Bharath Bhawan @ Pragati

Maidan New Delhi

Site Study
Case study analysis
Feasibility Study
Site Analysis
Concept Zoning and Design Evolution
Design and Strategies

Nizya Mol, S2, Roll No: 6, M.Arch, Sustainable Architecture, MES SOA
AIM:
To design a Bharath Bhawan and to do its
Environmental impact assessment at Pragati maidan
New Delhi
OBJECTIVE:
• To study about Indian culture and its roots
• To study the site and context as whole and to
propose a Bharath Bhawan
• To formulate and analyse through case studies and
other literature reviews about the spaces to be
incorporated
• To understand and study about EIA in a project and
how it is implemented.

INTRODUCTION (Macro Study)

Delhi is the capital of India. The state is spread over an
area of 1483 square kilometer. According to the Indian
geography the state is located at the center of the
Indian subcontinent, amidst the ranges of Himalaya and
the Aravalli.
LOCATION
Latitude- 23.38 degree north and
Longitude- 77.13 degree east.
The state stands at the northern part of India.
Haryana and Uttar Pradesh are the other states, which share their borders
with Delhi in the west and east respectively.
TOPOGRAPHY
The topography of Delhi can be divided into three different parts, the plains,
the Yamuna flood plain, and the ridge. As per the topography, Delhi is located
on the western fringes of the Gangetic Plains.

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Physical Features

• The city of Delhi lies in the fertile Northern Plains of India.

The main features of Delhi are
• The Aravalli hill ranges and
• The Yamuna river.
• The Aravalli hill ranges are covered with forest called the Ridges.
The Yamuna is the main source of drinking water for the citizens of Delhi.
There is a forest cover of nearly 11.5% of the total area in Delhi.
Delhi’s mineral sources are primarily sand and stone which are used for
construction activities.
SEASONS in Delhi

 Delhi lies in the landlocked Northern Plains of

the Indian Subcontinent.
Its climate is greatly influenced by its proximity to
the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, causing it to
experience both weather extremes.
Delhi has 5 distinct seasons, viz.
1. Summer,
2. Rainy,
3. Autumn,
4. Winter and
5. Spring.
Delhi has long and scorching summers- sub-divided
into
• summer and monsoon seasons,
• short and cold winters,
• two bouts of pleasant transition seasons.
 Two important occurrences influencing Delhi's
climate are Western Disturbance and South-
West Winds
SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION- DELHI

Cool Cold Temperature

Low Low Precipitation
Low Low Humidity

December January
Warm days Temperature Warm days Temperature
Cool nights Cool nights
Low Low Humidity Low Low Humidity
Very Low Precipitation February
October March
November Seasons in Delhi
Hot Temperature
Pleasant during rains
High Very high Humidity
April Hot Very hot Temperature
High High Precipitation
May Low Normal Humidity
July
June Low Good Precipitation
August
September
CLIMATE
Delhi has a COMPOSITE Climate, with hot summers, average rainfall
and moderate winters. Mean monthly temperatures range from 14.3°
C in January to 34.5° C in June. However, the temperatures go up to
40-45° C in summers and 4-5° C in winters. The annual precipitation
is about 711 mm
WIND DIRECTION
Wind directions vary with season.
• In the summers, the predominant wind directions are from the
west in the morning and either west or northwest in the evening.
• In the monsoons, the predominant wind directions are from the
southeast or west in the morning and from east (in July and
August) or north-west (in September) in the evenings.

EXTREME RECORDS
Temperature records for Delhi exist for a period of a little over 100
years. The lowest ever temperature reading during this period is -
2.2°C, recorded on January 11, 1967 at Met Delhi Palam. And, the
highest ever temperature reading during the same period is 48.4°C,
again recorded at Met Delhi Palam.
Wind Rose diagram Delhi
 F
GEOLOGICAL MAP-DELHI

Alluvial soil with Clay and silt with kankar- due to its
low carrying capacity(8-10KN/m2) nature Pile or
piers foundation can be used for construction.
Lower strata consists of Quartzites which is used as
locally available building material in central delhi.
WATER RESOURCES HYDROLOGY MAP
Delhi’s sources of water consist of
• surface and
• ground water
The presence of Yamuna makes the soil very fertile.
Yamuna provides major proportion of surface water
supply in Delhi, which constitutes nearly 86% of the
total water supply.
Other sources that provide water for city’s supply are
• Himalayan Rivers and
sub-surface resources such as
• Ranney wells or tube wells.
The other major sources of water include the
• Agra Canal,
• Hindon Canal and the
• Western Yamuna Canal.
In about 90% of the land in Delhi, fresh water is
available at depths varying from less than 2 m up to 70
m and the quality of water is also all right i.e. in
drinkable condition.
Only some 10 % of the area comprises the ridge and
some has saline and brackish waters
 LAND USE LAND COVER
• Built-up area of the city has expanded immensely.
• Urban structures cover around 42 percent of the land in
NCT of Delhi.
• the mid 1990s there had been rapid economic growth
which was driven by reinforcement of private segment
service sectors.
• This was the outcome of the economic reform policy of
1991.
• Service sector rise led to the increasing demand for land
for residential and infrastructural development.
• This also reduced contribution in agricultural sector
• This also attracted population from outside thus
increasing population pressure in the city.

009
2009 009
2017
009
Population in 2020-
18,345,784
As per the Aadhar Statistics
the Delhi population in
2019/2020 is 18,345,784
(18.35 Millions) as compared
to last census 2011 is
16,787,941. Growth rate of
9.28 percent of population
increased from year 2011 in
Delhi. till 2018.
Delhi Population in Crores is
1.83 Crores
 • To compound the challenges of rapid urban
expansion and associated environmental
risks, Delhi— like many Indian cities—faces
several climate-related challenges and
opportunities

• With rapid population growth, the city is getting highly urbanized and
becoming prone to floods, heat and cold waves, earthquakes, fires,
epidemics, and terrorist attacks.
• The city vulnerability is increasing due to urban stresses such as rapid Observed and projected temperatures for Delhi
urbanization, environment degradation, and infrastructure pressure, are expected to increase by 2 to 4 °C, likely to
housing shortage, and slums and squatters settlements . result in an average surface warming of 3.5 to 5°C
within this century
Average mean rainfall is projected to increase by 7 to 20 % due
to the increase in mean temperature and its impact on the
Indian monsoon cycles within the latter half of this century

ANALYSIS
Extreme minimum and maximum temperature events In Delhi
The macro climate of Delhi also affects the micro climate
December of 2006, lowest temperature since 1935 -0.2°C
of the site- so while designing the building extreme
The following summer in June 2007, Delhi had a maximum
climatic factors to be incorporated, like
temperature of 44.9°C, the challenge facing Delhi is variability
Summer- Reduce heat gain, provide small openings use
in weather patterns and the potential for exacerbated extreme
thermal mass wall(Since diurinal temperature is 12.3
events due to climate change
°C) with cold nights (heat to be let in during nights)
Ambient AQ monitoring location
near to the prakati maidan site is
Pahar Ganj
Pollutants namely
Particulate matter (PM) 10,
Particulate matter PM2.5,
Ozone (O3),
Sulphur dioxide (SO2),
nitrogen dioxide (NO2),
carbon monoxide (CO),
lead (Pb) and
ammonia (NH3)
act as major parameters in
deriving the AQI of an area
Different levels of AQI symbolizes different things like on prolonged exposure to ‘poor’ AQI, individuals might witness
breathing problem

PM10 gets filtered at the top of your respiratory system

that is nose.
PM2.5 is the hazardous of the lot.
70-80 per cent of the health issues are caused by PM2.5
only as it crosses body’s natural barriers, and enter the
lungs.
Ozone is the second most dangerous parameter as it
aggravate lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema, and
chronic bronchitis
HAZARDS IN DELHI EARTHQUAKE
Seismic zones in India
Hazards and Vulnerability Profile of Delhi
 Requisites for Seismic Zone IV
mentioned in IS 4326-1993
• Horizontal seismic bands,
consisting of reinforced
concrete, through all internal
and external masonry walls
(plinth band, roof and floor
band, lintel bands etc.)
• Vertical reinforcing bars
embedded in brick masonry at
corners of all rooms and side of
door openings
• Cement mortar in the
preferable
ratio of 1:4 or 1:6
(cement : sand)
As per the seismic map the site is prone to high earthquake hazard. • Vertical reinforcement in jambs
 Earthquake safe construction is to be done of all window and door wider
• Providing Dampers-shock absorbers for a building. They absorb the vibrations than 600 mm
produced during an earthquake due to which the building remains stationary. • Roofs and floors
• Doing Base isolation –The structure is separated from the foundation so that it with prefabricated elements
is not impacted by the ground moving below. This method is more suitable for
buildings with width greater than their height.
Delhi’s physical infrastructure, social services, and slum populations make the city highly vulnerable. Demand for basic
infrastructure services like water, electricity, and public transport far exceeds supply (Delhi Development Authority, 2005).
To add to the existing conditions, climate change- induced variability in rains and temperatures could worsen the severe
shortage of drinking water in summers and aggravate the floods in the monsoon season, thus making the existing energy
shortage more challenging to address
DRAINAGE IN DELHI

• lack of integrated planning in the drainage for storm water

• Untreated sewage continues to flow in most of the drains in the region
and ultimately falls into the river Yamuna
• Encroachment by slum dwellers along the drains causes choking of
drains
and flooding in the upstream areas due to reduced carrying capacity.
• Dumping of solid waste in the drains also continues causing blockage
• The collection and treatment of solid waste is a major problem of the
city.
• The city produces 8,000 tons of solid waste every day but only three
dumping sites out of 23 are functioning, making the city vulnerable to
health-related hazards.
• The city also faces the problem of flooding caused by an inefficient
drainage and sewerage system
FLOODS IN DELHI
• floods caused by unpredictable rainfall patterns
• floods in the rivers Yamuna and Sahibi
• Since 1900, Delhi has experienced nine major floods in
the years
1924, 1947, 1976, 1978, 1988, 1995, 1998, 2010 and 2013
Extreme Flood in Delhi
1978 witnessed the worst ever flood in Delhi when water level in
Yamuna River in Delhi reached at 207.49 m with discharge 2.53 lac
cusec at old railway bridge
Flood plain boundary over years-Site falls In
flood plain region of Yamuna River basin
ANALYSIS
• Since the region is in Flood plain going for
basement construction is not good for the site.
• For Composite climate Earth bearming is good
but due to the site context and location at
flood plain structure going below ground level
is not good.
CLIMATE ANALYSIS

Highest temperature is
recorded during the months of
April, May and June
Annually also ranges with high
temperature above 40 degrees
ANALYSIS
• Hot summer with harsh sun
radiation-
• Provide small openings
• Compact Inward planning
• Sky lights, lattice screens to
let in diffused light and to
obstruct harsh direct sun
light
• Reduce heat gain during day
• Use low U value material
Diurnal variation of 12.3 degrees
Needs heat into the building during night- use thermal mass walls, or materials with high time lag
• Throughout the year except July August and September the radiation level ranges between 790-830 W/m.sq/hr
• July-Sept is monsoon where the sky cover is obstructed so direct UV radiations are blocked.
• Solar Panels can be provided to trap solar radiation to function off grid
• Day light hour is max during April and minimum during august.
• Since most of the month except monsoon months daylit hours are high so solar energy installations shall be promoted
• Proper shading is to be designed.
• Use skylights, lattice screens small openings to let in diffused light free from harsh radiation.
• Sky cover is high during monsoon months due to presence of clouds in the sky
• Reduce solar radiation and Day light
• Proper shading to obstruct monsoon rain driven with winds.
• Wind speed ranges between 2-5 m/sec
• Summer months of April-June have max wind- dusty hot winds along with high sun radiation s undesirable for the context
• Lattice screens to obstruct wind and provide passive strategy to bring in channelled screened hot winds into cooler wind
Like installing Evaporative cooling systems or cool towers etc
• At depth of 4 m below ground have a comfortable temperature range of 23-27 degrees
• Earth bearming can be done to keep a constant temperature for spaces or construct spaces by digging below 4 mtrs
• Comfortable humidity range 60-55 % throughout the year except summer months
• Summer followed by very low humidity range- humidifying the spaces gives more comfortability during harsh summer.
• Movable shading devices to be designed where months of Dec and Jan needs the winter sun for 627 hours
• If shading is provided throughout the year Shading must be in such a way that it allows winter sun with lower angle in and
obstruct direct summer sun with higher angle
 As per the psychrometric chart analysis to attain
comfort levels
• Of 36.6 % comfort-3207 hours (4.5 months)
Cooling is to be done
• Of 22.1 % comfort- 1934 hours (2.5 months
)shading for window is to be provided for
months of April, May and half of June(operable
shades)
• Of 19.2% comfort- 1682 hours (2.3
months)Internal heat gain is to be done for
winter(Jan and Dec)
• Passive solar heat gain with high thermal mass is also recommended for 1117 hours in order
to get rid from morning harsh sun and let in heat during night.
Wind rose diagram shows Wind directions vary with season
BIO CLIMATIC CHART OF NEW DELHI
ANALYSIS-BIO CLIMATIC CHART
• Evaporating cooling is desirable in April and May
• Mechanical air-conditioning is required from June to
August due to high humidity coupled with high
temperatures.
• September is warm and humid; air movement in the
form of ventilation can help in achieving comfort.
Since air is hot and dry wind movement must be
induced by passive strategies using screens to
obstruct dust and let in wind clubbed with moisture.
• In October, days are hot and dry, nights are
comfortable.
• From November to March, the days are pleasant and
nights are cool.
• January and December is the coolest month-Use
operable shading devices so that to let in winter sun
into the building
• No months fall into comfort zone completely
• So passive and Active strategies must be included
• Mainly cooling is needed because most of the month
is hot and Heating for winter
AIR QUALITY @ SITE REGION
As per the study at Mathura road
PM 25 and PM 10 is above permissible
limit which is harmful for human health
and environment
Measures to be done to reduce air pollution
• Provide physical barrier to the main road to reduce noise pollution, wind(dusty
wind from West) and air pollution.
• The role of vegetation in dispersing air pollutants is high
• Use evergreen vegetation and native species
• The side facing a busy polluted road can be tightly sealed and use mechanical
ventilation to avoid letting in toxic air, a side that faces a quieter, greener space
can use natural ventilation to save energy.
• Use mechanized HVAC system if needed
• Reduce or cut down vehicular access into the site
• Use sound walls facing busy street
• Use filtration passive strategies for air intake from exterior
• Use small openings or screens to filter air and wind
• Zone buildings away from the busy streets
 AIR QUALITY-MICRO LEVEL STUDY

Pollutants
governing Air
quality of
environment at
the Pahar Ganj
station (near to
Pragati Maidan)

As per the AQ station values the region posses

CO- Carbon monoxide at highest range which is very very hazardous
RSPM and SPM concentration above 200 which is Very unhealthy
And NOx and SO2 within the good range.

As per the Pollution Control board- AQI from 0-100 is allowable and from 101-
500 is Unhealthy for sensitive groups to Hazardous
NOISE POLLUTION

Day time standard for commercial area 65 dB

Night time standard for commercial area 55 dB

According to standards set by the Bureau of Indian Standards, 125 is the

maximum decibel limit for horns used in commercial vehicles, while 105 is
the maximum for two wheelers.- but studies show that during the peak
hours 8-10 and 4-6 pragadi Maidan ITO junction Delhi have 240 dB range of
noise level
We can detect sound at 10 decibels, hear a conversation at 60 decibels and
are able sustain the thudding noise inside a night club at 110 decibels.
Sound becomes painful as it reaches 120 decibels.
ANALYSIS
Noise pollution is high during peak hours which needs to be taken in
consideration while zoning and planning the building.
RABINDRA BHAWAN NEW DELHI

Bharath Bhawan- Case study analysis 36

 Location

Bharath Bhawan- Case study analysis 37

OVERVIEW
Location : Feroz Shah Marg, New Delhi
Site area : 1.45 hectors, 3 Acres
Architect : Ar.Habib Rahman
Architectural Style : Post Colonial Architecture
Year of Completion : 1961
Client : Lalit Kala Academy
Constructing authority : CPWD
Climate : Composite Climate
Monsoon Influenced climate
with extreme climate bordering
a hot-semi arid climate with
extreme hot summer and extreme
cold winter.

Surrounding Buildings
1. Nepal High commission (North)
2. National Museum for Natural science
3. Triveni Kala Sangamam
4. Sri ram Centre for arts and Culture
5. Himachal Bhawan
6. National School of drama

Bharath Bhawan- Case study analysis 38

CONCEPT
• Design of building inspired from
simplicity of Rabindra Nath Tagore.
• Initial design was of Bauhaus Style
(Ar.Habib was an admirer of Bauhaus
style and Walter Gropius designs)
• Rejected by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru,
and asked to incorporate Tagore's
simplicity and Indian elements into the
design
• Second proposal was an elegant
structure with Indian elements to
represent National academies and
simple geometry inspired from
Bauhaus too, finally culminates into
the Rabindra Bhawan of today.

Isometric view of basic model of building showing

the use of pure geometry in form inspired by
Bauhaus

Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 39

SPATIAL ORGANISATION
Building- 3 Major blocks
1.Administrative Block
2.Art Gallery and 2
3.Theatre (4.service block at SW of the site)
ANALYSIS
• Administrative block-biggest of all occupies prominent
amount of space on site.
• Block resembles English alphabet “Y” in plan-chosen to 1
maximise size cover, climate, orientation and respond to
urban context
• Other two blocks are placed in pockets created by
admin block.
• Each block have individual entry- function of one will to
interfere with working of other, and also congestion and
traffic problems was not there due to separate entry and
exit for every buildings.
• Service entry is provided from feroz shah road where staff
3
entry was also there.
• Copernicus road serves the entry to Art gallery and
Theatre with a common exit

40
Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis
 SPATIAL
ORGANISATION Entry/Exit
Lalit Kala
Sahithya Entry/Exit
Sangeet Natak
Circulation Entry
Service
Art Gallery
Theatre

Exit

Visitors Entry
Visitors Exit Entry
Service Entry/Exit
Staff Entry/Exit
Bharath Bhawan- Case study analysis 41
ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK

Administrative Block
- 3 Wings
- 1. Lalith Kala academy ( plastic art)
- 2. Sahithya academy (For literature)
- 3. Sangeet naatak (dance and drama
Which represented Indian culture by word
from and spirit.
- Library
- Museum for music instruments
- Office spaces of national academies
- Conference hall
Entry –NE at an inclination of 45
degree to NE which is the best
suitable orientation for buildings in
Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis composite climate 42
 Art Gallery

G+1 and a basement

exhibition space.
- Curved face (NE) of art
gallery is imbibed from the
traffic island on boundary of Art gallery
the site Roof covered walk way
connecting Admin block and
- Every sides are provided gallery
with lattice screens for
Lower and Ground floor
gallery space
- First floor is covered with
brick wall all around and a
gap between the roof and
wall to let the breeze in
Bharath Bhawan- Case study analysis 43
 Art gallery
Circulation core

Fire exits

Museum for
instruments

Theatre 570 seats

Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 44

 Mandi
Circle

Lytton Road(Copernicus road)

Pockets where
effectively
utilised as
garden and
landscaped
areas and
service core

Separate entry for each block and vehicular entry

Form and
within positioning of building according to site shape BharathPockets
the site generated
bhawan- Case by Y shape of the building
study analysis
45
 Staff members and
Senior officers
Visitors
Essential staff

• Circulation is in
such a way that
intermixing of
staffs and visitors
is not there.
• Separate parking
for visitors and
staffs near to
entry points
reduces
congestion and
make the access
easier.

Cycle shed
Staff parking
Visitors
Separate entry for each block and vehicular entry Parking allotment according to user type
within the site
46
 SPATIAL ZONING

LANDSCAPE

• Large patch of
landscaped area is
provided between
theatre and admin
block to
accommodate
informal outdoor
activities.
• Garden used as
extended part of
gallery for
permanent
sculptures

Public
Semi Public

Bharath bhawan- Private

Case study analysis
47
 FORM & LAYOUT
• All the 3 blocks are
different in form
layout and
articulation
depending upon
function.
• Subtle curve in
façade of gallery
give slight organic
and fluid form to
bldng
• Gallery is
connected to
admin by means of
arched walkway

Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 48

 A
E
L
E
Dome above the
V
circulation core of admin A
block
Theatre Art Gallery T
A
Arched walk I
Key Plan way
O
N

&

S
E
C
T
I
O
Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis
N 49
 E
L
E
V
A
T
I
O
N

&

S
E
C
T
I
Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 50
O
N
 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Composite structure- Admin block

RCC framework with Brick masonry load
bearing walls
Grid system- Shorter span is of 25 ft grid
spacing (7.6 m) of two modules
Longer span is of 12 ft grid spacing(3.6m)
of 8/9 modules
• Roof slab is projecting 6ft
25 25
outside the Periphery (1.8
12
m)
12
12 • RCC Dome covers the
12
hexagonal shaft of lift and
12
12 staircase which is placed
12
on the supports of those
12
12 walls of shaft and two
columns of foyer.

Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis

Elevation-Admin block Section-Admin block 51
 • Theatre is designed with combination of many grids forming a
complex layout of different dimensions.
• The dimension of grid changes with dimension.
• The columns of sitting area is placed on the intervals of 10 ft
from centre to centre
• Columns of back stage are placed at interval of 11 ft
• The false ceiling above the sitting area is suspended from 8 ft
deep pre stress concrete beams-which also supports the flat
slab above same area.
• Foyer area of theatre has semi circular vaulted slab which is
also in module of 11 ft above stage area.
ANALYSIS
• Have good acoustical quality space
• 570 seating totally in 15 rows with 3 segments arranged
in a semi circular manner
Theatre Structural grid • Seating is arranged stepped way which helps the users
to view the stage without vision obstruction
• Mezzanine floor accommodates the over crowd more
than capacity.
• Good sight line allow spectators to see all areas of a
venue stage or field of play.
• To ensure this the designer
utilize the C value.

Theatre Section
52
CLIMATIC RESPONSE- SHADOW ANALYSIS OF BUILDING BLOCKS
• There is no shadow
over cast of any
surrounding building
into the Rabindra
Bhawan sine every
buildings are away
from the site.
• Only building is NSSD
which is of G+3 height
on SW of the site.

• East and South are

affected with high
radiation and sun light.
• Treated with Rubble
wall and lattice
screens in order to
increase time lag and
reduce heat ingress
into the building.
• Diffused light is allowed
into the building by
means of lattice
screens or jail.

53
 FENESTRATION & SHADES
• Façade of Administrative block is made of
numerous closely placed windows and
two rows of continuous thin chajjas.
• The lower row in each case has been
placed on a cantilever bracket so that it is
away from the wall and is not obstructing
the breeze.
(the building is not airconditioned)
• Angle od Sun shade is designed to
eliminate the strong morning and
afternoon sun owing to harsh summer in
Window detail of Administrative block Delhi.

54
 East and West façade Jaali screens of art
of Admin block gallery(basement)
• Lattice screens are mostly used in art gallery building and academic block east and west
façade
• Rubble masonry is used for east and west façade of admin block which reduces heat gain
• Jaali walls block direct sun and let in diffused natural light with patterns inside the interiors and
also helps in cool breeze to come in. 55
ANALYSIS

Longest face of buildings is

on N,S direction and main
block is oriented 45 degree
inclined to NE direction
which is suitable
orientation for composite
climate.

Which in turn provides best

possible orientation to the
build from suiting the
climate of the locality

Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 56

Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 57
Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 58
Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 59
Composite structure is
used for construction
in admin block
Rubble masonry walls
with jaali screens in
the centre for E and
W façade to reduce
heat ingress.

Art gallery is of RCC

framed structure with
infilled brick load
bearing walls

Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 60

Spatial Quality
Lighting
Gallery, exhibition spaces
and theatre lack natural
light and it is artificially
Composite
lit while thestructure
activitiesis
used for construction
happen
in admin block
Rubble
Indoor airmasonry
Qualitywalls
with
Higher jaali screens in
humidity
the centrethe
increases forrisks
E andof
W façade growth
microbial to reduceand
heat ingress.
erosion. In order to
provide comfortable
Art gallery
indoor is of RCC to
environment
framed structure
visitors the with air
total fresh
infilled
system brick load for
is preferable
bearing
the sakewalls
of human’s
comfort and healthy-
Air intake is done
through jaali walls and
through raise roof slab
Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 61
Vertical massing
Admin block
G+3- of which three
wings are dedicated to
three national
academies oriented 120
degree angle between
each other in a Y shape
manner

Planning and massing

provide easy cross
ventilation inside the
building since Delhi
posses warm humid
climate too natural
ventilation is a must for
the context.

Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 62

Cut direct harsh sun
light through windows

Let in breeze without

any obstruction

Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 63

Jaali let in diffused
natural light without
allowing direct sun to let
in

Allows air movement at

occupant level
Art gallery walls are
completely surrounded
by jaali walls

Bharath bhawan- Case study analysis 64

 LAYOUT PLAN-PRAGATI MAIDAN
PRAGATI MAIDAN- SITE- FEASIBILITY STUDY
INTRODUCTION
Pragati Maidan is a venue for large exhibitions and conventions in New Delhi.
It and has 18 halls, 22 permanent pavilions, covered space of 130,000 square meters and
an open area of 180,000 square meters.
It is owned and managed by Indian Trade Promotion Organization (ITPO), the premier
trade promotion agency of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India.
Industry
PRAGATI MAIDAN
• Over the years, the facility has consistently enjoyed an average occupancy of over
30% (ratio of space sold days to total available space days) – fairly high as
compared to international standards which are generally in the range from 11% to
21%.
• 33% of existing exhibition space non usable during most of the year.
The facility comprises of exhibition space in 17 halls, totaling an area of 65,054 sq.
mtrs. It must be noted that this full capacity is only utilized during selected few
events
i. The present exhibition facility and infrastructure is quite old and dilapidated
(built between 1957-1990).
ii. ii. Only 67% of the total exhibition area is air-conditioned and usable across the
year, while rest (21,413 sq. mtr.) is mostly non usable due to climate control
reasons.
High utilization in peak season.
• Pragati Maidan runs at near full capacity for the
major part of the peak season. It should be noted
that this occupancy is seen only in air-conditioned
halls of the campus. Other non-air-conditioned halls
witnessed a low occupancy for most of the year.
Declining market share.
• While still being the largest exhibition center in India
today, Pragati Maidan has seen its market share
decline, both in terms of events and space sold.
Among the top 14 exhibition centers in the country,
share of Pragati Maidan in the exhibition space sold
has declined from 55% in 2000 to 34% in 2011.
• In terms of space sold days, the figure has dropped
from 47% to 35% in 2005 and 2011.
• While this drop in market share can be attributed
partially to the addition of new facilities in other
Commercial centres
Indian cities, the most important reason has been
Parks, Stadiums, Open areas
the inability of Pragati Maidan to accommodate
additional events. With the exhibition space sold Close proximity with Socio cultural centres in Delhi-
expected to grow to 16.5 mn sq m by 2030, capacity Proposal for a new Socio cultural institution is feasible at
expansion is necessary to enable Pragati Maidan to Pragati Maidan
maintain and even increase its market share.
To alleviate PRAGATI MAIDAN
Delhi posses many socio cultural centres in and around of various scale from small individual buildings to large cultural
exhibition centres.
Pragati Maidan is a place where is filled of 100% capacity during peak seasons.
To show case the Indian art, culture and architecture as a whole in a single building attracts more visitors and also contribute
to the growth of economy and also educating the unknown one about rich tradition underlying in Indian culture by picturising
India's Art, Architecture, Cultures, History, strength and potential through the development of a Socio cultural centre at
PRAGATI MAIDAN
BHARATH BHAWAN
INDIA is a culturally diverse country.
India cant be frame as following one single culture
throughout the region.
The culture variations are not slight and hence cannot be
ignored.
In-fact each Indian state have their own cultures to boost
about.
But due to cultural ignorance, many Indians as well as
foreigners do not know the deeper meaning of each
culture and hence assume various stereotypes that exists
now a days.
Hence there is a dire need to educate the people
and the visitors exactly about various rich Indian cultures
and simultaneously encourage the cultural development,
giving importance to the life style of the artisans,
craftsman etc;

Architecture can act as an important catalyst to bring

about it by twinning all the aspects together and
showcase it through a
BHARATH BHAWAN
 Site is oriented NW to SE in an angle
SITE-MICRO LEVEL STUDY The orientation is good for composite climate to reduce heat gain and
exposure

• Major access road- Mathur road 24

mtr wide
• Site has all the three side road
• Since Mathur road is so busy the
other two roads on either N and S
side roads can be used as service
roads
• Gate no 8 of Pragati Maidan is with
the site which can be utilised as entry
• Site is surrounded by
itself
 West- Mathur road
• An internal road of 4 m pass from N
 South- Gate no 7 and an internal road
to South of site near to Western
Within the Pragati Maidan
frontage of the site.
 East- Food court and Yamuna river
 North- Supreme court extension building
Facilities of 1km radius
From the site
School
Bus stop
Metro station
Petrol Pump
Parks and Stadium
Shopping mall
Hospital

Accessibility
600m-Pragati Maidan Train station
16.5 km-Delhi Airport
3.8 km-Indraprastha Metro station
400m-Appu Ghar Bus stop
650m-PM Gate 5 Bus stop
SITE NEIGHBOURHOOD

Supreme court extension

Supreme Court of India

Mathura Road

National Science Centre

Food Court
  Since the site is in flood plain of
SITE FEATURES Yamuna and also experience a
Wind Mapping Wind from series of floods going for basement
• Wind from West and NW North West construction is to be avoided and
is predominant and is to to reduce site disturbance
be blocked/ funnel in by G+4= 26 mtrs
G+2= 27.6
filtration, since it carried
M high
harsh air pollutants- West
(central  Natural drain of
side is to be provided with
dome) site is towards
physical barriers G+8= 46 mtrs
• Wind from E and SE is the East (Yamuna
prevailing winds which is river side)
to be also taken into
consideration since the Wind from West
presence of food court
and polluted Yamuna river
on East side of the site Vegetation
• Vegetations or screens to
Wind from East-
be provided to filter in  Existing vegetation cover
Yamuna river
wind into the site for Within the site is to be retained in
warm and humid months order to reduce maximum
to induce air movement. disturbance to the site.
Wind from
South East
VEGETATION COVER
Vegetation play a vital role in the building design

Existing vegetation consists of evergreen and native and exotic species

Botanical name Local name
Senna siamea kassod
Acacia leucocephala Nimbar
Madhuca longifolia Maul
Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka
STORY LINE
Evolution of man kind------ Language-------Art & Craft------ Religion-------Architecture-------Music--------
Literature-------Dance------Drama
Of which
Language& Literature Art & Craft Religion

Architecture Music Dance and Drama

Is being incorporated into the Bharath Bhawan along with this Food and Leisure is also included as
common amenities for the visitors.
HOW SPACES ARE EVOLVED Art gallery
Drop off
7. Art and Craft Workshops- Clay, stone, Ivory, Pottery
Exhibition space
Ticket counter
1. Entrance lobby Info centre/Reception Miniature museum
Waiting lounge Movie show
Wash rooms
8. Architecture
Exhibition space
Cloak rooms Elements exhibits gallery
Material Museum
Office
2. Administration Accounts Exhibition gallery
Directors office
9. Religion Sculpture Gallery
Staff lounge
Meeting rooms
Instrument museum
Wash rooms
Workshops/Studio
10. Music Recording Studio
3. Transition zone Connecting node from entry to other Music studio
zones Staff cubicle
Accessory museum
Retail outlets, Crafts, paintings etc Workshops/Studio
4. Core areas Private Galleries for exhibitions 11. Dance & Makeup studio
Tradition of India- glimpse of Indian Training room
history and tradition Drama
Changing room
Staff Cubicle
Lobby
Stack Lobby
Reading Convention hall
5. Library Print 12. Cultural Banquet hall
Computer reference Auditorium
Office
centre Concert Hall
Wash rooms Performance/theatre hall
Wash rooms
Audio visual rooms
6. Language and Language museum( brail press etc
display) 13. Open air theatre
Literature
 AREA Programme

ENTRY LOBBY 615 ms.q ADMINISTRATION 710 ms.q

Qty Area/Prsn Users Area/Unt Total in msq Qty Area/Prsn Users Total
Lobby 1 1 100 100 100 Reception 1 40
Ticket counter 1 10 2 20 20 Info centre 1 25
Reception desk 1 1 100 100 100 Waiting 1 100
Waiting lounge 1 1 200 200 200 Directors Ofz 1 10 10 100
Wash rooms 4 0.7 4 2.8 12 Support staff 1 10 10 100
Cloak rooms 2 2 10 20 40 Board meeting 1 30 50
472 Accounts 1 10 6 50
Circulation + Services=30% 142 Staff rest room 1 2 25
Admin cubicle 1 10 5 50
CORE AREA 3575 ms.q Wash rooms 3 0.7 3 7
Qty Area/Prsn Users Area/Unt Total in msq 547
Retail shops 4 6 50 300 1200 Circulation + Services=30% 164
Visual Art gallery 2 10 50 500 1000 COMMON FACILITIES 280 ms.q
Heritage Gallery 1 10 50 500 500 Qty Area/Prsn Users Total
Exhibition 1 10 50 500 500 Toilets 20 0.7 20 40
Sculpture Gallery 1 10 50 500 500 Yoga 1 50 50
Private space 1 10 50 500 500 Prayer Hall 1 1 100 100
2750 Resource Centre 1 25
Circulation + Services=30% 825 215
Circulation + Services=30% 65
 AREA Programme

ART & CRAFT 1820 ms.q LIBRARY 2535 ms.q

Qty Area/Prsn Users Area/Unt Total in msq Qty Area/Prsn Users Total
Art Gallery 1 10 50 500 500 Lobby 1 2 20 40
Workshops 2 2.5 10 25 50 Stacks 1 8.5/1k 100 850
Pottery Work 1 2.5 10 25 25 Reading 1 2.5 150 375
Stone 1 2.5 10 25 25 Audio visual room 1 1.5 40 60
Ivory 1 2.5 10 25 25 Silent Study 1 2.5 70 175
Exhibition 2 2.75 50 137.5 275 Computer reser 1 5 50 250
1400 Print shop 1 10 2 20
Circulation + Services=30% 420 Office 1 10 2 20
Learning centre 2 1.5 50 150
ARCHITECTURE 4300 ms.q Toilets 8 0.7 8 5.6
Qty Area/Prsn Users Area/Unt Total in msq 1950
Exhibition space 2 2.75 50 137.5 275 Circulation + Services=30% 585
Movie show 1 1 50 50 50 RELIGION 1950 ms.q
Miniature musm 2 10 50 500 1000 Qty Area/Prsn Users Total
Element museum 2 10 50 500 1000 Exhibition 2 10 50 1000
Material museum 2 10 50 500 1000 Sculpture gallery 1 10 50 500

3325 1500
Circulation + Services=30% 997 Circulation + Services=30% 450
 AREA Programme

MUSIC 1300 ms.q CULTURAL CENTRE 7660 ms.q

Qty Area/Prsn Users Area/Unt Total in msq Qty Area/Prsn Users Total
Instrumnt msm 2 2.75 50 137.5 275 Foyer/Lobby 1 2 150 150
Workshop 3 10 20 200 600 Conference room 1 2 50 100
Recording studio 1 40 Seminar room 1 2 150 300
Music studio 1 40 Convention hall 1 1.5 500 750
Staff cubicle 3 6 45 Banquet hall 1 1.5 300 450
Store 50% of Cnvt & Bqt 600
Kitchen + Pantry+ Store=
1000 Wash rooms 0.7 60
Circulation + Services=30% 300 Auditorium seat 1 1 750 750
Stage 1 1 150
DANCE & DRAMA 1300 ms.q Green rooms 3 30 90
Qty Area/Prsn Users Area/Unt Total in msq Back stage 1 1 10
Accessory Msm 2 2.75 50 137.5 275 Equipment room 1 1 100
Studio/Wrkshp 3 10 20 200 600 Concert hall 1 750 1160
Makeup studio 1 40 Performance /
Staff cubicle 45 Theatre hall 1 750 1160
Training staff 20 5890
Changing room 2 20 Circulation + Services=30% 1767
1000
Circulation + Services=30% 300 Food court inclusive of circulation for 150 users- 900
PUBLIC PLAZAs
Open Air theatre
Distinct transition zones
Open spaces for temporal Functions

Total Built up area = 26945 ~ 27,000 m.sq

= 2,90,520 sq. ft
FAR attained = 0.39 ~0.4

As per standards 2 ECS/100 sq.m

So parking for 540 cars to be provided

As per the design Total built-up area = 24,000 msq

No of cars provided for visitors= 420
Staff parking = 70
Bus parking= 10
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR BHARATH BHAWAN_NEW DELHI

Orientation
Predominant Wind
Building oriented 45 degree angle
to the
Prevailing Wind
Direction of wind for enhanced
N ventilation.
• Reduced
Surface area by
Building
Vertically
instead of
Planning
horizontally

• Use Circular
curvature
design form for
the building
with minimum
P/A ratio than
Regular or
elongated
angular built
forms
ORIENTATION
• Parking lot and visitors vehicular movement
• Orienting building NW- SE
restricted up to building drop off point
inclined ( building orientation
derived from site orientation-
feasible for the climate of
Delhi) Staff Entry/ Exit
• Long axis towards N, S to
reduce heat ingress

CONSIDERATIONS – ZONING
Service Entry
• Maintain the vegetative
cover inside the site
• Since Mathur road is having
high air pollution and sound Service Area
pollution Provide entry/exit Main Entry/ Exit
form the North for Staffs and
South for visitors from
secondary roads •The form of the building and orientation of the spaces determine the
thermal and visual comfort to a large extent.
•Appropriate building orientation can result in reducing cooling
demand and energy use compared to a wrongly oriented building.
CONCEPT EVOLUTION & ZONING Zoning 1

Region shaded should be

Concept- Stage 1 Zone 1
Where to position considered
CLIMATE RESPONSIVE BUILDING
The building For zone the building
One of the major factor to be
Staff Entry/ Exit - Flood plain area so
considered in Delhi- Its Extreme
maximum
Composite Climatic nature.
Centralise the building
Considering Climate in building
within the site
will only provide occupant
- Help to get protected
comfort inside the building
from air and
without any added active
Noise pollution from
measures to induce comfort.
Matura road
Service Entry (west to the site)
Why?
- Entrance
Active systems impose cost on
Mathura Road is not
the proponent in order to run
considered due to heavy
the building and also it will not
traffic flow and air and
be much eco-friendly.
noise pollution from the
To make the building both Main Entry/ Exit region.
Occupant friendly and eco-
Proposed Main and
friendly climate responsive
N Staff entry and exit on either
architecture is chosen as the
side (S and N) of the site.
concept

Stage 2- Zoning
• Build forms arranged
according to the needs
of spaces
• Arranged in such a way
that the building gets
maximum attention from
entry points and from
Mathura road
• Food court @ South- Leeward side
And close proximity to entry and
Provided with service access
• Private Exhibition spaces is also
Zoned at South close proximity to Exhibition
& museum spaces in order to attract persons
Who visit the Bharath Bhawan
• Cultural centre( inclusive of concert halls,
auditorium, preforming art platforms) zoned at N,
close proximity to entrance lobby who are
interested for desired tour
Staff Entry/ Exit • Silent zone
• Assigned for Library and
Administration
• Central Zone
connecting link between
the three zones
Service Entry for Circulation
and common courtyard
spaces
• Build forms concentrate
Main Entry/ Exit opposite to entry lobby
• To capture view from
Mathura road following
the form of a cascade
SHADING
• Shading can reduce solar gains on the building facade. Effective shading strategies aim at virtually
preventing any direct solar radiation from entering the building, especially during the summer
months.
• Shading reduces the effective solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the glazing. This means that a
cheaper glass with high SHGC can be used instead of high cost, low SHGC glass.
• Shading also helps in reducing glare through the windows. Users tend to pull down interior shade if
there is direct solar radiation on the glass, this negates all the benefits of daylighting. Shading helps
ensure glare-free daylight in the buildings.

SHADING DEVICE CALCULATION FOR THE BUILDING

East Façade West Façade
South Façade = Vertical shading = Vertical shading
North Façade
= Horizontal + Vertical shading ( cut lower altitude sun
= Horizontal Shading
( Operable Brise Soleils to let in radiation while morning-
winter sun and block harsh Operable for let in
summer sun) winter sun)
 Sun Positions during Summer & Winter Solstice and Equinox
Summer Winter

SOLSTICE
@ 10 am @ 3 pm @ 10 am @ 3 pm

Autumn/Fall Spring/Vernal

EQUINOX
@ 10 am @ 3 pm @ 10 am @ 3 pm

Summer Solstice Winter Solstice Autumn Equinox Spring Equinox

• From the Sun path diagram West and
South facades could be provided with Time 10 am 3 pm 10 am 3 pm 10 am 3 pm 10 am 3 pm
proper shading devices, operable once to
Day length 13.57 hr 13.57 hr 10.20 hr 10.20 hr 12.09 hr 12.09 hr 12.07 hr 12.07 hr
let in winter sun for heating the spaces.
• Best possible orientation is inclined 45 Sun Azimuth 87.33 -85.42 152.08 -133.05 136.58 -111.74 130.53 -114.86
degrees with long axis N S
• Large Sun radiation is available so can Sun Altitude 51.51 47.42 32.69 20.29 53.64 34.84 50.15 37.77
utilise solar energy(energy efficient
From the values Shading devices can be designed and to identify best possible orientation of building for the location
building)
 Summer Solstice- June 21
North South East West

HSA VSA HSA VSA HSA VSA HSA VSA

10.00am 87.33 1.304 2.67 3.84 92.67 1.245 182.67 1.118

3.00 pm 85.42 0.847 175.42 1.123 265.42 0.255 355.42 0.883

 Winter Solstice- December 21
North South East West

HSA VSA HSA VSA HSA VSA HSA VSA

10.00am 152.08 1.484 62.08 1,35 27.2 1.34 117.92 1.26

3.00 pm 133.05 1.432 223.05 1.455 313.05 1.434 403.05 1.45

Considering Lowest VSA for Months of June & December for

Horizontal Shading Device- North façade

VSA= 0.847 degrees

Shade depth = Height/ tan(VSA)
For window 1.5 m height
= 150/ tan(0.847)
= 1.14 m ~ 1.2 m Horizontal shade
Divided into .6 m 2 louvers = 60 cms two horizontal shades
 Considering Lowest VSA for Month of June & December for
Horizontal Shading Device & Vertical Fin- South Façade
VSA= 1.123 degrees
Shade depth = Height/ tan(VSA)
= 150/ tan(1.123)
= 0.70 m ~ 70 cms Horizontal shade
Vertical fin= Depth x tan HSA
= 120 x tan(2.67)
= 0.60 m ~ 60 cms Vertical fin
Considering Lowest HSA for Month of June & December for
Vertical Fin- East Façade
HSA= 313.05 degrees
Vertical fin= Depth x tan HSA
= 120 x tan(313.05)
= 0.25 m ~ 25 cms Vertical fin
Considering Lowest HSA for Month of June & December for
Vertical Fin- West Façade
HSA=117.92 degrees
Vertical fin= Depth x tan HSA
= 120 x tan(117.92)
= 1.08 m ~ 110 cms Vertical fin
Divided into 55 cm two louvers
SHADING DEVICE in DESIGN
North façade = 60 cms 2 louvers horizontal
shade
South façade = 70 cms Horizontal shade and
60 cm
Vertical fin
East façade = 25 cms Vertical fin
West façade = 55 cm 2 louvered Vertical fin
LANDSCAPING PARAMETERS IN DESIGN
• The effect of shading on the walls reduces the heat gain in the building thereby enhancing comfort and
reducing energy use. Vegetation also reduces the heat gain in the surroundings of the buildings by
shading the ground, parking lots, pavements, etc, which would otherwise heat up and cause urban heat
island effect.
• Trees also reduce ambient air temperature due to evapo-transpiration. A study shows that ambient air
under a tree adjacent to the wall is about 2 – 2.5°C lower than that for unshaded areas.
SITE PLAN-Circulation • Vegetation cover-Evergreen trees lines East and West to reduce harsh sun in
summer
• Operable shades to let in winter sun over East and South
• West façade is having entry which is treated with less number of openings
other than entrance door
• Lattice walls and landscaped screens are provided at west to overcome
undesirable hot predominant winds from west-operable lattice screens to
avoid winter blown cool winds inside the building

Visitors
Staff
Site Boundary
Cultural centre
Evergreen trees Services
Circular form building in three stories to minimise
Deciduous trees S/V ratio and P/A ratio
FRONT ELEVATIONAL VIEW AND SECTION OF THE BUILDING Wind from N,E and
West is captured by
3 sided Pakistani
type wind catcher
WEST ELEVATION

SOUTH EAST ELEVATION

 Predominant wind from North is allowed to
pass through Evergreen trees to reach at
OAT area which is semi open area.
Administration and Library is zoned at North
with major openings for day light and
ventilation

Existing tree cover and parking lot

Screens the Predominant wind from West
provided at West act as a buffer for
and let in cool filtered breeze Lattice
the building to get rid from noise
layer below the vertical creeper layer
and air pollution from Mathura road
Will be closed during winters to resist
cool breeze

Prevailing wind from

east is filtered by tree
lining in East with ever
Lattice screens at West façade near to green trees which
administration and landscape are lets in needs year round
cool breeze after filtering dusty hot wind South is the leeward side protection from sun
and the screens are operable which will But to let in winter sun and wind.
be closed during harsh winter to resist operable brise soeils
cool wind inside the building and deciduous tress are
lined
GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN
SECOND FLOOR PLAN ROOF PLAN
 Deciduous Trees –Design Case
1.Amaltas- Golden shower tree
2.Mahua- Mahua Longifolia

Height- 15-18 mtrs Height- 20 mtrs

Deciduous Deciduous
Have yellow flowers Have fruit and flower
Native to Delhi
LANDSCAPE PLAN Native to Delhi
Lawn- Carpet grass Evergreen Trees- to line up East and West
Sal Tree

Height- 30-35 mtr

Can use to line up cultivation
Less water required
Evergreen and sacred tree.
PASSIVE STRATEGY USED Windcatcher with Egyptian type with 3 side open
to wind direction and one side closed towards
leeward side
In design case South is leeward so south is closed
and other three sides are open to wind provided
with screens to capture wind and provide
breeze and comfortability within the building
circulation space.
Wind catcher opening will be operable during
winter season in order to block cool dry winds to
capture into the building.
90% efficiency providing at an angle of 25-30
degrees to wind direction