DEFANTE - Et.al. - ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR AND PERCEIVED STRESS AMONG SELECTED YOUNG ADULTS AT NSSC

New Sinai School and Colleges Sta. Rosa Inc.
National Highway, Brgy. Tagapo, Santa Rosa City

PAGE
College of Psychology 1
ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR AND PERCEIVED STRESS AMONG

SELECTED YOUNG ADULTS OF NEW SINAI SCHOOL
AND COLLEGES STA.ROSA INC.
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
The College of Psychology
New Sinai School and Colleges Sta. Rosa, Inc.
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY
JOY M. DEFANTE
MERI RED L. SANTOS
DECEMBER 2021
PAGE
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
While technology continues to advance, people's way of life also evolves. It
has made society live conveniently through the modernization of the world. Due
to the high demand for internet users worldwide, businesses also use it for
advertising their goods. It is also a great way to lessen the time consumption of
people purchasing necessities and fulfilling their desires or cravings.
Online shopping is evolving more popular in the world in this day and age
basis that this research is essential. According to a study conducted by We Are
Social and Hootsuite in 2019, 71% (76 million) of the Philippines' total population
of 107.3 million individuals are active internet users. Seventy per cent (70%) of
those who answered the survey said they had purchased a product or service
online in the previous month.
This is especially true given that Filipinos spend an average of 4 hours and
12 minutes daily on social media, according to the Hootsuite and We Are Social
report, Digital, in 2019. In terms of eCommerce and omnichannel commerce, the
Philippines has immense potential. The Philippines has one of Asia's fastest-
growing client markets and one of the world's highest Internet usage rates. The
combination of rising urbanization and an emerging market of young shoppers
(the average age in the country is 24.3 years) indicates long-term economic
growth and greater consumption, according to a study by Santander Trade. It

PAGE
suggests that most Filipinos who purchase online are between the ages of 18
and 31—members of Generation Z and Millennials who are tech-savvy and
active on social media.
Background of the Study
William James (1890) stated that self-esteem was not bounded by the
edges of a person's mind or body but extended outwards to encompass all that
they are related to or "own" somehow. If someone loses something, that loss
causes a diminishment of the self, and if someone buys something or gets into a
relationship, the new person becomes a part of them. Correspondingly, if
someone loses interest, they can regain a part of what they have lost by buying
or otherwise incorporating it into their new objects of value (Mark Dombek
1999).
Research says there is a lot of psychological and therapeutic value when
shopping, which is done in moderation. People get a psychological and
emotional boost by adding items to a shopping cart online or visiting a favourite
boutique for a few hours (Scott 2021).

PAGE
Theoretical Framework
Figure 1. Tripartite Model
Retail Therapy
According to Legg (2020), people often assume that engaging in retail
therapy is a slippery slope toward overspending, but the researchers did not find
this true. Most participants stayed well within their budget. A second study from
2013 similarly found that retail therapy effectively turned a low mood around.
Interestingly, it appears to be more beneficial for sad moods, not angry ones.
Feelings of sadness, stress, or anxiety are often rooted in feelings of
powerlessness. The authors of the 2013 study suggest that retail therapy offers
people a sense of control that counteracts these feelings. Choosing to make a
purchase (or not to make a purchase) helps people feel empowered.

PAGE
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Online Shopping Behavior in

terms of: Perceived Level of Stress among
Selected Young Adults of New
1. Emotional Sinai School and Colleges Inc
2. Behavioral
3. Motivational
Figure 2. Research Paradigm of Online Shopping Behavior and

Perceived Stress among Selected Young Adults of
Figure 2 represents the framework of this research the independent variable
includes the online shopping behavior of the terms: Emotional, Behavioral and
Motivational. While dependent variable includes the Perceived Level of Stress
among Selected Young Adults of New Sinai School and Colleges Inc.
PAGE
Statement of the Problem
The study determined the involvement of Online Shopping Behavior and
Perceived Stress Among Selected Young Adults Of New Sinai School And
Colleges Sta. Rosa Inc:
1. What is the level of Online shopping behavior among young adults to
purchase in terms of:
1.1. Emotional;
1.2. Behavioral; and
1.3. Motivational?
2. What is the level of Perceived Stress among selected young adults?
3. Is there a significant relationship between online shopping behavior and
perceived stress among young adults who purchase online?
Hypothesis
Ho= There is no significant relationship between online shopping behavior
and perceived stress among young adults who purchase online.

PAGE
Scope and Delimitation
The general of this study was to explain the Online Shopping Behavior
And Perceived Stress Among Selected Young Adults Of New Sinai School And
Colleges Sta. Rosa Inc. The respondents were the faculty and administration of
the New Sinai School and Colleges employees between the ages of 20-35 years
old, employed during the school year 2021-2022. This involved a questionnaire
for selected young adults who utilized online shopping. This study focused on
assessing the level of online shopping behavior and perceived stress. The
researchers hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between the
level of motivation and perceived stress among young adults who purchase
online.
The researchers performed this survey online for the respondents' safety
because of COVID-19. The study has a limited number of respondents, despite
the study’s small sample size, the respondents are suitable since they are
employed and can afford to make purchases online. This research was
designed to have in-depth knowledge about their online shopping behavior,
namely: (1) Emotional (2) Motivational, and (3) Behavioral.
Perceived Stress was measured through the use of a standardized
questionnaire "Perceived Stress Scale" while Online Shopping Behavior was a
self-made questionnaire by the researchers to learn more about the online
shopping behavior of the respondents.

PAGE
Significance of the Study
This study will be beneficial to the following:
Young Adults Respondents. This study would bring awareness to the
respondents about how they make decisions regarding internet purchasing and
how it affects their behavior.
Field of Psychology scholars and practitioners. The results of this study can
be used as a guide for psychology students and professionals to understand
young adults' behavior on shopping online and the factors that influence their
decisions when purchasing online.
Community. This study will benefit business marketplaces by enhancing their
understanding of the factors that influence consumers' decisions to make
purchases online.
Researchers. This study will increase the researcher's understanding of and
awareness of their motivation, behavior, and emotions when making online
purchases.
Future Researchers. This study will be a reference for future researchers
interested in conducting similar topics for further and in-depth studies.

PAGE
Definition of Terms
The following operational and conceptual terms would help readers better
understand this research.
Cognitive – This term refers to as conceptually defined processes include
thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving.
E-commerce - This term refers to as conceptually defined as the buying and
selling of goods or services via the internet and the transfer of money and data
to complete the sales. It is also known as electronic commerce or internet
commerce.
Efficiency - This term refers to as conceptually defined accomplish something
with the least waste of time and effort; competency in performance.
Hedonic - This term refers to as conceptually defined refers to the experiences
ranging from pleasure to pain and includes biological, social, and
phenomenological aspects and their relationship to motivation and action.
Stress - This term refers to as conceptually defined as the feeling of being
overwhelmed or unable to cope with mental or emotional pressure.
Therapeutic - This term refers to as conceptually defined is the treatment of
disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods.

PAGE
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter includes foreign and local literature and studies related to the
research to help the researchers.
Consumers Buying Behavior
Regarding consumer buying behavior toward internet shopping, Rahman et
al. (2018) discussed an empirical study in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Researchers
have shown that Bangladeshi online buyers are youthful, most of whom are
under 40. They purchase online because it is faster and more accessible and
offers more merchandise like clothing, accessories, and tickets than brick-and-
mortar establishments. It also enables home delivery. They mostly rely on price
and experience as the basis of the quality judgment of items in online shopping,
and for payment systems, they prefer the cash-on-delivery option. Most
shoppers get the information primarily from Facebook advertisements that
friends and family pursue by following their “word of mouth” communication.
However, privacy and the inability to touch and feel are the most disliking factors
for online shoppers.

PAGE
Shopping elevates consumers' mood.
According to the article of Veldhuizen (2022) stated the statement of Dr.
Bea Scott a clinical psychologist “ shopping can improve your mood, but only if
you do it in moderation. Sometimes, especially when someone is feeling down or
depressed, we hear the phrase "I need some shopping therapy." Shopping (or
retail) therapy is distinct from regular shopping (such as purchasing necessities like
groceries) because the motivation to go shopping is driven by your emotions rather
than a need. It usually happens when you are feeling down or tense and go shopping
to distract yourself from what is causing your depression, with the expectation or
knowledge that it will lift your spirits.
This is the reason why you usually purchase something that makes you happy.
Some do it to commemorate an occasion, while others find fulfilment in window
shopping or online shopping. Shopping can improve the mood in some
circumstances of such nature that they might feel no control over a situation.
Although it cannot change or help resolve a problem, they would feel in control
because they can decide what they want to buy, how much they want to spend,
and when they should go shopping. They possibly forget about being upset for
a short while because they are distracted by the pleasure of shopping. The
sensory experience of the product makes an impact on a person's mood. An
example of sensory experience is attracted to the colourful display of goods,
the pleasant aroma, and the reviews of other customers' experience of the
products. The product's appearance removes the upsetting situation and

PAGE
temporarily forgets what dampens the spirit.
Retail therapy provides dopamine which lifts your mood, also known as the feel-
good hormone. Such as, someone decides to go shopping with the prospect of
the pleasure it brings; it also occurs when shopping online. The mere action of
loading the virtual shopping cart and then completing the online shopping
process also releases dopamine while waiting for the package to be delivered.
Perceived Stress and Online Shopping
The study of Zheng et. al (2019), showed that perceived stress was
positively associated with online buying. Negative coping partially mediated this
association and in addition, the direct effect of perceived stress on online
compulsive buying, and the mediating effect of negative coping, were moderated
by self-esteem. Specifically, these effects were weaker for women with higher
self-esteem.
While on the study of Veybitha et. al (2021) study found that stress is a
motivating factor for individuals to make online purchases during the pandemic.
The results of their study showed that Excessive worry increases the quantity of
purchases, but not the frequency. Increased purchases of health products can
reduce stress while purchasing care products can distract from the pandemic.
The increase in purchases is the contribution of consumers from segments who
have a fear of COVID-19 and are influenced by other people's buying styles.
PAGE
Furthermore, Amber (2021) published a blog that expressed how
nowadays people treat online shopping as therapy. The author stated that most
people are at their happiest when they're buying stuff for themselves. That it is a
form of self-care. According to her, Online Shopping become an effective stress
reliever for people through Retail Therapy, in which one shops with the primary
purpose of improving the buyer's mood or disposition. One factor that online
shopping can relieve stress is by producing dopamine which is one of the "feel-
good" chemicals in our brain. It's released either before or after purchasing an
item you want, it's the feeling of excitement.
High perceived stress among young adults
Dissing et. al (2019), Perceived stress can be described as feelings of
uncertainty in one's circumstances, as well as feeling unable to control one's
situation. Daily challenges and feeling as if one's problems keep piling up.
Anxiety, depressive symptoms, and fatigue can all be symptoms of perceived
high and prolonged stress. These stress-related symptoms may also make it
difficult to interact with others.
According to a review study, individuals with depressive symptoms have lower
social functioning, such as poorer control of their feelings, decreased ability to
concentrate on the topic of conversation, increased self-focus, and less smiling

PAGE
during social interaction. Because perceived stress and depressive symptoms
are linked, some of the exact mechanisms may occur in response to stress,
potentially leading to withdrawal from peers. A few studies have examined stress
and the number of self-reported social relationships, and they found that stress
indicators that linked to poor social relationship maintenance. However, likely
that the level of stress affects how respondents perceive and thus self-report on
social relationships, potentially biasing the results.
Interacting via smartphones became an important aspect of young adults
through social interaction such as buying online to keep up with the trends.
Further, none of these studies accounted for personality traits, which are strong
factors in determining both smartphone behaviour and perceived stress.
Online Shopping Provides Creative Expression and Aesthetic Pleasure
Under the article by Danziger (2019), retailers make use of visual sense
such as designs, color, styles and lighting to attract consumers. Visual cues are
beneficial to retailers in building effective consumer engagement. For instance,
products that have an eye-catching and radiant color convey boldness and an
extroverted personality. Consumers express themselves through fashion which
helps them to understand their self more.

PAGE
Perceived Mental Benefits, Online Trust, and Personal Information
Disclosure in Online Shopping
The study complements the relationship between the perceived mental
benefits, online trust, personal information disclosure, and customer anxiety. It
was conducted by Nguyen et al. (2019). The study finds that in the Vietnam e-
commerce context, which is regarded four dimensions: perceived enjoyment,
perceived social interaction, perceived discreetness, and perceived control. There
is also a positive impact of the perceived mental benefits and online trust on
personal information disclosure, and the perceived mental benefits positively
affect online confidence. The perceived mental benefits positively affect online
trust when purchasing in e-commerce. It also supports that online trust positively
affects customers' information disclosure. It means the perceived mental benefits
positively impacted the personal information disclosure. The result is adapted or
the relationship marketing framework in the traditional environment (Palmatier et
al.2006) and the online environment (Verma et al. 2016).
Purchased Intention
The study revealed that despite knowing the perceived risks such as
product, time, financial, delivery, and social risk, young professionals were
interested and would still definitely purchase online, but online shopping would
PAGE
not be frequent. It indicates the perception that a product purchased may fail to
function as expected initially, potential loss of time, financial loss, looking foolish
or becoming unpopular, and the perception. (Tham et al. 2019)
Brain-Based Effect of Shopping
Clinical psychologist Scott (2021) stated in the article on Brain and Spine,
“Research suggests there is a lot of psychological and therapeutic value when
you are shopping — if done in moderation, of course," he says. "Whether adding
items to your shopping cart online or visiting your favorite boutique for a few
hours, you get a psychological and emotional boost.” “Even window shopping or
online browsing can bring brain-fueled happiness. However, again, you want to
ensure it does not get out of hand.” According to Dr. Scott: Shopping restores a
sense of control. Research has shown that shopping can help reinforce a sense
of personal control over our environment. It can also ease feelings of sadness. A
study said that sadness is generally associated with a sense that situations
control the outcomes in our life rather than life being in our own hands. The
choices and outcomes inherent in shopping can restore a feeling of personal
control and autonomy. It is valid for residual sadness we may be feeling as well.
Dopamine is released even before a purchase is made.
As Scott (2021) points out, browsing, scrolling, or window shopping (but not
buying something) can positively impact your mood. This simple anticipation of
PAGE
the eventual possibility of a reward or treatment that releases dopamine is the
brain's hormone neurotransmitter that makes an individual feel good. Dopamine
increases the desire to continue seeking things that make it feel good (hence
retail therapy being a favorite go-to). “Some think the dopamine is released when
you get a reward or purchase an item, but it begins before you purchase as you
are delighting in all the possibilities," he says. "It is about the whole journey.”
Mood Benefits From Online Shopping
Scott (2021) gives an excellent example of dopamine release earlier in the
shopping journey. Online shopping can also ignite dopamine release another
way by waiting for the package to arrive. Think about retail subscriptions where it
may not know what is being delivered in the box. The unpredictability increases
the anticipation. Moreover, since the reward is unpredictable, a person
experiences dopamine-fueled excitement.
Stand Out From The Crowd
Consumers value a company who is interacting with them Scott et. al (2015).
Buying items is truly entertaining and having the latest items, stylist life, great
clothes and food caught a person's attention. For instance, multifunctional
gadgets will help consumers achieve a sense of owning something. Most
business company connects to their valued customers with a vague and stylist
concept to attract them and makes them feel that they have achieved something
PAGE
in life. It can boost consumers' sense of belonging. Which is also an emotional
motivation that drives them to purchase an item. (Salman et al. 2022)
Have Confidence In The Future
Technology makes people's daily life easier but in some instances, people
buy the latest phone even if they do not need it. Purchasing the latest items will
make them feel superior to others and boost their self-confidence. According to
Russell Feldman (2019), the population of the latest gadget consumers in the UK
is increasing. 60 per cent of UK's population who owns the latest gadgets are
working full time 11 per cent IT workeds and others were commuters. Feldman
calls them early adopters as they are anticipating a new release of gadgets.
They believe that owning the latest gadget is an advantage. Technology provides
solutions in daily life, that can make their life easier.
Enjoy A Sense Of Well-Being.
According to Ryff (1989) happiness can be defined in many ways such as a
sense of well-being. Sense of well-being refers to achieving happiness,
contentment, a positive mental state and so on. People may achieve a sense of
well-being thru hedonic a sense of happiness that is subjective and eudaimonic a
sense of happiness that a person can meet through autonomy, relationship, self-
acceptance, environment, personal growth and purpose in life.
As Merima et al. (2011) Hedonic Shopping Motivation is an impulse that makes a
person shop that helps a person meet their psychological needs such as a
feeling of contentment, subjective feelings, feelings of emotions and also

PAGE
increases dignity. (Widagdo et al. 2021)
Rise of Online Shopping Nationwide
Since the adoption of community quarantines to combat the surge of
coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) infections, online commerce has increased
statewide rather than just in major cities. There was an imbalanced or
disproportionate rise in demand. It was nationwide that we saw increased
general usage of the platform. Furthermore, Martin Yu, Associate Director of
Shopee Philippines, stated that this is the case as most people are using the
solution to locate their requirements and necessities during the virtual launch of
the Where You Shop Matters alliance with digital payments service provider
Visa. Thus according to Wolbert's survey, 77% of Filipino customers believe that
local shops must have an internet presence. The epidemic "has sped many
years' worth of change into a few months," he continued, "and this quick
escalation of the move to digital payments also implies that businesses must go
through a digital transformation and adapt to shifting customer behavior." It is
said that there are about close to 500,000 active sellers in Shopee to date.
(OECD 2020)
Reasons Why Filipinos Shop Online
According to this article, cited by Leong B. (2019) a study conducted by Visa,
Filipinos shop online for a few reasons. First, no need to visit physical stores,
meaning fewer fare expenses for the buyer. Also, some shops offer lower prices
PAGE
compared to the items at their physical store and give better deals online.
Another reason is that people obtain their desired items that are not locally
available through online shopping that offers overseas shipping. These reasons
are advantageous enough that most people consider continuing to buy online
even after the pandemic subsides/ends and restrictions are lifted.
How Online Shopping Behavior Of Filipinos Changed During Pandemic
In this article by Cerezo (2020) in the ABS-CBN news website portal, they
featured the examination done by iPrice during the pandemic regarding
SouthEast Asians' behavior towards online shopping. In the Philippines, a
significant change has happened in the online shopping industry ever since the
pandemic began, and everyone has had to stay at home for health and safety
reasons. It can be viewed that this has been one of the ways Filipinos are
adapting to the new normal, where students are learning in their own homes, and
employees have to work in the comforts of their rooms. Lesser contact from the
outside of their houses meant lesser chances of contracting the virus. There are
necessities and wants that must be fulfilled, and this is where online shopping
comes in handy for everyone, creating massive changes in how people
purchase.
PAGE
Shopping Provides Satisfaction On Mood
Arayata (2021) interviewed psychology professor James Philip Ray Pinggolio
and told the Philippine News Agency in an interview that "People buy stuff
because they want to feel rewarded and be happy. When they are sad, anxious,
or at times when they want to cope with stress, one of the ways to alleviate that
is using buying," The professor acknowledged that it is normal to shop and to
reward oneself for a job well done, as well as to shop to reduce stress and
anxiety. However, once this becomes too much, it could lead to compulsive
buying.
PAGE
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES
The techniques used by the researchers in conducting the analysis are
discussed in this section. It involves the research design, data sources,
sample population, instrumentation and validation, data collection process,
and statistical data treatment used to complete this study.
Research Design
In this study, quantitative research was used. It is a technique that depends
on numerical measurements, statistical calculations, and the relationships
between the variables under examination. The stress level of the young adults
participating in the study was assessed using the descriptive methodology.
Simple summaries of the metrics were provided by the researchers.
Research Locale
This study was carried out at the New Sinai School and Colleges Sta. Rosa
Laguna Inc., which is situated on the National Highway in the neighborhood of
Tagapo in the city of Sta. Rosa On June 20, 2008, New Sinai School and
Colleges Sta. Rosa Inc. was founded. The New Sinai School and Colleges Inc.
provided the researchers with information about the suitability and practicability
of the young adults who responded to the study and work at NSSC.
PAGE
Respondents of the Study
The Senior High Faculty and Administration Officers of New Sinai School
and Colleges Sta. Rosa, Inc. participated in this study as respondents. Because
young adults were said to shop more than older people, they were chosen as a
participant by the NSSC Senior High Faculty and Administration Office.
Participants in the study should have ages ranging from 20 to 35.
Sampling Method
The most accessible group, while not necessarily a representative one,
was used for convenience sampling by the researcher. It is a kind of
nonprobability sampling in which individuals are chosen as samples merely
because they provide researchers with "convenient" data sources. Each
component of the population has a known nonzero chance of being chosen
through a random selection process in probability sampling. Nonprobability
sampling doesn't involve selection probabilities that are known to be nonzero.
Instead, subjective approaches are utilized to choose which components belong
in the sample.
PAGE
Instrumentation and Validation
A survey created by the researcher was used in the study. The following
survey was created by the researchers specifically for young adults. The
questionnaire was created by the researchers. The rating scale questionnaire
was created using a five-point Likert Type Scale with the following
decipherings: such as 1- Less Agree, 2 - Moderately Agree, 3 - Strongly Agree,
4 - Highly Agree; Also, the stress level questionnaire also used the Likert scale
with a deciphering such as 0-Never, 1 - Almost Never, 2 - Sometimes, 3 –
Fairly Often, 4 - Very Often; The questionnaire was created It was distributed
to the target respondents, which was verified by the panel advisers. The study
used a researcher-made questionnaire. The researchers prepared the
following questionnaire for young adults. The researchers prepared the
questionnaire. The rating scale questionnaire was formulated using a five-point
Likert Type Scale with the upcoming deciphering The questionnaire was
formed of criteria for the variables under study and would be inspected under
the supervision of the thesis adviser. The panel advisors validated it was
distributed to the target respondents.

PAGE
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers wrote a letter requesting permission from the adviser to
perform a study to gather the data required for the investigation. The approval
would be signed and delivered to Rosa Inc., the program coordinator for the
psychology department at New Sinai School and Colleges. The letter to the
senior high administration and professors was also signed by the advisor. The
administrative and academic head of New Sinai School and Colleges Sta. Rosa
Inc. received a message from the program coordinator. The questionnaire was
sent to the senior high faculty and administration officers via an online survey
link once the letter was approved and signed. The statistician was then enlisted
to help the researchers review, interpret, and assess the findings. The
researchers discussed the results after evaluating the data. To respond to the
aforementioned questions, the researchers produced a summary.

PAGE
Statistical Treatment
The researchers used the following statistical formula to have a reliable result
for the study.
1. Weighted mean. This formula was used to assess the perception of young
adults in purchasing online based on the tripartite model and also to identify the
stress level of the young adults.
 fx
Formula: WM  F
Where:
WM = Weighted Mean
F = Frequency
X = Variable
4-Point Likert’s Scale

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
4 3.25 – 4.00 Highly Agree
3 2.50 – 3.24 Strongly Agree
2 1.75 – 2.49 Moderately Agree
1 1.00 – 1.74 Less Agree
2. The Likert Scale. The researchers used the 4-point Likert’s Scale below
with the ranges and verbal interpretation to determine young adults'
perception of purchasing online.

PAGE
The table above shows the 4-Point Likert Scale that the researchers
used to Determine young adults' perception of purchasing online. The verbal
interpretation of Highly Agree ranges from 3.25 to 4.00, while the verbal
interpretation of Strongly Agree ranges from 2.50 to 3.24. Moreover, the
verbal interpretation of Moderately Agree on ranges from 1.75 to 2.49, while
the verbal interpretation of Less Agree on ranges from 1.00 to 1.74.
Moreover, to determine young adults’ stress level, the possible
stressors, and how it is being eased by online shopping, the researchers
utilized the 5-point Likert’s Scale below with the ranges and verbal
interpretation.
5-Point Liker’s Scale

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation Level
4 4.20 – 5.00 Very Often Very High
3 3.40 – 4.19 Fairly Often High
2 2.60 – 3.39 Sometimes Average
1 1.80 – 2.59 Almost Never Low
0 1.00 – 1.79 Never Very Low
Table 2 above shows that the verbal interpretation of Very Often and level of
Very High has a range of 4.20 to 5.00, while the verbal interpretation of Fairly
Often and High ranges from 3.40 to 4.19. Moreover, the verbal interpretation
of the Sometimes and Average level ranges from 2.60 to 3.39, while the
verbal interpretation of Almost Never and Low level ranges from 1.80 to 2.59.
Lastly, the verbal interpretation of Never and Very Low levels ranges from
1.00 to 1.79.
PAGE
3. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (Pearson r).
To test the relationship between the variables in this study, the researchers
used the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (Pearson r).
However, the SPSS Software application calculates the variables' significant
relationship. Hence, the specific formula was not presented in this study. Table
3 below shows the Strength Test Association table that the researchers used to
interpret the analyzed data using the SPSS Software.
Strength Test Association Table

Strength of Coefficient r
Interpretation
Association Positive Negative
Statistically
Small .10 to .30 -.10 to -.30
Significant
Towards
practically
Medium .31 to .50 -.31 to -.50
significant
correlation
Practically
Large .51 to 1.0 -.51 to -1.0 significant
correlation
The computed r-value ranges from 0.10 to 0.30 means a small strength of
association and a verbal interpretation of statistically significant. In contrast, the
computed r-value ranges from 0.31 to 0.50 means a medium strength of
association and verbal interpretation toward practically significant correlation.
Lastly, the computed r-value ranges from 0.51 to 1.00 means a large strength
of association and a verbal interpretation of practically significant correlation.
Decision rule: Accept the Null Hypothesis if the computed p-value is less than
PAGE
the significance level of 0.05; otherwise, the decision is to Reject the null
hypothesis.
PAGE
33
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the data analyzed using the statistical treatment that
answers the research questions. This chapter is divided into several parts. The
first part discusses the first research question of this study; the second part
discusses the respondents' perceived stress level and the significant
relationship between the level of motivation and the perceived stress scale.
1. Level of Online Shopping Behavior
Table 1.1
Level of Online Shopping among Young Adults to
Purchase in terms of Emotional
Weighted Verbal
Statements
Mean Interpretation
I open my online shopping app to
2.62 Strongly Agree
relieve myself of boredom.
I shop online to make myself feel
2.46 Moderately Agree
relaxed.
Scrolling through online shops
keep me entertained after 2.38 Moderately Agree
experiencing a bad day.
I immediately add to the cart to
feel better.
Searching through online shop/s
boost my mood.
Overall Weighted Mean 2.40 Moderately Agree
Legend: 1.0-1.75 Less Agree, 1.76-2.5 Moderately agree, 2.51-3.25 Strongly agree, 3.26-4.0
Highly agree
Table 1.1 revealed the overall weighted mean of 2.40 interpreted as Moderately
Agree. The highest mean is 2.62 interpreted as Strongly Agree with a

PAGE
College of Psychology
statement that “I open my online shopping app to relieve myself of boredom,” At
the second highest got the mean of 2.46 which to it is Moderately Agree.
Meanwhile, the respondents that picked the "scrolling through online shops keep
me entertained after experiencing a bad day,” with a mean of 2.38, interpreted
as Moderately Agree. Also, some of the respondents selected the statement "I
immediately add to cart to feel better" mean 2.23, interpreted as Moderately
Agree. Lastly, the "Searching through online shop/s boost my mood," with the
2.31 mean and interpreted as moderately agree. The result above implies that
the respondents have different emotions when shopping online that fit their
In addition, there are many reasons for people's emotions. A study from
the Journal of Consumer Psychology discovered that retail therapy could help
consumers overcome residual feelings and make them joyful immediately. It
claims that shopping gives one a sense of control back, visualization diverts our
attention from anxiety, dopamine is emitted even before a transaction is made,
internet shopping improves happiness, and finally, preserving funds has
psychological benefits, as Scott (2021) indicated.
Table 1.2
PAGE
32
Purchase in terms of Behavioral

Weighted Verbal
Statements
Mean Interpretation
I like the treatment I receive from
2.69 Strongly agree
online sales associates.
I like the visual stimulation that
2.69 Strongly agree
online shopping site/s provide.
Scrolling and visiting online
shopping websites boost my 2.15 Moderately agree
energy throughout the day
When I use the products/items
online and see the result, I tend to 2.69 Strongly agree
buy more
Purchasing online provides me
with knowledge of new trends and 3.08 Strongly agree
updates my whole style
Overall Weighted Mean 2.66 Strongly agree
Legend: 1.0-1.75 Less Agree, 1.76-2.5 Moderately agree, 2.51-3.25 Strongly agree, 3.26-
4.0 Highly agree
As for Table 1.2, the level of motivation among young adults to purchase in
terms of behavior got the overall mean of 2.66 with the interpretation of
Moderately Agree. One of the choices, "Purchasing online provides me with
knowledge of new trends and updates my whole style," has a mean of 3.08,
interpreted by Strongly Agree. While the three choices of "I like the treatment I
receive from online sales associates," "I like the visual stimulation that online
shopping site/s provide," and "When I use the products/items online and see the
result, I tend to buy more," have the similar mean of 2.69 interpreted as
Strongly Agree. Last is the entry " Scrolling and visiting online shopping
websites boost my energy throughout the day " means 2.15 and is interpreted
as Moderately Agree. Furthermore, they strongly agreed that purchasing
products online and visiting online shops made them alive throughout the day.
PAGE
Based on the study by Rahman (2018), Bangladesh online buyers are
youthful, most of whom are under 40. They purchase online because it is more
convenient, enables delivery services, saves time, and offers more clothing,
accessories, and ticket options than brick-and-mortar stores. When purchasing
online, they mostly judge an item's quality based on affordability and familiarity.
Whenever it comes to forms of payment, they prefer the cash-on-delivery option.
Table 1.3
Purchase in terms of Motivational
Verbal
Statements Weighted Mean
Interpretation
Convenience of online purchasing
3.31 Highly Agree
made me buy there frequently.
I feel safer to shop online than in
the traditional mode.
I shop online to buy the needs of
2.62 Strongly Agree
my family.
I shop online to find new products
2.69 Strongly Agree
that I can use to look good.
I shop online to consider the new
products that will make me proud 2.54 Strongly Agree
of myself.
Overall Weighted Mean 2.72 Strongly Agree
Legend: 1.0-1.75 Less Agree, 1.76-2.5 Moderately agree, 2.51-3.25 Strongly agree, 3.26-
4.0 Highly agree
Table 1.3 below summarizes the overall weighted mean of the Level of
motivation which is 2.72 with an interpretation as Strongly Agree. It shows that
online shopping Strongly Agrees with the respondents' Level of Motivation. The
statement “Convenience of online purchasing made me buy there frequently.”
has a weighted mean of 3.31 with an interpretation Highly Agree. The second
statement “I feel safer to shop online than the traditional mode.” with a weighted
PAGE
mean 2.46 and with an interpretation Moderately Agree. Moreover, the
statement “I shop online to buy the needs for my family.” with a weighted mean
2.62 and interpreted as Strongly Agree. In addition, the statement “I shop
online to find new products that I can use to look good.” with a weighted mean of
2.69, with an interpretation as Strongly Agree. And lastly, the statement “I
shop online to consider the new products that will make me proud of myself.”
has a weighted mean of 2.54 with an interpretation of Strongly Agree.
Furthermore, Arayata (2021) stated that people seek motivation when
purchasing a product due to a feeling of reward. Shopping helps to cope with
stress. In addition Veldhuizen (2022) stated that shopping provides motivation
driven by emotions, this helps elevates feeling and gives a fulfilment in
purchasing a product. Moreover, Widagdo et. al (2021) cited Merima et. al
(2011) that shopping helps meet their psychological needs such as the feeling of
contentment and also increases dignity hence it gives motivation.
Table 1.4
Summary Of The Online Shopping
Behavior And Perceived Stress
Verbal
Variables Weighted Mean
Interpretation
Emotional 2.40 Moderately Agree
Behavioral 2.66 Strongly Agree
Motivational 2.72 Strongly Agree

Grand Weighted Mean 2.59 Strongly Agree
PAGE
Legend: 1.0-1.75 Less Agree, 1.76-2.5 Moderately agree, 2.51-3.25 Strongly agree,
3.26-4.0 Highly agree
Table 1.4 depicts the accumulated grand weighted mean was 2.59, interpreted
as Strongly Agree. Meanwhile, the emotional aspect gained 2.40, interpreted
as Moderately Agree. In addition, the behavioral aspect accumulated a mean
of 2.66, interpreted as Strongly Agree. Lastly, the motivational variable
collected a mean of 2.72, which indicates Strongly Agree. Therefore, young
adults' emotions were much lifted, and their boredom was alleviated when they
shopped online.
2. Level of Perceived Stress
Table 2.1
Leve of Perceived Stress among Young Adults
Weighted Verbal
Statements
Mean Interpretation
In the last month, how often have you
been upset because something 1.85 Average
happened unexpectedly?
PAGE
36
In the last month, how often have you Average
felt that you were unable to control the 1.46
important things in your life?
2.38
felt nervous and “stressed”?
felt confident about your ability to 2.23
handle your problems?
2.00
felt that things were going your way?
found that you could not cope with all 1.62
the things that you had to do?
been able to control irritations in your 2.23
life?
2.23
felt that you were on top of things?
been angered because of things that 1.77
were outside of your control?
felt difficulties were piling up so high 1.92
that you could not overcome them?
Overall Weighted Mean 2.28 Average
Legend: 0-0.80 Very Low, 0.81-1.60 Low, 1.61-2.4 Average,
2.41-3.20 High, 3.21-4.00 Very High
The perceived stress level is displayed in table 2.1. It revealed a stress level of
38 a weighted average mean of 2.28. The item, "In the previous month, how
often have you felt nervous and "stressed"?" showed as the strongest indicator
of stress, with a weighted mean of 2.38, which is read as Average and the
question, "In the previous month, how often have you felt that you were unable
to control the important things in your life?" came in last, with a weighted mean
of 1.46, which is interpreted as Average. This indicates that the respondents
occasionally felt stressed about handling and controlling unfavourable

PAGE
occurrences and being at the limit of their abilities.
The study by Zheng et. al (2019), stated that perceived stress is
positively associated with online buying due to having a mediating effect from
the stress. Moreover, Veybitha et. al (2021) stress is a motivating factor for
individuals to purchase online, their level of stress increases the quatity of
purchasing a product.
In addition, Dissing et. al (2019), discussed that Perceived stress can be
described as feelings of uncertainty in one's circumstances, as well as feeling
unable to control one's situation. Stress-related symptoms may also make it
difficult to cope with their daily routines. Hence, young adults are dependent on
using smartphones and purchasing online to keep up with the trends and cope
with their stress.
3. Significant Relationship Between The Level Of Motivation and Perceived
Stress among Young Adults Who Purchase Online
The following presentation shows the significant relationship between
stress level and the tripartite model, namely, motivational, emotional, and
behavioral.
PAGE
Table 3.1
Emotional and Level of Stress vs Behavioral and Level of Stress vs
Motivational and Level of Stress
Variable
N r-value P-value Interpretation Decision
s
There is a high positive
Emotional
relationship between
and Level 13 0.967 0.000 Reject Ho
emotional and level of
of Stress
stress
Behavioral
and Level of 13 0.882 0.000 Reject Ho
behavioral and level of
Stress
stress.
Motivational
motivational and level of
Stress
stress.
There is a significant high positive relationship between emotional
motivation and level of stress at an R-value of 0.967 and a p-value of 0.000. It
means that as emotional motivation increases, the level of stress increases as
well. There is a significant high positive relationship between behavioral
motivation and level of stress at an R-value of 0.882 and p-value of 0.000. It
means that as behavioral motivation increases, the level of stress increases.
There is a significant high positive relationship between motivational and level of
stress at an R-value of 0.900 and p-value of 0.000. It means that as behavioral
motivation increases, the level of stress increases. It only implies that the
emotional, behavioral, and motivational aspect of online shopping among young
adults does affect their stress levels. Since the computed p-value of 0.000 is
less than the level of significance of 0.05 the decision is to reject the null
hypothesis. The following table summarizes the significant relationship between

PAGE
37
motivation and level of stress. It shows only that the motivational aspect of
online shopping has affected the stress level of young adults.
Table 3.2
The Overall Significant Relationship between the Motivation of Young
Adults in Purchasing Online vs Stress Level
p-
Variables N r-value Interpretation Decision
value
There is a high
positive
Motivation
relationship
between
Stress
motivation and
level of stress.
The table above shows that the computed r-value is 0.873, having a s positive
correlation, with a calculated p-value of 0.000. As motivation increases, the level
of stress increases as well. Since the computed p-value of 0.000 is less than the
level of significance of 0.05 the decision is to reject the null hypothesis. It only
implies that the aspects of motivation and stress level are statistically
significant. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between the
motivation among young adults and their stress level in online shopping.
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter further discusses the research problems, respondents of the
study, and the statistical treatments applied to the investigation data. Finally, it
focuses on summarizing the findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

PAGE
Summary of Study
The study's main objective is to determine if Online Shopping Behavior and
Perceived Stress among selected young adults at New Sinai School and
Colleges Inc. Faculty and Administration. The study determined the following:
a.) the motivation of young adults to purchase online, b.) the perceived stress
levels of young adults, and c.) the significant relationship between the level of
motivation and perceived stress among young adults that purchase online. The
researcher used the weighted mean formula to identify the young adults'
motivation to purchase online and the Pearson product-moment correlation
coefficient to determine the significant relationship between the variables.
Summary Findings
The followings are the findings of the study:
1. The respondents Moderately Agreed that the emotional aspect has affected
them to purchase online with an accumulated grand weighted mean of 2.40.

PAGE
41
Additionally, researchers observed the behavioral aspect with a weighted
mean of 2.66 interpreted as Strongly Agreed that online purchasing has an
impact on their purchasing online provides them knowledge of new trends.
Also, the researchers found out that the respondents Strongly Agreed that
the convenience of purchasing online made them frequently buy in terms of
motivational with a mean of 2.72. Moreover, the result also shows that the
respondents Strongly Agree with a weighted mean of 2.59 - that online
shopping influences their behavior in purchasing a product.
2. The respondents show they Average felt stressed about handling and
controlling unfavorable occurrences and being at the limit of their abilities,
with an overall weighted average mean of 2.28.
3. The emotional stress level has a high positive relationship with a computed r-
value of 0.967 and a p-value of 0.000. On the other hand, the behavioral
aspect and stress level have a significantly high positive relationship with a
computed r-value of 0.882 and a p-value of 0.000. Moreover, in the
motivational and stress level, the computed r-value is 0.900, having a
positive correlation, with a calculated p-value of 0.000.
The respondents show that if the emotional, behavioral and motivational
aspects increase, it also influences the rise of stress level. Hence, the
decision is to reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusions
PAGE
Based on the mentioned finding of the study above, the following conclusions
are drawn:
1. The motivational aspect has affected young adults to purchase online. Also,
they moderately agreed that the convenience of purchasing online made them
frequently buy in terms of emotion and motivation.
2. The perceived stress shows that the respondents sometimes felt stress
regarding handling and controlling unfavorable circumstances that limit their
abilities.
3. There is a high positive relation or significance between emotional,
behavioral and motivational that affect the stress level.
Recommendations
Based on the gathered results and conclusions of the study, the researchers at
this moment recommend the following:

PAGE
1. The owners or developers of online shopping websites or applications
should survey consumers' various motivations for shopping to improve
the services they could offer them. Improving once websites and another
online platform to buy products.
2. Young adults should purchase products online based on what they feel or
what product is suitable for them. Also, young adults should engage
themselves in this kind of activity, like purchasing online for them, to
improve their mood and well-being. Young adults should identify their
goals and motivations before purchasing online to avoid disappointments
and stress. Young adults should identify their goals and motivations
before purchasing online to avoid disappointments and also stress.
3. For future researchers to further research the benefits of online shopping
and perceived stress. The researchers recommend using this study for
future researchers who will conduct a study regarding young adults' views
on online shopping behavior and perceived stress.
REFERENCES
Amber, K. (2021, July 10). Can Online Shopping Relieve Stress? Lalamove.
https://www.lalamove.com/en-ph/blog/can-online-shopping-relieve-stress
Ambrose, K. (2020). Retail Psychology: How Understanding Consumer

Behavior Can Improve Your Retail Store’s Sales. Marketing. Shopify Retail
PAGE
Blog. https://www.shopify.com/ph/retail/retail-psychology
American Psychological Association. (n.d.).Hedonic Psychology. Apa Dictionary

of Psychology. American Psychological Association.
https://dictionary.apa.org/hedonic-psychology
Arayata, M. C. (2021) Is it 'splurging' or 'treating' yourself? Philippine News

Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1139934
Battaglia, M. (n.d.). Convenience Sampling. Sage Research Methods.

https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/encyclopedia-of-survey-research-
methods/n105.xml
Bhargava, D. & Trivedi, H. (2018). A Study of Causes of Stress and Stress

Management among Youth. IRA – International Journal of Management of
Social Sciences, Vol.11(03). https://pdfs.semantic scholar.org/a47d
/1ee3ebf6bf36184a12247dc2d7b17dd80371.pdf
Cerezo, A. G. (2020) How online shopping behavior of Filipinos changed

during the pandemic. ABS-CBN News.
https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/10/14/20/how-online-shopping-behavior-of-
filipinos-changed-during-pandemic
Clarete, R. L. (2019). E-Commerce in the Philippines. Developing the Digital

Economy in ASEAN, Chapter 9.https://books.google.com.ph/books?id
=KyGVDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Clarete,+R.+L.+(2019).+-
Commerce+in+the+Philippines.
+Developing+the+Digital+Economy+in+ASEAN.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKE
wicutHditj4AhUEDt4KHZglBr4Q6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false
Cleveland Clinic Org. (2021). “Why Retail “Therapy” Makes You Feel Happier”.
Brain & Spine. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/retail-therapy-shopping-
compulsion/
Danziger, P. (2019). Retailers Need to Engage Shoppers’ Five Senses To Save

Physical Retail. https://www.forbes.com/sites/pamd anziger/2019/08/04
/retailers-need-to-engage-shoppers-five-senses-to-save-physical-retail/?
sh=7b4eff5d5634
Dictionary.com(n.d.). Convenience.Dictionary.com.
https://www.dictionary.com /browse/convenience
Dictionary.com(n.d.). Efficiency. Dictionary.com. https://www.dictionary.com

PAGE
/browse/efficiency
Dig et.al (2017). Perceived Risks and Online Purchase Intention of Young
Professionals in the Fifth District of Cavite. https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-
content /uploads /pdf/ conferences
/research-congress-proceedings/2017/EBM/EBM-II-018.pdf
Dissing et. al (2019). High Perceived Stress and Social Interaction Behavior
Among Young Adults – A study based on objective measures of face-to-face
and smartphone interactions. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=
10.1371/journal.pone.0218429
Feldman (2019). Who buys the latest and greatest gadgets?.

https://yougov.co.uk/topics/technology/articles-reports/2019/07/03/who-buys-
latest-and-greatest-gadgets
Kemp, S. & Moey, S. (2019). Digital 2019 Spotlight: E-commerce in

the Philippines. Datareportal. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-
ecommerce-in-the-philippines
Lee,L. & Böttger, T. M, (2017). ”The Therapeutic Utility of Shopping: Retail

Therapy,Emotion and Well-being”. https://web2-bschool.nus.Edu .sg/wp-
content/uploads/media_rp/publications/jcm5q1491185835.pdf
Lee, L. (2015). The Emotional Shopper: Assessing the Effectiveness of Retail

Therapy. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate. net/ publication/
279281922_The_Emotional_Shopper_Assessing_the_Effectiveness_of_Ret
ail_Therapy.
Leong,B. (2021). Who are the Philippines’ Online Shoppers?

Janio Asia. https://janio.asia/articles/who-are-philippines-online shoppers/
Lumen Learning. (n.d.). Descriptive Research. Introduction to Psychology.

Lumen Learning. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hvcc-psychology-
1/chapter/outcome-approaches-to-research/
Mental Health Foundation. (2021). Stress. Mental Health Foundation.

https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/a-to-z/s/stress
Merriam-Webster (n.d.). Need. Merriam - Webster. https://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/need.
Merriam-Webster (n.d.). Therapeutic. Merriam - Webster. https://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/therapeutic.
PAGE
46
Ohio University (2022). 5 Consumers Behavior Theories Every Marketer Should

Know. Online Master of Business Administration. Ohio University.
https://onlinemasters.ohio.edu/blog/consumer-behavior-theories-every-
marketer-should-know/
Pandey, K. (2021). Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory for Marketers. Super

Heuristics. https://www.superheuristics.com/maslow-hierarchy-of-needs-
theory-for-marketers/
Rahman, M.A. et.al,. (2018).”Consumer buying behavior towards online

shopping: An empirical study on Dhaka city, Bangladesh”. Cogent Business
and Management, Volume 5. https://www.tandfonline.com
/doi/full/10.1080/23311975.2018.1514940
Roberts, T. (n.d.). What is Omnichannel Commerce? Definition, Benefits, and

Trends. Bloomreach. https:// www. bloomreach.com/en/blog/2019
/omnichannel-commerce-for-business
Ryff (2021) The Ryff Scales of Psychological Wellbeing: Your How-To Guide
https://positivepsychology.com/ryff-scale-psychological-wellbeing/
Salman Z. (2022) The Benefits of Gadgets in Daily Life.

https://techieloops.com/benefits-of-gadgets-in-daily-life/
Smith, J. (n.d.). Stress and Coping for Adolescents. James Cook University.
https://docplayer.net/14146032-Stress-and-coping-for-adolescents-john-
smith-james-cook-university.html
Suh, B. & Han, I. (2003). The Impact of Customer Trust and Perception of
Security Control on the Acceptance of Electronic Commerce. Academia.
https://www.academia.edu/1421249/The_impact_of_customer_trust_and_pe
rception_of_security_control_on_the_acceptance_of_electronic_commerce.
Tham et.al (2019). Perceived Risk Factors Affecting Consumers' Online

Shopping Behavior. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and
Business , 6 (4), 249–260.
https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2019.VOL6.NO4.249
Veldhuizen, M. (2022). Retail Therapy – Why does shopping make you feel
happier and when does it become a problem?.
https://welstand.solidariteit.co.za/en/retail-therapy-why-does-shopping-make-
you-feel-happier-and-when-does-it-become-a-problem/
PAGE
Veybitha et.al (2021) The Impact of Stress During the Covid 19 Pandemic on
Online Buying Behavior: A Meta-Analysis Study.The International Journal of
Social Sciences World. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5644379 ISSN
2690-5167 G
Villanueva, J. (2020). Rise of Online Shopping Nationwide, Not just from Metro.
Republic of the Philippines: Philippine News Agency. https://
www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1112078
Widagdo, B., & Roz, K. (2021). Hedonic Shopping Motivation and Impulse
Buying: The Effect of Website Quality on Customer Satisfaction. The Journal
of Asian Finance, Economics and Business , 8 (1), 395–405.
https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO1.395
Zheng et. al (2019). Perceived stress and online compulsive buying among

women: A moderated mediation model. Computers in Human
Behavior. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.
PAGE
APPENDICES
48
PAGE
Appendix A
Letters to the Validators
49
PAGE
50
PAGE
51
PAGE
52
PAGE
53
PAGE
Appendix B
Certification to the Validators
54
PAGE
55
PAGE
56
PAGE
57
PAGE
58
PAGE
APPENDIX C
Letter to the Statistician
59
PAGE
60
PAGE
APPENDIX D
Certification of the Data Treatment
61
STATISTICIAN’S CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the statistical treatment and computations in the

PAGE
thesis entitled “ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR AND PERCIEVED STRESS
AMONG SELECTED YOUNG ADULTS AT NEW SINAI SCHOOL AND
COLLEGES SANTA ROSA INC.” by JOY M. DEFANTE AND MERI RED L.
SANTOS were correctly done. Moreover, the undersigned further certify that
the numerical are accurate, and valid.
MAY FAITH M. RICABLANCA

Statistician
62
PAGE
APPENDIX E
Letter to the Language Editor
63
PAGE
64
PAGE
APPENDIX F
Certification of the Language Editor
65
EDITOR’S CERTIFICATION
This thesis entitled “ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR AND PERCEIVED
STRESS AMONG SELECTED YOUNG ADULTS OF NEW SINAI

PAGE
SCHOOLAND COLLEGES STA.ROSA INC.” prepared by JOY M. DEFANTE
and MERI RED L. SANTOS in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY has been examined
and edited and is hereby recommended for oral examination.
LYNDON REY A. ENGAÑO, T-3

Language Editor
66
PAGE
APPENDIX G
Letter for Administration of Instrument
67
PAGE
68
PAGE
APPENDIX H
Research Instrument
69
PAGE
70
PAGE
71
PAGE
72
PAGE
73
PAGE
74
PAGE
75
PAGE
76
PAGE
77
PAGE
78
PAGE
79
PAGE
APPENDIX H
Word Format of the Research Instrument
80
ONLINE SHOPPING: RETAIL THERAPY TO PERCEIVED ALLEVIATE

PAGE
STRESS AMONG SELECTED YOUNG ADULTS AT NEW SINAI SCHOOL
AND COLLEGES STA.ROSA INC.
Good day! ☺
Good day, we are 4th year BS Psychology students, conducting our research in
Psychology 2 entitled " ONLINE SHOPPING: RETAIL THERAPY TO
PERCEIVED ALLEVIATE STRESS AMONG SELECTED YOUNG ADULTS AT
NEW SINAI SCHOOL AND COLLEGES STA.ROSA INC." We are humbly
requesting your prompt response on our self - administered questionnaire.
Intended to be used for the said study, as part of the instrumentation.
Respectfully yours,
Joy M. Defante
Meri Red Santos
Researchers, Bachelor of Psychology
New Sinai School and Colleges of Sta.Rosa Inc.

PAGE
PART 1
EMAIL:___________________________________
FULL NAME:_______________________________
BIRTHDAY:________________________________
PROFESSION:
o FACULTY
o ADMIN
MARITAL STATUS:
o SINGLE
o MARRIED
o SEPERATED
o WIDOWER
MONTHY INCOME:
o LESS THAN 15,000
o 15,001-30,000
o 30,001-60,000
o 60,001 AND ABOVE
ONLINE STORES: (minimum of 3)
o BEAUTYMNL
o FOOD PANDA
o GO ROBINSONS
o GRAB
o LAZADA
o PUREGOLD MOBILE
o SHEIN
o SHOP SM
o SHOPEE PH
o ZALORA
o Other/s:
WHAT TYPE OF PRODUCTS DO YOU USUALLY BUY?

o Appliances (Oven, Washing Machine, Vacuum, etc.)
PAGE
o Electronics (Cellphone, Laptop, Television, etc.)
o Fashion Items (Make-Up, Clothes, Shoes, etc.) 82
o Furniture (Desk, Tabletops, Chair, Sofas, etc.)
o Grocery (Pantry Items, Food Supplies, Frozen Foods, etc.)
o Miscellaneous Products (Pet Clothes, Mystery Boxes,
Merchandise Items, etc..)
o Transportation (E-bikes, Car, Motorcycles, etc. )
o Other/s:
HOW OFTEN DO YOU SHOP ONLINE IN A MONTH?

o Everyday
o 1-3 days in a week
o 4-6 days in a week
o Once a month
o Twice a month
ALLOCATED BUDGET FOR YOUR ONLINE SHOPPING IN A MONTH?

o 500-2,500
o 2,501-5,000
o 5,001-7,500
o 7,501-10,000+
HOW LONG DO YOU SPEND YOUR TIME SEEKING FOR THE

PRODUCT YOU NEED?
o Less than 5 minutes
o 10-30 minutes
o 1 hour
o More than 2 hours
HOW DO YOU PAY YOUR ORDERS ONLINE?

o Cash-On-Delivery
o Credit or Debit Card
o Online Payment (Gcash, PayMaya, Coins.PH, etc.)
o Payment Center (Palawan Express, Cebuana Lhuilier, Bayad
Center, etc.)
o Bank Payment (BDO, ChinaBank, UCPB, AUB, etc.)
o Installment Payment (SPayLater via Shopee, LazPayLater via
Lazada, etc)
PAGE
83
1
PART 2
Online Purchasing Agreeableness

For questionnaire it is formulated of a five-point Likert Type Scale. Specifically
indicates from:
(1) Less Agree
(2) Moderately Agree
(3) Strongly Agree
(4) Highly Agree
1.1 EMOTIONAL 4 3 2 1
1. I open my online shopping app to
relieve myself of boredom.
2. I shop online to make myself feel
relaxed.
3. Scrolling through online shops
keep me entertained after
experiencing a bad day.
4. I immediately add to cart to feel
better.
5. Searching through online shop/s
boost my mood.
1.2 BEHAVIORAL 4 3 2 1
1. I like the treatment I receive from
online sales associates.
2. I like the visual stimulation that
online shopping site/s provides.
3. Scrolling and visiting online
shopping websites boost my energy
throughout the day
4. When I use the products/items
online and see the result, I tend to
PAGE
buy more
5. Purchasing online provides me
with knowledge of new trends and
84
update my whole style
1.3 MOTIVATIONAL 4 3 2 1
1. Convenience of online
purchasing made me buy there
frequently.
2. I feel safer to shop online
than in the traditional mode.
3. I shop online to buy the needs
of my family.
4. I shop online to find new
products that I can use to look
good.
5. I shop online to consider the
new products that will make me
proud of myself.
PAGE
85
Part 3
2. PERCEIVED STRESS 4 3 2 1 0
1. In the last month, how often
have you been upset because of
something that happened
unexpectedly?
have you felt that you were
unable to control the important
things in your life?
have you felt nervous and
“stressed”?
have you felt confident about
your ability to handle your
personal problems?
have you felt that things were
going your way?
have you found that you could not
cope with all the things that you
had to do?
have you been able to control
irritations in your life?
have you felt that you were on
top of things?
have you been angered because
of things that were outside of
your control?
have you felt difficulties were
PAGE
piling up so high that you could
not overcome them?
86
APPENDIX J
Summary of Validation
PAGE
87
PAGE
88
PAGE
89
PAGE
90
PAGE
APPENDIX K
Curriculum Vitae
91
PAGE
92
PAGE

DEFANTE - Et.al. - ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR AND PERCEIVED STRESS AMONG SELECTED YOUNG ADULTS AT NSSC

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DEFANTE - Et.al. - ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR AND PERCEIVED STRESS AMONG SELECTED YOUNG ADULTS AT NSSC

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

New Sinai School and Colleges Sta. Rosa Inc.

National Highway, Brgy. Tagapo, Santa Rosa City

ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR AND PERCEIVED STRESS AMONG

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

While technology continues to advance, people's way of life also evolves. It

people purchasing necessities and fulfilling their desires or cravings.

basis that this research is essential. According to a study conducted by We Are

online in the previous month.

report, Digital, in 2019. In terms of eCommerce and omnichannel commerce, the

combination of rising urbanization and an emerging market of young shoppers

growth and greater consumption, according to a study by Santander Trade. It

and 31—members of Generation Z and Millennials who are tech-savvy and

active on social media.

Background of the Study

relationship, the new person becomes a part of them. Correspondingly, if

or otherwise incorporating it into their new objects of value (Mark Dombek

Research says there is a lot of psychological and therapeutic value when

shopping, which is done in moderation. People get a psychological and

emotional boost by adding items to a shopping cart online or visiting a favourite

boutique for a few hours (Scott 2021).

Figure 1. Tripartite Model

According to Legg (2020), people often assume that engaging in retail

Feelings of sadness, stress, or anxiety are often rooted in feelings of

people a sense of control that counteracts these feelings. Choosing to make a

purchase (or not to make a purchase) helps people feel empowered.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Online Shopping Behavior in

Figure 2. Research Paradigm of Online Shopping Behavior and

Figure 2 represents the framework of this research the independent variable

Motivational. While dependent variable includes the Perceived Level of Stress

Statement of the Problem

The study determined the involvement of Online Shopping Behavior and

Colleges Sta. Rosa Inc:

1. What is the level of Online shopping behavior among young adults to

purchase in terms of:

1.2. Behavioral; and

2. What is the level of Perceived Stress among selected young adults?

3. Is there a significant relationship between online shopping behavior and

perceived stress among young adults who purchase online?

Ho= There is no significant relationship between online shopping behavior

and perceived stress among young adults who purchase online.

Scope and Delimitation

researchers hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between the

because of COVID-19. The study has a limited number of respondents, despite

designed to have in-depth knowledge about their online shopping behavior,

namely: (1) Emotional (2) Motivational, and (3) Behavioral.

Perceived Stress was measured through the use of a standardized

questionnaire "Perceived Stress Scale" while Online Shopping Behavior was a

self-made questionnaire by the researchers to learn more about the online

shopping behavior of the respondents.

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

Young Adults Respondents. This study would bring awareness to the

how it affects their behavior.

be used as a guide for psychology students and professionals to understand

decisions when purchasing online.

Community. This study will benefit business marketplaces by enhancing their

understanding of the factors that influence consumers' decisions to make

Researchers. This study will increase the researcher's understanding of and

awareness of their motivation, behavior, and emotions when making online

Future Researchers. This study will be a reference for future researchers

interested in conducting similar topics for further and in-depth studies.

understand this research.