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PROTEIN STRUCTURES
GOOD
MORNING/AFTERNOON!
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➢ Check-in ACIS
SESSION LEARNING
OUTCOMES
Session Learning - Able to describe the biochemistry of DNA, RNA, and protein
Objectives - Able to differentiate the organization of DNA in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
Describe the basic role of each cellular biology components and its
CLO2
synergy to function
CLO3 Define primary molecular biology components: DNA, RNA and Protein.
PRE-WATSON-CRICK’S
MODEL (PRE-1953)
Chargaff’s law
1. Composition of DNA
(bases) varies among
species → nucleotides
do not repeat in the
same order (see later)
2. The amount of A = T
amount of C = G
OTHER DNA MODELS
Tetranucleotide
model
Triple-helix model
C5
C4 C1
C3 C2
DNA BASE PAIRING
THE DOUBLE HELICAL STRUCTURE –
BASE STACKING
ALTERNATIVE
DNA
STRUCTURE
DNA SUPERCOILING
(CIRCULAR DNA)
5 MIN BREAK
RNA BUILDING BLOCKS:
RIBO-NUCLEIC ACIDS
DISCUSSION ROOM
Watch-along video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w9VsBW6D
Q7o
RNA
STRUCTURES Knowing the RNA structure (and the similarities
of DNA), what chemical properties does an RNA
has?
RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURES
Conventiona
l base Nonconvention
pairing al base pairing
KINETICS OF RNA FOLDING
DISCUSSION ROOM
TYPES OF RNAs
EXAMPLE: RELATIONSHIP AMONG FIVE
MAJOR RNAs DURING GENE EXPRESSION
VARIOUS RNA FUNCTIONS
1. RNA can serve as a “scaffold.” An RNA molecule may act as a scaffold or
framework upon which proteins can be assembled.
2. RNA–protein enzymes = ribonucleoprotein (RNPs). Example: telomerase,
where the RNA serves as the template for the addition of
deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) by the reverse transcriptase
protein. In contrast, in other catalytic RNPs, such as ribonuclease
(RNase) P and the ribosome, the RNA is catalytic, not the protein.
3. RNA molecules termed “ribozymes” can catalyze a number of the
chemical reactions that take place in living cells
4. Small RNAs can directly control gene expression (riboswitches, RNAi,
etc)
5. RNA can be the hereditary material (for viruses)
RIBOZYMES
5 MIN
BREAK
AMINO ACIDS
Watch-along:
Protein structure overview (3:38)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBRFIMcxZ
PROTEIN NM
STRUCTURE
What is a protein? (6:57)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvTv8TqW
C48
DISCUSSION ROOM
TERTIARY STRUCTURE
DISULFIDE BOND (A COVALENT
BOND TO STABILIZE PROTEINS)
DISCUSSION ROOM