ME 20-20L-T

POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

Lecture 1:
Stationary Power
Generating System
Prepared
Technological University of the Philippines by:
- Taguig Rexmelle F. Decapia Jr., Ph.D.
Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Specific Learning Objectives
1. Define and describe a stationary power plant.

2. Classify the various stationary power generating

plants and discuss its applications

3. Identify the components stationary power

generating systems.

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
 Key Terms and Definitions
❑Conventional Sources of Energy
Sometimes termed as non-renewable energy
sources which means that the energy source is
obtained from fixed /natural reserves such as fossil
fuels and natural gas.

❑Non-conventional Energy Sources

Sometimes termed as renewable energy sources
which are generated from inexhaustible sources such
as wind, solar, biomass, and ocean energy sources.

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
735 MW Pagbilao Coal-Fired Power PLant

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Pagbilao Coal-Fired
Power PLant

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
1200 MW-Sual Coal-Fired Power PLant

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Sual Coal-Fired
Power PLant

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Makban Geothermal PLant

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Makban Geothermal PLant

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
 Key Terms and Definitions
❑Alternative Energy Sources
Encompasses all non-fossil-fuel-based energy
sources and processes, of which renewable energies
are only a part since this can also include hydrogen
power and fission power.

❑Indigenous Energy Sources

is an energy source originating or occurring
naturally in a particular place or process.

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
 Key Terms and Definitions

❑Energy Mix
is the specific combination of different energy
sources it uses to meet its energy consumption
needs.
❑Installed capacity
Production capacity of plant based either on
its rated (nameplate) capacity or actual
(practically determined) capacity.

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
 Key Terms and Definitions
❑Dependable capacity
is the load-carrying ability of an electric power
plant that is the fluctuating value of a generating
facility or transmission system during a specific time
interval and period.

❑Available capacity
is related to the Maximum Demand and is
essentially the amount of electricity the local DNO
(Distribution Network Operator) is required to
make available to your site at any one time.

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
 Philippine Energy Situationer

2763 MW, 33 2447 MW, 26 499 MW, 20 Solar Power 492 MW, 7 Wind Power
Hydropower Project Geothermal Project Project Project
POWER GENERATING PLANTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

263 MW, 12 Biomass 7342 MW, 16 Coal Fired 289 MW, 5 Diesel Power 3211 MW, 5 Natural Gas
Project Project Plant Plant
540 MW, 1 Combined
Cycle Plant

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Stationary Power Generating System

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Electric Power system and its Components

Power Station
❑consists of a prime mover, such as a turbine driven
by water, steam, or combustion gases that operate
a system of electric motors and generators.
❑most of the world's electric power is generated in
steam plants driven by coal, oil, nuclear energy, or
gas.
❑smaller percentage of the world’s electric power is
generated by hydroelectric (waterpower), diesel,
and internal-combustion plants.

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Electric Power system and its Components
• Transformers
❑transformers is used to convert electricity into different
voltages.
“With transformers, each stage of the system can be operated at an
appropriate voltage. In a typical system, the generators at the
power station deliver a voltage of from 1,000 to 26,000 volts (V).
Transformers step this voltage up to values ranging from 138,000 to
765,000 V for the long-distance primary transmission line because
higher voltages can be transmitted more efficiently over long
distances. At the substation the voltage may be transformed down
to levels of 69,000 to 138,000 V for further transfer on the
distribution system. Another set of transformers step the voltage
down again to a distribution level such as 2,400 or 4,160 V or 15, 27,
or 33 kilovolts (kV). Finally the voltage is transformed once again at
the distribution transformer near the point of use to 240 or 120 V.”

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Electric Power system and its Components
Transmission Lines
❑The lines of high-voltage transmission systems are usually
composed of wires of copper, aluminum, or copper-clad or
aluminum-clad steel, which are suspended from tall
latticework towers of steel by strings of porcelain
insulators. By the use of clad steel wires and high towers,
the distance between towers can be increased, and the
cost of the transmission line thus reduced.
❑In modern installations with essentially straight paths,
high-voltage lines may be built with as few as six towers to
the kilometer. In some areas high-voltage lines are
suspended from tall wooden poles spaced more closely
together. For lower voltage distribution lines, wooden poles
are generally used rather than steel towers.
Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig
Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Electric Power system and its Components
Transmission Lines
❑In cities and other areas where open lines create a safety
hazard or are considered unattractive, insulated
underground cables are used for distribution. Some of
these cables have a hollow core through which oil
circulates under low pressure.
❑The oil provides temporary protection from water damage
to the enclosed wires should the cable develop a leak.
Pipe-type cables in which three cables are enclosed in a
pipe filled with oil under high pressure (14 kg per sq
cm/200 psi) are frequently used. These cables are used
for transmission of current at voltages as high as 345,000
V (or 345 kV).

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
 Electric Power system and its Components
Supplementary Equipment
Any electric-distribution system involves a large amount of
supplementary equipment to protect the generators, transformers, and the
transmission lines themselves. The system often includes devices
designed to regulate the voltage or other characteristics of power
delivered to consumers.
• Circuit breakers
❑protect all elements of a power system from short circuits and
overloads, and for normal switching operation
❑are large switches that are activated automatically in the event of a
short circuit or other condition that produces a sudden rise of
current.
❑are immersed in a liquid that is a poor conductor of electricity, such
as oil, to quench the current. In large air-type circuit breakers, as well
as in oil breakers, magnetic fields are used to break up the current.
❑Small air-circuit breakers are used for protection in shops, factories,
and in modern home installations.
❑A fuse consists of a piece of alloy with a low melting point, inserted in
the circuit, which melts, breaking the circuit if the current rises
above a certain value.

Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig
Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering