Learning Activity 2.

1
Consider the following information (Mendenhall and Sincich,1984): Bacteria are the most
important component of microbial ecosystems in sewage treatment plants. Water management
engineers must know the percentage of active bacteria at each stage of the sewage treatment.
The following data represent the percentages of respiring bacteria in twenty-five raw sewage
samples collected from a sewage plant (lowest and highest values highlighted). (Measurements
were obtained by passing the samples through a membrane filter and staining with a
chlorination solution.)

42.3 50.6 41.8 36.5 28.6

40.7 48.1 48 45.7 39.9
31.3 30.7 40.5 40.9 51.2
38.6 35.6 22.9 33.4 46.5
41.5 43.5 41.1 38.5 44.4

ANSWER:
Data:
22.9 35.6 40.5 41.8 46.5
28.6 36.5 40.7 42.3 48
30.7 38.5 40.9 43.5 48.1
31.3 38.6 41.1 44.4 50.6
33.4 39.9 41.5 45.7 51.2

2L 29
2H 86
3L 7 13 34
3H 56 65 85 86 99
4L 5 7 9 11 15 18 23 35 44
4H 57 65 80 81
5L 6 12

SALD:
2L 29
2H 86
3L 7 13 34
3H 56 65 85 86 99
4L 5 7 9 11 15 18 23 35 44
4H 57 65 80 81
5L 6 12 NEGATIVELY SKEWED
Histogram:
R=51.2-22.9
R= 28.3
K=1+3.322log(25)
K=5.64≈6
C’=28.3/6
C’=4.8

Class Frequency Relative Frequency Class Boundary

22.8 – 27.5 1 0.04 22.75 – 28.55
27.6 – 32.3 3 0.12 28.1 – 32.35
32.4 – 37.1 3 0.12 32.35 – 37.15
37.2 – 41.9 9 0.36 37.15 – 41.95
42.0 – 46.7 5 0.20 41.95 – 46.75
46.8 – 51.5 4 0.16 46.75 – 51.55
Total 25 1.00

IT IS NEGATIVELY SKEWED
Learning Activity 2.2
Suppose we are interested in describing the average monthly high temperatures (℃) for 2019 in
Manila, Philippines: 29.5, 30.2, 31.9, 33.3, 33.4, 32.1, 31.2, 30.4, 30.6, 30.9, 30.5, 29.6. (Note:
Since 2019 is the year of interest, these 12 values already comprise the population of interest.)
Find the following and interpret: mean, median, mode, first quartile, and third quartile.
Note: First use a stem-and-leaf display to organize these temperatures. Follow the guide below.
SALD:

29 5 6
30 2 4 5 6 9
31 2 9
32 1
33 3 4
∑𝑋 373.6
1. Population Mean = 𝑛
= 12
= 31.13°𝐶
Interpretation: Most temperatures were close to 31.13°𝐶

12 12
( )+( +1)
2 2
2. 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 2
= 30.75°𝐶
Interpretation: The average temperature in the middle of the year is 30.75°𝐶

3. No, because there is no frequent values given.

12(25)
4. 1st Quartile 𝑄1 = 𝑃25 = =3
100

30.2 + 30.4
= 30.3°𝐶
2

Interpretation: The highest 25% of the monthly temp were above 30.3°C

12𝑥3
5. 3rd Quartile 𝑄3 = 𝑃75 = 4
=9

31.9 + 32.1
= 32°𝐶
2
The lowest 75% of the monthly temp were below 32°C
Learning Activity 2.3
Consider the data on crack length, given its stem-and-leaf display below, from
Lesson 2.2. Perform as indicated. Follow the guide.

1. Compute the appropriate measure of variability, justify choice, and

interpret.
2. Compute a relative measure of variability.
3. Construct a boxplot and characterize farther the differences among the
data values.

ANSWER:
1.

Interpretation: On the average, the 21 lengths deviated by 7.133 units from their median.

2.
21.2