAMINE/MODIFY REGISTER
TIONS
SINGLE INSTRUCTIONS 38
GO COMMAND(G)I 3 38
VIOVE COMMAND
BLOCK MOVE COMMAND 38
38
INSERT COMMAND (I)
(I).
DELETE ; COMMAND 39
INSERT DATA(N)
DATA(N)
40
DELETE DATA(O)
41
FILL(F) 41
RELOCATE(H) 42
MEMORYCOMPARE(J)
STRING(K)

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter-7 SYSTEM EXPANDABILITY
ON BOARD EXPANSION 72
DETAILS OF CONNECTIONS 73
SlGNALSATCONNECTORCi(BUS) 73
SIGNALS AT CONNECTOR C2(TIMER) 74
SIGNALS AT POWER SUPPLY CONNECTOR 74
SIGNALS AT CONNECTOR C6(8155) 74
SIGNALS AT CONNECTOR C4(8255) 75
SIGNALS AT CONNECTOR C5(RS232C) 75
APPENDIX-A
INTERRUPTS IN 8085 KIT
APPENDIX-B
INSTRUCTION SET OF 8085
APPENDIX-C
assembler & DISASSEMBLER OF 8085 34
APPENDIX-D
SYNTAX OF8085 ASSEMBLER & DISASSEMBLER gg
MAINTENANCETIPSFORVMC-850X 90
REFERENCES IZIZZ".90
block DIAGRAM FOR VMC-8501
block DIAGRAM FOR VMC-8502 ."".1.".^" 92
***

Table ofContents
 VMC-850X User's Manual

Chapter-1
SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

VMC-850X series Kit is a single board MICROPROCESSOR TRAINING/

DEVELOPMENT KITconfigured around the mostwidely used Microprocessor
of todays world. Based on 8085 Microprocessor, it can be used to train
engineerstocontrolany industrial processand to develop softwarefor8080 and
8085 based systems.

The VMC-850X communicates with the outside world through a key board
having 28 keys and seven segment hexadecimal display.The kit also hasthe
capability ofinteracting with CRT Terminal and IBM PC compatible computer
system through the serial interface provided on the board.
VMC-850X provides8K/32K bytes of RAM and 8K bytes of EPROM.The total
on board memory can be very easily expanded to64K bytesin an appropriate
combination of RAM and ROM.The monitor is incorporated from 0000-1FFF
and the necessary 8K bytes of RAM has an address of 2000-3FFF.
The Input/Outputstructure of VMC-8501 provides24 programmable I/O lines
using 8255. It has got 16 bit programmable Timer/Counterfor generating any
type ofcounting etc.The Input/Outputstructure of VMC-8502issame as VMC-
8501 and it has additional feature of 22 I/O lines and a 14 bit Timer/Counter
facility using 8155.

The on board residentssystem monitorsoftware is very powerful and provides

varioussoftware utilities.The kit provides various powerfulsoftwarecommands
like INSERT, DELETE, BLOCK MOVE, RELOCATE, STRING, FILL &
MEMORY COMPARE etc.which are very helpful in debugging/developing the
software.

VMC-850X is configured around the internationally adopted STD Bus,which is

the most popular bus for process control and real time applications. All the
address,data and control lines are available atthe edge connector.The Kit is
fully expandable for any kind of application.

System Introduction
 VMC-850X User's Manual

SYSTEM SPECIFICATION FOR VMC-85Q1

CPU - 8 bit Microprocessor,the 8085
MEMORY - Total on board capacity of 64K bytes
RAM - 8K/32K bytes and space for further expansion
ROM - 8K bytes of EPROM loaded with powerful program
TIMER - 16 bit programmable timer/counter using 8253
I/O - 24 I/O lines using 8255
KEYBOARD - 10 keys for command
16 keys for hexadecimal data entry
1 key for vector interrupt & 1 key for reset
LED DISPLAY - 6seven segment display
4 for address field & 2for data field
BUS All data,address and control signals(TTL compat
ible available at FRO connector
INTERFACE RS-232-C through SID/SOD lines (optional)
POWER SUPPLY
+5V, I.SAmpforthekit
REQUIREMENT ±12V +5%,250mA for CRT/PC interface
OPERATING 0to50°C
TEMPERATURE

ADDITIONAL SPECIFICATION FOR

" & addiUonal 22 I/O lines S rf

a 14 bit Timer/Counter using 8155 IP
ADDmONALSPECIFICATinNFnRvMf'-R';n-» f
using 02 nos.of 8255 C
ADDmONALSPECIFICAriONFORVM^.«n,n f
SERIALCOMM. - ThroughRS-232Cportuslng8251 I
REALTIME CLOCK - Using 10 rpzlo

System Introductiorf
 VMC-850X User's Manual

SYSTEM CAPABILITIES(KEYBOARD MODE)

1. Examine the contents of any memory location.
2. Examine/Modify the contents of any of the uP internal register.
3. Modify the contents of any of the RAM location.
4. Move a block of data from one location to another location.
5. Insert one or more instructions in the user program.
6. Delete one or more instructions from the user program.
7. Relocate a program written forsome memory area to some other memory
area.

8. Find out a string of data lying at a particular address.

9. Fill a particular memory area with a constant.
10. Compare two block of memory.
11. Insert one or more data bytes in the user's program/data area.
12. Delete one or more data bytes from the user's program/data area.
13. Execute a program at full clock speed.
14. Execute a program in single step i.e. instruction by instruction.
SYSTEM CAPABILITIES(SERIAL MODE)
Most ofthe oommarKfs mentioned above can also be used In the serial mode.
Please refer to the chapter-5.

System Introduction
 VMC-850X User's Manual

ll^
Chapter-2
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

GENERAL

The system has got8085 asthe Central Processing Unit.The clockfrequency

for the system is 3.07 MHz and is generated from a crystal of 6.14 MHz.
8085 has got8data lines and 16 address lines.The lower8address lines and ^
8bitdata lines are multiplexed.Since the lower8 address bits appear on the bus r
during the first clock cycle of a machine cycle and the8 bit data appears on the
bus during the 2nd and 3rd clock cycle,it becomes necessary to latch the lower
hiisdurinathe2ndand8rdf!lnoU-/^»//Nia
8 address bits during the first clock cycle so that the 16 bit address remains ^
available in subsequent cycles.This is achieved using a latch 74-LS-373
MEMORY

ofEPROM for ? 2? Thereisone memoryspace 6264/62256

provided onchip and 8K bytes
VMC-850X.This
onespacecan be defined any addressslotsfrom 8000- DFFFdepending upon
t 64K\°i4es ° onboard memorycan beextended
I/O DEVICES

8279,8255&8253and VMC>8502
are8279,8255,8253&8155.Thefunctional role otallthesechipsisgivenbelow:
8279(Keyboard & Display Gnntrollpr)

code le entered in'tht RFO^Te?o'72&n^^\^^^^^^

microprocessor.8279 also refreshes the display RAM automatically.
 VMC-850X User's Manual

fl255(Programmable Peripheral Interface)

8255is a programmable peripheral interface(PPI)designed to use with 8085
Microprocessor. This basically acts as a general purpose I/O device o
interface peripheral equipments to the system bus.It is not necessaryto have
an external logic to interface with peripheral devices since the functional
confiouration of8255 is programmed by the system software. It hasgotthree
IriDU^Output ports of8lines each(PORT-A,PORT-B & PORT-C).PortC can
bedivided intotwo ports of4lineseach named asPortC upperand PortClower.
Any Input/Outputcombination of Port A,PortB,PortC upperand lowercan be
defined using the appropriate software commands. The port addresses tor
these ports are given in Chapter-6.VMC-850X provides24Input/Output ports
using 8255 chips.

ft253(Prograrntnable InternalTimer)
This chip is a programmable interval Timer/Counter and can be used for the
oeneration of accurate time delays under software control. Various other
functions that can be implemented with this chip are programm^Ie rate
nenerator Even Counter,Binary rate Multiplier,RealTime Clocketc.Thischip
has oot three in dependent 16 bit counters each having a count rate of up to
2KHz.The first Timer/Counter (i.e. Counter 0)is being used for Single Step
ooeration However,itsconnectionarealsobroughtatconnectorspaceC4.For
sinqle step operation CLKO signal of Counter0is getting aclockfrequency of
1 535 MHz The counter 1 is used to generate clock for 8251. Counter 1 &
Counter 2 are free for the user. Clock for the CLK1, CLK2 is to be given
externally.

fl155(Programmable I/O Port & Timer Interface)

Optional ^onlv in Model VMC-8502)
8l55isaprogrammablel/Oportsand timerinterfacedesignedtousewith8085
Microprocessor.The8155includes256 bytes of R/W memory,three I/O ports
and a Timer,This basically acts as a general purpose I/O device to interface
peripheralequipmentstothesystem bus.Itis not necessaryto have an external
logic to interface with peripheral devices since the functional configuration m
8155 is programmed by the system software. It has got two 8-bit parallel I/O
port( Port-A, Port-B) and one 6-bit (Port-C). Ports A & B also can be
programmed in the handshake mode, each port using three signals as
Hardware Description
 VMC'SSOX User's Manual

8251iUSARIl ysed as a

SrThis chip will signal the CPU the CPU.W

nlSPL^ wen seg vnen\. Whereasthe rest'

fSsSfSsSSSs--""!

Hardware
 VMC-850X User's Manual

Chapter-3
rnMMAND DESCRIPTION

KFYBQARD nPfiCRIPTION
VMC-850Xhas28keysandsix-sevens2mentd^spl^^^^^
below:

SHIFT

DEL
INS
DATA DATA

REL
EXMEM

MEMC
string
NEXT
PRE

|rpYP^^RD DETAILS
. Reset the system.
.Hardwarelnterruptviakeyboard,RST75.
VCT INT
.Provides a second level command to all keys.
.To execute the program.

ExamlneMemoryiallowsusertoexamineany
the contents of different regis
EXMEM location and modify any -
.Prevlousisusedasanlntermediateterm
^1 \

7 Command Description
 VMC-850X User's Manual

of Examine Memory.ItdecrementsthePCcontents and

writesthecontents of datafield tothe addressdisplayed
in the address location.

next - Increment is used as a intermediate terminator in case

of Examine Memory, Examine Register etc. It incre
mentsthe PC Contents and writesthe datalying in data
field at the location displayed at address field.
- Terminator is used to terminatethe command and write
the data in datafield atthe location displayed in address
field.

DEL - Deletethe partof program or data,with relocation by one

or more bytes.

INS - Insertsthe partofthe program ordata with relocation,by

one or more bytes.

b.m. - Allows userto move ablockof memoryto any RAM area.

FILL - Allows user to fill RAM area with a constant.

REL - Relocates aprogram written forsome memory area and

to be transferred to other memory area.
INS DATA - Inserts one or more data bytes in the user's program/
data area.

DELDATA Deletesone or more data bytesfrom the user's program/

data area.

STRING Finds outthe string of data lying at a particular address

or addresses.

MEMO Memory Compare*.Comparestwo blocksof memory foi

equality.

0-F - Hexadecimal Keys.

 VMC-850X User's Manual

A on the MSD of address display indicates that system is waiting for a

command.If, instead ofa valid command,the user gives a data,the system will
display '-Erf. A dot on the LSD of address field indicates that the system
expects an address. Whenever the data of any memory location is changed,a
dot is displayed on the LSD of Data Field.
The VMC-850X accepts all data and address in hexadecimalform asgiven in the
table -1.

TABLE-1

HEXADECIMAL DECIMAL BINARY LED DISPLAY

0 0 0000 0
1 1 0001 1
.2 2 0010 D
C
3 3 0011
4 4 3
0100
5 5 0101
H
6 6 0110 S
7 7 0111 6
1
8 8 1000 1

9 9 1001 8
A 10 1010 S
B 11 1011 8
0 12 1100 b
#
C
D 13 1101
d
E 14 1110 c
c
F 15 1111 F

LISTQFCQMMANDS

1. RESET

2. EXAMINE/MODIFYREGISTER

3. EXAMINE/MODIFYMEMORY

Command Description
 VMC-850X User's Manual

4. GO

5. SINGLEINSTRUCTION
6. BLOCK MOVE
7. DELETE
8. INSERT
9. RELOCATE
10. FILL
11. STRING
12. MEMORY COMPARE
13. INSERTDATA
14. DELETE DATA

nOMMAND DESCRIPTION

RESET
This key initializes the VMC-850X Kit and displays UP85'on the display A
on the left mostend of display indicates that the system is expecting a valid
command.

pyAMINE/MODIFY REGISTER(EXREQ)
This command is used to examine/modify any Internal register of the CPU If
one wants to examine the contents of all the registers, one can start from'a-
Reg.and examine all the registers by pressing next key Wherea<? if cnml
specificrdgistersistobeexamined,thenthekeyforthatregistercanbe6ntered
directly. The contents of any register can be changed.
Exercise

Examinethe contents ofC Reg.and D Reg.and change the

to 02.
contents of D Reg.

Command Description
 VMO850X User's Manual

ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD

HEX KEYPAD

SHIFT REG

2 3

E 2
NEXT

0 2

6 A
NEXT

OnpresslnoSHIFTajdREGk^^^^

add'E.d/ap/ayad,or C.^0RapMa.oroloo.aama
^Mrydataar^tokentorexompleonly.
EXAMINgMOBlFY^^ . ,
^
This command is used to e^mrn contents of any memory location and
modify the contents of the RAMa

On pressing this key,adotfedreplay^in^ceij^

enter the address o ^tiio contents ofthis location is displaye in .

1 Command Description
 be displayed in the data field. Same way if one wants to examine the content
of previouslocation just press PRE key and the address in the address field will
be decremented by one and its contents will be displayed in the data field.

press NEXT.Thedata field will be written in the addressdisplayed in the address

field and simultaneously the contents of next location will be displayed.
Exercise

Enter the following program:

Address Data Comments
2000 AF XRA,A
2001 C3 JMP2000
2002 00
2003 20

EMEM
1 •

2 0 0 0

NEXT 2 0 0 0 1 A

2 0 0 0 A F

2 0 0 1 0 2

0Q 2 0 0 1 C 3

0 2 0 0 2 5 0

2 0 0 2 0 0

12 Command Description
 1
VMC-850X User's Manual

NEXT 2 0 0 3

2 0 0 3

N0a 2 0 0 4

RESET - u P

Verify that the program is entered properly.

Note: Please note that data displayed on pressing NEXTI.e. 1A,02,50,25
and C2is some arbitrary data and need not be same, every time the
processis repeated.

GO
This command is used to execute the program in full clock speed.On pressing
this key,the program counter contents are displayed in the address field with
the data in the data field. A dot in the address field Indicates that the address
can be changed, if so desired. Enter the starting address of the program.On
entering this address,the data field gets blanked out. Press Terminate(.)key.
The CPU willstart executing the program and E will be displayed In the address
field.

Exercise

Execute the program entered earlier using examine memory command.

GO

Command Description 13
 VMC-850X User's Manual VMC-850X User's Manual

SINGLEINSTRUCTIONS(Sn The first command is executed i.e. A Register has been loaded wi _
examine the content of A Register. For this we will have to ter
This command is used to execute the program instruction by instruction. On command here.
pressing SI,the program counter content is displayed on the address field and
its data in the datafield. Ifone wantsto modify the address,one can do that.After
entering the address, press NEXT, the contents of the entered address Is
displayed.On pressing NEXT,one instruction will be executed and the address
of the next instruction will be displayed with its data in the data field. Each time SHIFT REG

NEXT is pressed, one instruction is executed. If one wants to terminate and

command at any stage,one can do that using (.) key. On pressing (.) key a
'is displayed in the address field. One can now examine any internal register
of CPU or any memory location and modify it if desired.
Terminate the command again.
Exercise 7

Enter the following program and run in SI Mode.

Address Data Mnemonic Comments To run the program further press SHIFT and St.
2000 3E 22 MVI A,22 Move 22 in a Register
2002 47 MOV A,B Move the Contents of B (!ii^ SHIFT

Register into A Register

2003 EF RST5 The program came back at the same address where we left it.
Software Breakpoint
Note:Enterthe above program using examine memorycommand. 2 0 0 3 E F
NEXT
The following is the procedure of executing in S|mode
P 8 5
- u
RESET

The program has gone back to monitor.

NEXT

NEXT
This command allows the user >0 ,ws key a dot Is dismayed
location to another ^ _ startim address of the blocks be m
at the end of address field. Enter t^ the end address ot the
14
and press NEXT. Again a dot is displayed, no
Descriptiion Command Description
 VMC-850X User's Manual
VMC-850X User's Manual

Exercise
block and press NEXT. Again a dot is displayed. Now enter the destination
address and press Terminate (.) key. A is displayed in the display. Take thethe
program for flashingisdisplayedforO.5
'SUPERB' in example 9 of Chapter-6. In this
program word'SUPERB* Sec.,thedisplay isclearedfor
Exercise
0.5Sec.and the logic is repeated.In this program,iftheclear routine isdeleted,
the word'SUPERB'will remain permanently displayed.
BlockMove theprogram lyingfrom2000to2003(intheearlierexercise)to2100.
Enterthis program from 2000to2029using Examine/Modify memorycommand
and delete the data from 201E to 2026.
B.M.
•

Run this program usingG Ocommand before deletingthe data.You willseethat

2 0 0 0
'SUPERB'is being flashed on the display. To delete the clear routine do the
foiiowing:
NEXT
y
On pressing SHIFT and DELete Key,some address is displayed. Enter the
\
•

starting addressofthe program and press NEXT.Now entertheend addressand

2 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 press NEXT.A dot is displayed atthe end of the Address field. Now enterthe
starting addressfrom wherethe bytes are to be deleted and press NEXT.Again
NEXT a dot is displayed at the end of address field. Enter the end address till where
• the bytes are to be deleted and press Terminator(.)key. A '-'will be displayed
t 0 0 2 1
in the address field indicating that the system is ready to accept the new
0 0 command.
•
-

SHIFT DEL 7 F D F
•

Verlfythattheprogramhasmovedto2100usingexamlnememorycommand 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0

DELETE(DEU
NEXT 5 F B F
Thiscommandallowstheusertodeleteoneormoreinstr.,oti« x t

program. In this command all the memory referencpH

modified accordingly to keep the logic of the proora also get 2 0 2 9 2 0 2 9

information is to be entered: "'"he foiiowing J

NEXT
1) Starting address of the user program. •

2) End address of the user program. E 2 0 1 E

3) Addressofthelooationfromwhereonwanisthehv,. y 2 0 1

4) Address of the location till where the bvtes . ^'^'obedeleted.

16 17
Command Description
Description T
 VMC-850X User's Manual VMC-85QX User's Manual
NEXT

SHIFT INS

Since we have just executed this program, the program address ar

disturbed. So we directly press NEXT.

Verify that the program from 201E to 2026 has been NEXT

program and see that the word'SUPERB'is deleted. Execute the

displayed permanently.
INSERTdNS)
Our last address is also 2020, so weCMjust press NEXT.
/ >

This command allows the user to insert one nr mor« .■ NEXT

program with automatic modification of the memory refemiTn •

This following information is required to be Ltered 'nstructions. '

1 E
0 1 E 0
1) Starting address of the program.
2) End address of the program.
3) Address from where the bytes are to be entered NEXT

4) No. of bytes to be entered.

5) Data.
9
>r- 0 0 0
9

Exercise
1J
Since
CM 9 bytes have to be entered.

insert the bytes again, which are deleted in th u NEXT

■SUPERB'. above exercise of flashing

On pressing SHIFT and INSert, an address k di. . the contents of 20 1E is displayed.
Enter the starting address of the program and press Nfyt^J field.
displayed. Now enter the end address of the nrnnr! ^' ^9^'" an address is 7 7 NEXT
c D NEXT

0 0 NEXT NEXT
1 1 NEXT

address
Enter thewhereyou
bytes youwish
wantto toenterthebyteswiSJ''® ^i" disolav h,.
insert using nSt k^^'1?^^^^®'"fhedatafilH NEXT
entered, a. B c NEXT
- Will be displayed c D NEXT

new command.

awill be displayed.

Descrinth
iption Command Description 19
 VMC-850X User's Manual VMC-850X User's Manual

Verify thatthe bytes have been inserted and execute the program from 2000to NEXT

note the flashing'SUPERB* on the display.

pPIOCATEmEU

This command allows the user to relocate program written for some memory
area,to some other memory area.The information required to be entered are:
1. Starting address ofthe program.
2. End address ofthe program. Now verify that2129 has got21. Execute the program from 2100 and notethat
3. Destination address where the program hasto be relocated. the'SUPERB will be flashing on the display.
The relocate command can be best understood with the earlier example of FILL
flashing'SUPERB.This program is writtenfor2000 memory area.Sothatjump
instruction for looping at the end is with reference to 2000 only Suppose you Thiscommand allowsthe userto fill a memory area(RAM)with aconstant.The
wantthis program to be executablefor2100area,then this can not be done by following information is required to be entered.
Block Move because when we Block Movethe programfrom 2000-2029to2100,
the contents of2127onwards will be 2127- C3,2128-06,2129-20.Where as 1) Starting address of the memory area from where the data should be
in order to execute this program from 2100,the content of 2129should be 21. stored.

This can be done using Relocate command. 2) End address of the memory area till were the data should be stored.
3) The constant with which the data should be done l.e. 22.
On pressing SHIFTand RELocate,adotisdisplayed in the addressfield Enter
thestartingaddressoftheprogrami.e.2000andpressNE^AS
again. Now erter the end address of the program i.e.
exercise

A9ainadot,sdisplayed.NowertGrthedestinationaddressi.eilOol^pr«^ Fill the RAM area from 2000 to 2050 with 22.
Press SHIFT and FILL.A dot will be displayed at the end ofthe address field.
Enterthe starting address and press NEXT.Again adotwill be displayed.Now
SHIFT REL
enterthe end address and press NEXT.The presentcontents of end address
will be displayed. Enterthe content and press (.).

2 0

c
NEXT

Command Description Command Description

21
 VMC-8S0X User's Manual
VMC-850X User's Manual

SHIFT FILL
addresses at which CALL OUTPUT instruction is lying.
2 0
Press shift and string key. Some address is displayed. Enter the starting
address of your program and press NEXT.A dot is displayed atthe end ofthe
addressfield. Now entertheend address ofthe program and press NEXT.Ado
NEXT
Is displayed again. Enter the address where the first byte ofthe string lies ahd
press NEXT.Again a dotis displayed.Now enterthe addressesatwhich the as
2 0 byte ofthe string has been stored and press Terminate(.)key.Thesystem w
display the first address(within the specified program)at which the string le •
Press NEXTto see the nextaddress.This way using NEXT key youcans
NEXT
the address at which the string of Data is lying. A is display^'
addresses(at which the string or Data is lying) have been display
05 is just some random data which was lying at 2000. Press'2' key twice and
press Terminate(.) key. Note: Ifyou don/tknow thefirstandlastaddresses where be
the string can be stored in another area and these adares
given. In this example the string is firststored at2100.

0
SHIFT STTIQ 2 0 0
3CC
Verify that 22 is filled from 2000 to 2050. .\_D| some random address is displayed:
STRING

This command allows the user to find the address or addres-soc ♦ u

particularstringof Dataislyingwithinaspecifiedprogram ^a^ which a
means afew bytes of Data lying consecutively one after ancrthe/ ^ ^^
The following information needsto be entered.
•I) Starting address ofthe program. A
2) End address of the program.
3) Address of the location at which the first byte of the f
4) Address of the location at which the last byte ofthe string
Suppose in the earlier example offlashing'SUPERB' vo
u wantto find outthe 5

2!
Comma„<(Oe«„p„„„ 5

Description
 VMC-850X User's Manual VMC-850X User's Manual

field. Enter the starting address of the first block and press NEXT.Again a dot
2 0 0 B
is displayed. Enter the end address of the first block and press NEXT.A dot is
displayed. Now enter the starting address of the second block and press
Terminate {.)key.
first string address is displayed.

NEXT 2 0 1 5 c— ^
SHIFT MEMO
•
NEXT -

2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
in the above ®x3f"P'e notethetwoaddressatwhich'Call Outpuf islying.These
address will be and 2015.Verify by Examine memory command that CD NEXT
DO 05 IS lying at 200B and 2015 onwards. •

2
MEMORYCOMPAREnwiFMri 2 0 0 9 0 0

NEXT
•

will be displayed.Theflowing Wormata nSsfo Se

2 , 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
1) Starting address of the first Block.
2) End address of the first Block. • —

3) Starting address of the second Block.

Since the two blocks are identical awill be displayed.
Exercise
Now change the content of 2005 to 50 and that of 2008 to 68. Again use the
Enter thefollowing Dafa using Examine Memory oommand: Memory Compare command as mentioned above.You willse thatan address
2005 will be displayed on the address field and its contents in the data field.
2000 - 00 2005 Press NEXT and now 2008 will be displayed with the contents. On pressing
55
2001 - 11 2006
2002 - 22 2007 66 NEXT, wili be displayed indicating that the two blocks are identical.
77
2003 - 33 2008
2004 - 44 2009 88 INSERTDATA(INSD)
99
Now Block Move this block to 2100 using B M This command is exactly same as INSert except that in this command the
Compare command asfollows; command. Now use Memory relocation is not done after inserting the bytes.

Press SHIFT and Memory Compare.A dot is displayed This command allows the user to insert one or more instructions in the user's
at the end of address
Command Description 25
Command Description
 VMC-850X User's Manual VMC-850X User's Manual

' f- c w
program without automatic modification ofthe memory referenced instructions. 2 0 1 E 2 0 1 E
This following information is required to be entered. c

1) Starting address of the program. NEXT

2) End address of the program. ■

3) Address from where the bytes are to be entered. 0 0 0 9

9
4) No. of bytes to be entered. 5^ .

5) Data.
Since 9 bytes have to be entered,
Exercise f
E
Insert the bytes again, which are deleted in the above exercise of flashing NEXT
2 0 1

SUPERB'. the contents of 201E is displayed.

On presshg 'NSert an address is displayed on the address field Enter the
starting addressofthe program and press NEXT Aoain an aHHrooo , ? C D NEXT 7 7 NEXT NEXT

Now enter the end address of the program and press NEXT
at the end of the address field. Enter thradH^'^l^S.^ displayed
entered and press NEXT. A dor"s dispfaye^Sain^ nSw ent® 1 1 NEXT 0 0 NEXT NEXT

bytesto be entered and press NEXT.Thesystem will riic=^ number of

NEXT
D NEXT B c NEXT
C
displayed indicating that the system is ready to accent
auy 10 a new
accept a n command
"^
a will be displayed.

INS
DATA

Since we have iust executed this program, the program addre« C

disturbed.So we directly press NEXT. ^ aaaress are not Verify thatthe bytes have display. It is

NEXT
difference from INSERT(INS).
Our last address is also 2020,so we just press NEXT
DELETE(DELI command the
This command is exactly
relocation is not done after dele i 9
S>^
Descrii
iption
Command Description
 VMC-850X User's Manual
VMC-850X User's Manual

Thiscommand allowsthe userto delete one or more Instructionsfrom the user's 5 F B F

program. In this command all the memory referenced instructions will not get NEXT

modified according to the logic ofthe program.The following information is to

9 2 0 2 9
be entered: 2 0 2

1) Starting address ofthe user program. r

NEXT
^

2) End address ofthe user program. •

r *

E 2 0 1 E
4) Address of the location till where the bytes are to be deleted. 2 0 1

Exercise NEXT
•

Take the program for flashino 'SUPPPr- ir. . « r

0 2 6 2 0 2 6
2
programtheword'SUPERB'isdisplavedforn ^
0.5Sec.and thelogicis repeated In this proaram ifth f
.Haword^UPERB^willreLnpe^XTpC -

Verify that the program from 201E to 2026 has been deleted. Execute the
program.See that the word'SUPERB'will not be displayed permanently.It is
due to the modification has not done at the corresponding routine.This is the
aUPERBTSI.gSfdTttedM^^^^^ ^®'®t® the clear routine do the
following:
differencefromDELETE(DEL.)

On pressing SHIFT and DELete Key,some

^V •
•

startingaddressoftheprogramandpressNEVT m ^'®P'®y®d- Enter the

press NEXT
press NEXT.A dot is displayed atthe end of th end addressand
starting addressfrom wherethe bytes areto b d i enter the
a uui ..p ai i.ic ci iu oT aodrsss field Fntor th - •"a«"■
the bytes are to be deleted and press Terminat T/ till where
in the address field indicating that the sv^itam • ^'"'will be displayed
-mmand.
command '^®®^y to accept the new

29
Command Description Command Description
 VMC-850X User's Manual ^ VMC-850X User's Manual
Chapter-4 ,^EDURE
HROCEDliRF OF
OF INTERFACIN_G
INTFRFACING BbI
hyper TERMINAL FACILITY OF WIN 95/98MiM^
ON BOARD INTERFAr.F
1. SWITCH ON PC AS WELL AS KIT.CONNECT RS-232 CAJLE
(OPTIONAU CRT CONNECTOR (C5)OF KIT TO PC COM PORT
2. IN CASE OF WITHOUT BUILT IN
ONBOARD RS-232-CINTERFAnF
properly +5.+i2,-i2 andgnd
To enhance the capabilities of VMC-850X, onboard interfaces for RS-232C for inbuilt power supply no NEED TO CONNECT
have been
CRT provided.
terminal canThe
beCRT terminal provides
connected RS-232-C
to VMG-850X interface
throuqh the and so a
standard SUPPLIES. aPPLICATIO'^
interfaces. The RS-232-C interface is provided through SID & SOD linea of enable hyper TERMINAL FROM
8085 microprocessor. (START/PROGRAMS/ACCESSORIES/COMM
D

SI. Interface
TERMINAL) d
Jumper Setting
No. at Connector 05 at J2 CLICK ON HYPERTRM ICON AND GIVE ANY NAM
PARAMETERS)AND CLICK OK.
1. RS-232-Cwith
SID/SOD lines CHOOSE DIRECT TO C0M1 OR COM2 AND CLI n

)r

^PT PARAMETER AS FOLLOWS : ^

N
2. RS-232-C
using USART
key
PITS PER SECOND 4800
PRESS

PaI^ BITS
rgr TERMINAL INTERFACF none -11
1) Connect CRT cable to the terminal.
2) Switch ON the power supply. Press 8 ^^ONTROL
00 ON MENU BAR NONE
SELECT FILE—PprOPERTIF^
reset key and then
key of the Kit. press SCTI irx
SETUP .
^^011 SENDING: "lineHlay jay ^
^qRCF incoming-."
The kit is now ready to interact with the terminal at tha ha.
the terminal. set earlier CHARACTER D^LA
''^BCII RECEVING: enable

^PTER pressing
Board Interface '

Interface
 VMC-850X User's Manual VMC-850X User's Manual

OF PC KAYBOARD,THE DISPLAY OF KIT WILL DISAPPEAR. AND Chapter-5

WILL APPEAR ON HYPER TERMINAL SCREEN.
IIPLOADING PROCEDURE FROM KIT TO PC FOR 8085 KIT
1. FOLLOW THE PROCEDURE OF PREVIOUS FOR COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN AND PC KIT.
2. WRITE L2000 200F(STARTING AND ENDING ADDRESS OF RAM)
3. ON MENU BAR SELECT TRANSFER—CAPATURE TEXT.
4. CLICK ON IT AND GIVE ANY NAME WITH TXT EXTENSION (PATH:
Fj|^ES^CCESSORIES\HYPER TERMINAL\XXX.TXT)AND CLICK ON
SERIAL I/O DEVICE COMMANDS
GENERAL
The VMC-850X responds to the serial I/O device when the system mode Is
changedfrom the key board modetoaserlal I/O device mode(SIOD Mode).The
monitor responds by outputting a carriage return, a line feed and a prompt
character (.) on the I/O device. Convey command Is In the form of a single
alphabetic character specifying the command, parameters are entered as
hexadecimal numbers.

The NEXT command In the key board mode can be executed by space(SP),
5. after that press SHIFT+$ key of PC KEYBOARD THE AD acomma(,)and acarriage return(CR).Similarly$sign Is equlvalentto a EXEC
DRESS AND DATA FIELD WILL APPEAR ON HYPER TERMINAL SCREEN. key0In the keyboard mode.Thecodeforeach key as It Is pressed on theSIOD
GO IN MENU BAR SELECT TRANSFER—CAPATURE TEXT Isjustechoed back to the SIOD before monitortakes any action.CR Is echoed
— STOP—FILE—SAVE. as CR and line feed(LF).Semicolon (;)Is a delimiter character used in ENTER
command only. A space or a carriage return can also be used as a delimiter.
above"^^ given path as The SIOD works on hexadecimal nos. all the Information Is to be entered In
nOWNLOADING PROCEDURP pg to hexadecimalform.TheSIOD will promptaonthe outputting deviceforany error
condition. The error conditions are similar to the key board error conditions. A
betvSand for communication carriage return, a line feed and the prompt character Is given out and a new
2.
command can be entered now.
S SELECT TRANSFER-
CLIGK ON XXX.TXT FILE AND OPEN IT.
AFTER SOME SECOND " " WILL APPpad aoaik. I i^TOFCOMMANDS
ENTER KEY OF PC KEYBOARD, IT INDIES 1. L List a memory block
SUCCESSFULLY LOAD IN KIT MEMCDRY XXX.TXT FILE IS 2. M Examine/Modify Memory
3. E Enter a memory block
4. R Examine/Modify Register
5. S Single Step
6. G Go
7. B Block Move
8. I. Insert
9. D Delete
10. N Insert Data

33
Serial I/O Device Commands
On Board Interface
 VMC-SSOX User's Manual
11. O Delete Data
12. F Fill
13.
14.
H
J
Relocate
Memory Compare
[ User's Manual
15. K String Address. (Data)
The following pages explain these commands in detail. 1.

COMMAND DESCRIPTION
"■"ypeM. followed by the hexador- .
2.
LISTA MEMORY BLOCK o°n,e„,s o, the |oc„-
$
3.

L command outputs on the SIOD device a formatted listing of memory block.

Format

L Low Address, High Address$

4.
3,ep (3)' looation win
Type L followed by the starting address of the memorv hi u A$atanvcf ^°®c/;sp/ayed
followed by acomma(,)and then the end address oftho ml °'ock to be listed,
by$. ®'^®'^°fyblockfollowed
The outputting format will be as given below: 2000, C3-00.23 H.,
Fxamole J2T°™®ntsof2ooo, ' •®^'21-44<4>
Suppose you want to list the data from 2000 to 2018 t0 44 °3 0024nd2004ar^ h
'
L 2000,2018$ ^ Oo • <;o
pq f
to 11
2000: AB AE CD BC AA BB BC AF CD DE
2001: AB CD DC DD EE AA BC AF BB AA
2014: BC CD AA AB FC $
^OOo H%
EXAMINE/MODIFY MEMORY

The M command allows you toexamine and modify me III

The command functions as follows: individually
 VMC-850X User's Manual
VMC-850X User's Manual

Format:
Register Identifier Register
E address data, data $
E Register E
1. Type E followed by the starting address of the memory block to be F Flag byte
entered,followed by a colon (:). I Interrupt Mask
2. Each byte followed by a comma as it is entered from the SIOD is H Register H
deposited in the consecutive location in the memory. L Register L
S Stack Point MSB & LSB
3.
a frethSl^J"^ Proceeding parameter is taken as P Program Counter MSB & LSB
location stanlng from
4. A $terminates the command.
SINGLEINSTRUCTIONS
Example
This command allows to execute the program one instruction at a time.
E 2000:3E, 11,11,08,FC$.
Format
The memory contents asstored are shown below:
S (Starting Address), $
2000 3E,11,11,08, FC.
1 Pressing ofSkey will listthe PCand first byte ofthe program.In case one
EXAMINE/MODIFY RFftiQTFR want to modify it, one has to enter the new address and then press
comma.The new address will be entered and pressing ofcomma again
Display & modification of CPU '«flister
reai<stor IS
ic accomplished
m will execute on instruction. The new PC and the next instruction will be
via R command. listed.In this way onecan executethe program in single instruction mode.
O
R (Register identifier $
1 Example
.Thecontents may
contents,just enter a comma.Thp rn modify the The following program is to be executed in single instruction mode:
printed.Theregisteridentifiersforvariou<frPM
I register
^registers are will be
given below: Address Go Code Instruction

Register IdentifieT 1X10,2050

2000 11 5020
2003 3E27 MVIA,27
A LXIH,2070
2005 21 7020
B Register A MOV M. A
2008 77
C
Registers
D Register0 On executing Scommand S 2000:11/,2003:3E/,2005:21/. If one wants to
Register D execute further, one presses otherwise one presses $.
37
Serial I/O Device Commands
Serial i/o Device Commands
 VMC-85QX User's Manual
VMC-850X User's Manual
GO COMMAND(fi)
No. of bytes
This command oxecute the program. ■5^
Data bytes separated by
Format $ W
The format for this command will be as follows:
DELETE COMMAND (D)
^ Starting address $. '-T

This command has the same function as explained in DELETE underkey

Pressing ofG key willdisplay the PC contentand the first byte ofthe instruction. description, the format for this command is as follows:
To modify it, enter the desired address & then press comma,the PC will be D
modified with new contents &the corresponding data will be listed. When $key
is pressed,CPU starts executing the program.Suppose the program startsfrom Starting address of the program
2000 then the format will be G 2000 $. }

End address of the program

j

This command has the same

Starting address from where the bytes are to be deleted
keyboard description Theformm ®xp>ainedisinasBLOCK
"^^t for the command follows-MOVE under
)

End address till where the bytes are to be deleted

B

Starting address of the source

>

End address of the source

f
This command has the same function as follows:
Starting address of the destination board description. The format for this command is
$ N

INSERT COMMAND(l| Starting address of the program/data araa,

1

^fid address of the program

INSERT under key board )

command is as follows: ^farting address at which the bytes are to be ent

I
Starting address of the program
i
^0-Of bytes
>

End address of the program

t
0 ^9ta bytes separated by
1

Address from where the byte or bytes are to be entered

ss
I/O Device Commands
^n'al i/Q Commands