DOMES

PRESENTED BY

RUMISHA GOSWAMI
2B
210BARCH091
 INTRODUCTION
Domes are prominent features of Persian, Roman, Byzantine,
Islamic, and Italian Renaissance design.
The 'Building Construction Handbook' describes domes as:
'Double curvature shells which can be rotationally formed by
any curved geometrical plane figure rotating about a central
vertical axis.'
In its simplest form, a dome is a hollow hemispherical
structural element.
Domes evolved from arches, originally being adapted only to
small buildings such as huts and tombs.
However, as construction and design techniques developed,
they became more popular as a means of showcasing grand
structures such as cathedrals, legislative buildings and, more
recently, leisure buildings such as sports stadia.
Domes became famous because they are self supporting
structures.
ELEMENTS
Coffer
Cupola
Lantern
Oculus
Pendentive
Rotunda
Squinch
Tholobate/Drum
Coffer
It is a series of sunken panels in the
shape of a square, rectangle, or
octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault

Coffer
Cupola
A small dome like structure on top
of a building.
Generally crowns a larger dome

Cupola
Lantern
A daylighting element above cupola

Lantern
Oculus
An oculus is a circular opening in Oculus
centre of a dome or in a wall
Pendative
It is constructive device which allows
the placement of the circular dome
over the square room or elliptical
over rectangular room
Rotunda
A circular ground plan which is
covered by a dome
Squinch
A construction filling in the upper angles
of a square room so as to form a base to
receive a dome
Tholobate
A tholobate is the upright part of
building on which dome raised
It is also referrred as a drum

Drum
TYPES
Corbel
Cross-arched
Geodesic
Onion
Oval
Saucer
Umbrella
Corbel Domes
Also called a beehive dome, or false dome, these are different from a 'true
dome' in that they consist of purely horiz ontal layers.
As the layers get higher, each is slightly cantilevered, or corbeled, toward
the center until meeting at the top.
Crossed-Arch Domes
Rather than meeting in the center of the dome, the ribs characteristically intersect one another off-
center, forming an empty polygonal space in the center.
Geometry is a key element of the designs, with the octagon being perhaps the most popular shape
used.
Whether the arches are structural or purely decorative remains a matter of debate.
Geodesic Domes
A geodesic dome is a hemispherical thin-shell structure
(lattice- shel) based on a geodesic polyhedron. The triangular
elements of the dome are structurally rigid and distribute
the structural stress throughout the structure, making
geodesic domes able to withstand very heavy loads for their
size.
A geometric dome supports itself without needing internal
columns or interior load-bearing walls. This property makes
such structures appealing for use as churches, sports arenas,
and exhibition halls.
Geodesic domes are efficient structures in several ways. The
triangle is a very stable shape; for example, a force applied to
the corner of a rectangle can deform it into a parallelogram,
but the same force will not deform a triangle. This makes
geodesic dome buildings highly resistant to such forces as
snow covering s, earthquakes, wind, and even tornadoes.
Geodesic domes can be constructed quickly without heavy
equipment.
Onion Domes
These domes are characterised by the way they bulge out
beyond their base diameters and taper smoothly in an ogee (S-
curve) profile.
Their height usually exceeds their width and they are often
gilded or brightly painted.
These are tradition ally associated with Russian architecture, in
particular their multi-domed churches.
Oval Domes
An oval dome is a dome of oval shape in plan,
profile, or both.
Saucer Domes
A dome having the form of a segment of a sphere, with the
center well below the spring ing line; a shallow dome.
Umbrella Domes
These are a type of dome divided at the base into curved
segments, which follow the curve of the elevation.
The "ribs" of a dome are the radial lines of masonry that
extend from the crown down to the springing.
Advantages
High on visual impact and in most cases is both strong and durable.
Require less maintenance.
Having a dome shaped structure integrated with the foundation and floor, works to
strengthen the entire structure as a unit and, therefore, makes the dome highly resistant
to earthquake damage.
A sphere encloses the greatest volume for the least surface area.

Disadvantages
Requires skilled labour.
Requires more scaffolding
Dome requires more material, so, more volume, so it takes more time for heating and
cooling
THANK YOU