MEMORANDUM

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE: DIPLOMA: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT NAME AND CODE: HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 1 (EHHMT2A)
ASSESSMENT 4 ISSUE DATE: 27 NOVEMBER 2020
EXAMINER: N NYEMBE AND CN KHOZA
MODERATOR: E IGBERASE

SUBMISSION DATE: 4 DECEMBER 2020

TOTAL MARKS: 40
FULL MARKS: 40

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
• Answer ALL questions
• Questions may be answered in any order; however, they MUST be clearly numbered
• The lecturer will NOT interpret any question for the candidate
• No late submissions will be accepted

GRADUATE ATTRIBUTE 1 – DEVELOPMENT: PROBLEM SOLVING

Apply engineering principles to systematically diagnose and solve well-defined engineering
problems.
The following competency indicators are used for graduate attribute development:
1. Ability to identify, define and analyse the problem
2. Ability to contextualise the problem by identifying given information and other relevant
sources of information that can be used to solve the problem
3. Ability to formulate a strategy various or strategies that can be used to solve the problem
to attain a workable solution
4. Ability to implement the strategy, approach and calculations to solve the problem and
present a solution in an appropriate form
5. Ability to recognise and consider assumptions and their limitations when implementing a
solution
6. Ability to analyse and evaluate a solution

NUMBER OF PAGES: 4
NUMBER OF PAGES OF APPENDICES: 0
ASSESSMENT 3 MEMO EHHMT2A ?? November 2020

QUESTION 1 [17 Marks]

An ammonia (A) – water (B) solution at 25˚C and 0.1575 inches thick is in contact at one
surface with an organic liquid at this interface. The concentration of ammonia in the organic
phase is held constant and is such that the equilibrium concentration of ammonia in the water
at this surface (point 2) is 3 mass% ammonia and the concentration of ammonia in water at the
other end (point 1) of the film is 11 mass%. Water and the organic liquid are insoluble in each
other. The diffusion coefficient of NH3 in water is 4.4640x10-6 m2/hr. The density of the
aquesous solution is 961.7 kg/m3 at point 1 and 991.7 kg/m3 at point 2.

1.1 At steady state, calculate the flux of ammonia (NA) in kmol/s.m2? (15)

1.2 What is the flux of water in kmol/s.m2 (NB)? Explain? (2)

Solution:

1.1 At steady state, calculate the flux of ammonia (NA) in kmol/s.m2? (15)
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝑎𝑣
𝑁𝐴 = (𝑧 (𝑥𝐴1 − 𝑥𝐴2 )
2 −𝑧1 )𝑥𝐵𝑀

At point 1

Mass % Mass (kg) MW (kg/kmol) kmoles

NH3 11% 11 17.03 0.65
H2 O 89% 89 18.02 4.94
Total 100% 100 kg 5.59
𝑛𝐴1 0.65
𝑥𝐴1 = 𝑛 = 5.59 = 0.1163
𝐴1 +𝑛𝐵1

𝑥𝐴1 + 𝑥𝐵1 = 1

𝑥𝐵1 = 0.8837

Average molecular weight at point 1

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 100 𝑘𝑔
𝑀1 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 5.59 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 17.89 𝑘𝑔/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

At point 2

Mass % Mass (kg) MW (kg/kmol) kmoles

NH3 3% 3 17.03 0.18
H2 O 97% 97 18.02 5.38
Total 100% 100 kg 5.56

𝑛𝐴1 0.18
𝑥𝐴2 = 𝑛 = 5.56 = 0.0324
𝐴1 +𝑛𝐵1

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ASSESSMENT 3 MEMO EHHMT2A ?? November 2020

𝑥𝐴2 + 𝑥𝐵2 = 1

𝑥𝐵2 = 0.9676

Average molecular weight at point 2

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 100 𝑘𝑔
𝑀2 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 5.56 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 17.99 𝑘𝑔/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝜌1 = 961.7 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

𝜌2 = 991.7 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝜌 𝜌
( 1+ 2)
𝑀1 𝑀2
𝑐𝑎𝑣 = 2

961.7 991.7
( + )
𝑐𝑎𝑣 = 17.89 17.99
= 54.44 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑚3
2

𝑥𝐵2 −𝑥𝐵1
𝑥𝐵𝑀 = 𝑥
ln( 𝐵2 )
𝑥𝐵1

0.9676−0.8837
𝑥𝐵𝑀 = 0.9676 = 0.9250
ln( )
0.8837

4.464𝑥10−6 𝑚2 1 ℎ𝑟
𝐷𝐴𝐵 = ∗ 3600 𝑠 = 1.24𝑥10−9 𝑚2 /𝑠
ℎ𝑟

𝑧1 = 0 𝑚
25.4𝑥10−3 𝑚
𝑧2 = 0.1575 𝑖𝑛 ∗ = 4.00𝑥10−3 𝑚
1 𝑖𝑛

𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝑎𝑣
𝑁𝐴 = (𝑧 (𝑥𝐴1 − 𝑥𝐴2 )
2 −𝑧1 )𝑥𝐵𝑀

1.24𝑥10−9 ∗54.44
𝑁𝐴 = (4.00𝑥10−3 −0)∗0.9250 (0.1163 − 0.0324)

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑁𝐴 = 1.53𝑥10−6 𝑠.𝑚2

1.2 What is the flux of water in kmol/s.m2 (NB)? Explain? (2)

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑁𝐵 = 0 𝑠.𝑚2

Water is not diffusing through organic liquid since water and the organic liquid are insoluble
in each other.

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ASSESSMENT 3 MEMO EHHMT2A ?? November 2020

QUESTION 2 [23 Marks]

2.1 Cellophane is being used to wrap a food container to keep food moist at 38˚C. The
cellophane is 3.28x10-4 ft thick, with an area of 2000 cm2. The vapour pressure of water
vapour inside the container is 10 mm Hg and the air outside contains water vapour at a
pressure of 5 mm Hg. The permeability of water vapour in cellophane is 1.82x10 -7 liters
solute (STP)/s.m2.atm/m.

2.1.1 At steady state, calculate the flux of water vapor (kmol/s.m2)? (7)

𝑃 (𝑝
𝑀 𝐴1 −𝑝𝐴2 )
𝑁𝐴 = 22.414(𝑧
2 −𝑧1 )
𝑧1 = 0 𝑚
1𝑚
𝑧2 = 3.28𝑥10−4 𝑓𝑡 ∗ 3.28 𝑓𝑡 = 1.00𝑥10−4 𝑚

1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑝𝐴1 = 10 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 ∗ 760 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 = 1.316𝑥10−2 𝑎𝑡𝑚
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑝𝐴2 = 5 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 ∗ 760 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 = 6.579𝑥10−3 𝑎𝑡𝑚

1.82𝑥10−7 liters solute (STP) 1 𝑚3 solute (STP) 1.82𝑥10−10 𝑚3 solute (STP)

𝑃𝑀 = 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∗ 1000 liters solute (STP) = 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑠.𝑚2 𝑠.𝑚2
𝑚 𝑚

𝑃 (𝑝
𝑀 𝐴1 −𝑝𝐴2 )
𝑁𝐴 = 22.414(𝑧
2 −𝑧1 )
1.82𝑥10−10 ∗(1.316𝑥10−2 −6.579𝑥10−3 )
𝑁𝐴 = 22.414∗(1.00𝑥10−4 −0)
−10 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑁𝐴 = 5.34𝑥10 𝑠.𝑚2

2.1.2 Calculate the loss of water vapor in g/d at steady state? (3)
𝑀𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 18.02 𝑘𝑔/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
1𝑚 2
𝐴 = 2000 𝑐𝑚2 ∗ (100 𝑐𝑚) = 0.2 𝑚2

𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑁𝐴 ∗ 𝐴
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 18.02 𝑘𝑔 1000 𝑔 3600 𝑠 24 ℎ𝑟
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 5.34𝑥10−10 𝑠.𝑚2 ∗ 0.2 𝑚2 ∗ 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∗ 1 𝑘𝑔 ∗ 1 ℎ𝑟 ∗ 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦

𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 0.17 𝑔/𝑑𝑎𝑦

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ASSESSMENT 3 MEMO EHHMT2A ?? November 2020

2.2 Ammonia gas is diffusing though N2 under steady state conditions with N2 non-diffusing
since it is insoluble in one boundary. The total pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 298
K. The partial pressure of NH3 at one point is 1.93 psia, and at the other point 30 mm away
it is 0.96 psia. The DAB for the mixture at 1 atm and 298 K is 0.0828 m2/hr.

2.2.1 Calculate the flux of NH3 in kg mol/s.m2? (9)

𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑃
𝑁𝐴 = 𝑅𝑇(𝑧 (𝑝𝐴1 − 𝑝𝐴2 )
2 −𝑧1 )𝑝𝐵𝑀

𝑃 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑝𝐴1 = 1.93 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 ∗ = 0.1313 𝑎𝑡𝑚
14.7 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑎
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑝𝐴2 = 0.96 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 ∗ 14.7 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑎 = 0.0653 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑧1 = 0 𝑚
𝑧2 = 30𝑥10−3 𝑚
𝑇 = 298 𝐾
𝑚3 .𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑅 = 82.06𝑥10−3 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾
0.0828 𝑚2 1 ℎ𝑟
𝐷𝐴𝐵 = ∗ 3600 𝑠 = 2.30𝑥10−5 𝑚2 /𝑠
ℎ𝑟

𝑃 = 𝑝𝐴1 + 𝑝𝐵1
𝑝𝐵1 = 1 − 0.1313 = 0.8687 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑝𝐵2 = 1 − 0.0653 = 0.9347 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑝 −𝑝
𝑝𝐵𝑀 = 𝐵2𝑝𝐵2𝐵1
ln( )
𝑝𝐵1
0.9347−0.8687
𝑝𝐵𝑀 = 0.9347 = 0.90 𝑎𝑡𝑚
ln( )
0.8687

𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑃
𝑁𝐴 = 𝑅𝑇(𝑧 (𝑝𝐴1 − 𝑝𝐴2 )
2 −𝑧1 )𝑝𝐵𝑀
2.30𝑥10−5 ∗1
𝑁𝐴 = 82.06𝑥10−3 ∗298∗(30𝑥10−3−0)∗0.90 (0.1313 − 0.0653)
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑁𝐴 = 2.30𝑥10−6 𝑠.𝑚2

2.2.2 If N2 now diffuses (that is, both boundaries are permeable to both gases and the
flux is equimolar counter-diffusion), calculate the flux of NH3 in kg mol/s.m2?
Which one is greater? (4)
𝐷 (𝑝𝐴1 −𝑝𝐴2 )
𝑁𝐴 = 𝐽𝐴∗ = 𝐴𝐵𝑅𝑇(𝑧 −𝑧 ) 2 1
2.30𝑥10−5 ∗(0.1313−0.0653)
𝑁𝐴 = 𝐽𝐴∗ = 82.06𝑥10−3 ∗298∗(30𝑥10−3 −0)
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑁𝐴 = 2.07𝑥10−6 𝑠.𝑚2
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 1 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔

Total [40 Marks]

THE END

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