2nd ICAICT, 28-29 November 2020, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
IoT based Low-Cost Gas Leakage, Fire, and
2020 2nd International Conference on Advanced Information and Communication Technology (ICAICT) | 978-0-7381-2323-3/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICAICT51780.2020.9333530
Temperature Detection System with Call Facilities
Sourav Debnath Samin Ahmed
Electronics and Communication Electronics and Communication
Engineering Discipline, Engineering Discipline,
Khulna University, Bangladesh Khulna University, Bangladesh
souravdebnath727@yahoo.com 1997samin@gmail.com
Abdullah-Al Nahid
Electronics and Communication
Engineering Discipline,
Khulna University, Bangladesh
nahid.ece.ku@ku.ac.bd
Abstract—IoT (Internet of Things) is dominating all over the
world for developing technology. It is another information indus-
try following the computer, internet, and mobile connection. In
modern society, we must ensure security for leading a comfortable
life. Nowadays, security has been affected by different types of
matters. Gas leakage and fire incidents are considered among
them. At present, there are many undesirable accidents from
gas leakage and fire incidents. One way to prevent accidents
involving gas leakage and fire incident detection is to affix a gas
leakage and fire incident detection device at adequate places.
Indeed, when the gas leakage or fire incident occurs, then the
temperature can be increased naturally. Our proposed work, a
simple system using low-cost devices, has been designed to send
a phone call to the user via the GSM module in case of any gas
or smoke leakage. It also sends data to the alarm, alerting the
users and sending a graphical alert to the server via NodeMCU.
Besides, a temperature sensor also detects the temperature of that
hazardous situation at the same time and sends data to the web
server. We are using different algorithms to know the sensor’s
early predictions’ overall accuracy in real-life-critical situations
through the machine learning approach. This proposed work will
contribute if gas leaks or fires occur at home or in the industry,
then people can take the necessary precaution in advance.
Index Terms—Alarm system, LPG (Liquefied petroleum gas),
MQ-2 Sensor, IR Flame Sensor, DHT11 Temperature and hu-
midity sensor, Internet of Things(IoT), Mobile Phone call system,
NodeMCU(ESP2866), Machine Learning.
I. I NTRODUCTION
At the age of the 21st century, a revolutionary change has
been taken place in technology. Technology is developing,
and new technologies are being invented day by day. Internet
of Things (IoT) is a phenomenal technology in the present
and is a widely used technology in the present world. In the
21st century, safety is the first criteria while designing and
contracting residence, palaces, industries, along with cities.
Unfortunately, many people die every year in their homes or
industries or elsewhere due to gas cylinder explosions or fire
∗ Corresponding Author: Anupam Kumar Bairagi
978-0-7381-2323-3/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE 11
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Suprio Das
Electronics and Communication
Engineering Discipline,
Khulna University, Bangladesh
supriodas673@gmail.com
Anupam Kumar Bairagi∗
Computer Science and
Engineering Discipline,
Khulna University, Bangladesh
anupam@ku.ac.bd
outbreaks. These terrible accidents are occurring because of a
massive number of gas users who are not proficient in the use
of gas. Presently it becomes an emerging topic for technical,
economic, agricultural, etc. Natural gas pipeline leakage also
creates a fire that is a threat to humans. Sometimes viperous
gas leakage creates environmental pollution, which is danger-
ous for human beings and species. Moreover, fire accidents
have become a threat to human life. At present, cylinders and
chemical explosions are more responsible for fire accidents in
Bangladesh. Almost fifty people were injured, and ten people
died in a year for gas cylinder blast and fire occurrence [1]. In
the present time, fire accidents take appalling situations. New
technologies are now focusing more on those accidents and
working on how to diminish these accidents. Several systems
have been implemented for detecting gas leakage and fire
occurrence. All orders have some constraints, such as they
cannot use the money, space, and time efficiently. From this
perspective, our project has some advantages-
• A real-life helpful and cost-efficient sensible project
• Accurate info
• Less complex circuit
• No environmental impact or no impact of physical con-
ditions
The primary purpose of doing this work is to sense LPG gas
that is responsible for the fire and detect fire occurrence, and
also sense smoke flows out from the light. Sometimes when
gas leaks or fires occur, people don’t understand that situation,
but the temperature increases, which is harmful to human
health and the environment. Generally, when fire incidence
occurs at any place, the temperature of that place is about
70◦ -120◦ C concerning different distances (by preliminary in-
formation) that is relatively high than average temperature.
The proposed system uses an alarm and a Global System for
Mobile Communications (GSM) to aware of the gas leakage
and detection of fire and heat in favor of NodeMCU for
sending sensor reading data to the web server so that analytical TABLE I
results could be performed by taking observation readings for S UMMERY OF THE RELATED WORKS
making this project more candidness. By using IoT, people Reviewed Paper IoT Call Service Machine Learning
can be aware of the situation before any misadventure will [2] No No No
occur through a web server. Also, machine learning is used [3] No No No
[4] Yes No No
for predicting the accuracy of sensors’ best performance. [5] Yes No No
[6] No No No
[7] No No No
II. L ITERATURE R EVIEW
[8] No No No
[9] No No No
Tanvira Ismail et al. [2] discussed about GSM based gas [13] Yes No Yes
leakage warning system. Their idea was that when the MQ-
6 gas sensor detected gas in the atmosphere, a signal was
sent to the ADC unit of the microcontroller which then
Table I shows that all the literature we reviewed does not
sent an activation signal to other external devices connected
cover the IoT based gas or smoke and fire detection. None
to it such as a buzzer, GSM module, and exhaust fan. In
of them had a call system, which inspires us to develop our
another research, the vision was to prepare a gas monitoring
network. In our proposed method, we have mainly focused on
system and automatic cylinder booking for a home where
the calling system. We have tried to get accurate output and
they used the MQ-4 gas sensor to sense the gas leakage
have added call facilities and IoT, which effectively detect gas
and sent data to LCD monitor, buzzer, and authority’s mobile
or smoke leakage and fire occurrence.
phone through GSM module. A load cell was used for an
automatic cylinder booking system [3]. A system is designed III. BACKGROUND AND R ESEARCH M ETHODOLOGY
to detect the gas leakage and make a smart alert system
A. Block Diagram:
through email and message alert to the phone using the GSM
module [4]. Pavithraa.M et al. [5] discussed about IoT based
LPG gas booking and monitoring system. They used load
cell, IoT(Internet of Things), Global Posting System(GPS).
A. Mahalingam et al. [6] have discussed about design and
implementation of an economic gas leakage detector. Fraiwan
et al. [7] has used gas detection and transmission module, and
the receiver module as a wireless network in their system.
They made a special sensing circuit for detecting gas and
a threshold value was declared for gas concentration. If the
gas concentration exceeded that threshold value, the sensing
circuit detected it and made an alarm, and sent a signal to
Fig. 1. Overall working diagram of the proposed system.
the RF receiver. Faisal et al. [8] has established a system
where multiple gas sensors detect the leakage gas and sends Fig. 1 shows the overall working method diagram of the
a message to two different phone numbers and LCD monitor proposed system.
and makes an alarm. A system is proposed where fire sensor,
temperature and humidity sensor, and wireless senor network B. Logic Diagram:
have used for monitoring the fire detection node [9]. A system
is analyzed to establish a numerical formula for combustible
gas spread in housing and industrial area [10]. Chen et al. [11]
proposed a system where the smoke can be detected by video
processing created by fire. They used the chromatic decision
rule and dynamic decision rule in their method. Abdullah-Al
Nahid et al. [12] designed a simple system by which liquid
leakage in supply can be detected simply. That design is cost
effective and included both flow measurement, data storing and
monitoring. Salhi et al. [13] designed early detection system
for gas leakage and fire in smart home using machine learning.
They proposed a model where gas and fire were detect early
into centralized Machine-to-Machine method. They also data
mining method detect the abnormal air state changes. Asthana
et al.[14] proposed IoT device for sewage gas monitoring and Fig. 2. Gas, smoke and fire leakage detection processing steps.
alert system. The summary of the related works is presented
in Table 1. Fig. 2 shows a flowchart of the proposed system.

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 IV. R EQUIRED H ARDWARE
A. MQ-2 Gas and Smoke Sensor :
The MQ-2 sensor is very helpful for detecting gas leakage.
This sensor is used to detect Alkanes, LPG, Smoke, etc. Be-
cause it is exceptionally sensitive to them. For high sensitivity
and fast working processes, the measuring process is simply
completed by this sensor.
Fig. 3. Gas sensor.
B. IR Flame Sensor :
IR sensor is mainly sensitive to fire and ordinary light. It is
also called a flame detector. The sensor is mostly used to detect
the flame. It can detect the flame using infra-red radiation from
it. A flame sensor has an infra-red receiver that can catch infra-
red of a particular frequency found in flash. It can detect the
flame within the range of 60-degree angles.
Fig. 4. Flame sensor.
C. GSM SIM900A :
GSM module is a communication device between a com-
puter and a GSM modem. GSM module is a wireless module,
designed for mobile communication over the GSM network.
This module requires a SIM card to enable connection to
the system. Its highest supply voltage is 4.5 volt, and the
lowest supply voltage is 3.4 volt and is programmed by AT
commands.
Fig. 5. Sim900 GSM module.
D. NodeMCU (ESP8266) :
The full form of NodeMCU is Node MicroController Unit.
NodeMCU is a mini microcontroller. It has 30 pins containing
TXD, RXD with wifi chips. It has one analog pin and nine
digital pins. It works at 3.3-5 volt. It has a USB port used as
input. It is an open-source IoT platform.
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Fig. 6. NodeMCU(ESP8266).
E. Buzzer :
A buzzer is an audio signaling device. It can be me-
chanical, electromechanical, electronic, etc. A buzzer speaker
is basically a tiny speaker that can connect directly to a
microcontroller. By applying an electric signal at the right
frequency, it can make a sound.
F. DHT11 :
The DHT11 senses, measures, and reports both moisture and
air temperature. Using a capacitive humidity sensing element
and a thermistor, the sensor can determine the humidity and
temperature values. The humidity range is from 20 to 80%
with 5% accuracy, and the temperature range is from 0 to
500C with a 2-degree accuracy.
Fig. 7. DHT11 sensor.
V. S OLUTION A PPROACH
A. Hardware Design:
The schematic circuit diagram of the hardware gathering
of this project is shown in Fig. 8. NodeMCU and GSM
modules are the main part of this system. The system consists
of three sensors, namely MQ-2 gas and smoke sensor, IR
flame sensor, and DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor.
These three devices sense the gas levels, fire leakage, and
the neighborhood’s temperature where the method is installed.
Also, the buzzer, GSM module, is connected to the NodeMCU.
• When the MQ-2 sensor detects gas, it gives an analog
value which can be converted into digital value by using
ADC. The sensor readings data is then sent to NodeMCU.
• NodeMCU and GSM module maintain serial commu-
nication between them. The Tx and Rx pins of GSM
connected with the Rx and Tx pins of NodeMCU respec-
tively. By maintaining serial communication, the GSM
module creates a call to users phone when the gas detects
and makes alarm of that incident place.
• Similarly, the flame sensor detects fire at that place where
the fire occurs and then gives a graphical alert through
NodeMCU.
• The temperature sensor is used for measuring temperature
of that incident place. Generally, when fire occurs, the
temperature rises higher than the normal temperature.
Sometimes, if the flame sensor does not respond, then
 the temperature sensor graphical alert will also indicate
that the place is on fire.
• Thingspeak is an open-source IoT platform. It stores
data from things by using HTTP over the Internet. In
our proposed design, sensors reading send to the cloud
(Thingspeak.com) by using HTTP. The user can be alert
about fire incidents or how much gas leaks or rising
temperature to the surrounding environment by analyzing
graphs using MatLab.
Fig. 8. Circuit diagram.
Fig. 9. Prototype.
B. Software Design:
In this project, the software plays an important role. So,
an Arduino microcontroller code is used for this project.
The NodeMCU is programmed with the necessary code
to operate correctly. There is some complexity in code for
getting accurate information. A string API key is used for
connecting with the webserver. Isnan() function is also used.
AT function is used for making the phone call through GSM
module. Also, delay() functions are used to keep the program
running a fixed loop to get an accurate result.
VI. P ERFORM AND R ESULT A NALYSIS
At first, we are using a lighter in front of the gas sensor
for testing because, in the lighter, there is mainly propane
gas. At the trial version of our project, this step is working
successfully. At first, we try to do this project MQ-6. But it
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has some limitations because it senses only gas. It can not
sense smoke. When making the fire of anything at first spread
fume. So, at first, we detect fume, then we prevent it more
accessible than before. In this cause, we use the MQ-2 sensor.
Fig. 10. IoT based graph for sensing gas or fire leakage and detect
temperature.
Fig. 10(a) illustrates that the sensors reading graphical
response curve is shown to the webserver. The sensors reading
data transmit to the cloud now and then. When the gas does
not leak, the red line will flat. When the gas leaks, the red line
ups and downs, and it can be easy to understand gas leakage.
Fig. 10(b) shows that by observing the luminous curve, it can
be easy to understand fire intensification. Fig. 10(c) illustrates
the increment of temperature curve ups and downs. The curve
highest peak value is 100◦ C when the fire breaks out.
TABLE II
T HE TOTAL APPROXIMATE COST
Item Name Units Required Total Unit Price
MQ-2 Sensor 1 $1.76
IR Flame Sensor 1 $1.76
DHT11 Temperature Sensor 1 $1.76
Buzzer 1 $0.2
NodeMCU 1 $6
GSM Module 1 $9
Breadboard 1 $1.41
Total Amount $21.89
This system has been designed for small ranges. This system
can be extended by using multiple sensors. Though there are
some limitations to this prototype, it can detect the gas leakage
and fire occurrence and give the perfect output to the user’s
phone and web server. Thus, considering the material used,
which is available and the cost at only around $22, it performs
its task well, and it is easy to set up and can be easily used.
VII. M ACHINE L EARNING
Through machine learning, we tried to show how much the
sensors give accurate output or how much they can predict
in critical conditions. For this, we use a user-friendly machine
learning software called WEKA, which applied machine learn-
ing directly to the collected data sets. WEKA is a collection
of machine learning algorithms. It is a collection of built-in
classifiers that help predict bugs and other uncertain situations
depending on the given and classified data.
A. Sensors Dataset:
The sensors(MQ2 sensor, IR Flame sensor, DHT11 sensor)
experimental data shown in the Fig.11 is performed on the
prototype device. The data is more appropriate for further
development of this project.
C. Accuracy of IR Flame Sensor:
NaiveBayes is the popular algorithm in which is provided by
the software has given prediction results, which is 85.6953%.
Furthermore, different classification was applied. In SGD, the
prediction of accuracy result was 92.4658%. In IBK, the
accuracy result was 75%. In RandomTree, the prediction of
accuracy result was 85.6392%.

Fig. 11. Graphical Representation of Sensors Dataset.

Fig. 13. Output of Different types of Classification Algorithm for IR Flame
We collected sensors reading data from the webserver for sensor.
different distances. Then those data were inserted separately
into WEKA. There are 2 attributes for each sensors reading D. Accuracy of DHT11 Sensor:
data-sheet called Distance and Output results of each sensor
In NaiveBayes, the prediction of accuracy was 81.25%. In
at different distances. The characteristics prefer the judgment
SimpleLogic, the prediction of accuracy result was 87.5%. In
of output with the point of view of the classifier algorithm and
J48, the accuracy result was 87.5%. In SGD, the prediction of
develop the models immediately.
accuracy result was 93.75%.
B. Accuracy of MQ2 Sensor:
Different types of well known and popular classification
algorithms were applied to find the best accuracy or output
prediction of the sensor in critical situations for different
distances. In multilayerPerceptron, the prediction of accuracy
result was 91.6667%. In NaiveBayes, the result was 83.333%.
In NaiveBayesMultinomial, the result was 75%. In SimpleL-
ogistic, the result was 83.333%.

Fig. 14. Output of Different types of Classification Algorithm for DHT11

sensor.

Fig. 12. Output of Different types of Classification Algorithm for MQ2 sensor.
E. Accuracy Classification:
From the data obtained, it can be inferred that if the different
algorithm is applied separately, the sensor’s best accuracy will
be achieved in critical conditions. For the MQ2 sensor, the best
prediction ability or sensing accuracy is found by using the
multilayerPerceptron algorithm(91.6667%). Similarly, the IR
Flame sensor and DHT11 sensor, the best accuracy found in

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the SGD algorithm (92.4658% & 93.75%). The overall average
accuracy is 92.6275% by taking the best accuracy results in
different algorithms. This result provides that the system is
able to detect a dangerous or critical situation.
Fig. 15. Best sensors performance pie chart according to different algorithm.
Although Naivebayes is the most common and widely
used AI algorithm. In the Naivebayes algorithm, the overall
accuracy is 83.4261%, which indicates that the system gives
almost perfect and reliable output, and the system is working
correctly.
Fig. 16. Sensors accuracy prediction of Naivebayes Algorithm.
VIII. C ONCLUSION
This research’s main objective is to build a low-cost and
straightforward system that can be operated at three modes:
gas and fire leakage detection mode and temperature detection
mode. In many research papers, it almost uses the message
alert system. When the gas, smoke, or fire leaks, it will send a
message alert to the user phone. But we use a call alert system,
which gives some advantages to users. Moreover, we deployed
a system with different sensors. Overall it is user friendly and
low cost. Besides, it doesn’t give not only the call alert but
also a graphical alert on the webserver. In previous works, the
raspberry pi uses for getting the accurate output[13]. We tried
to do it by NodeMCU and applied machine learning to get
sensors’ accuracy or prediction ability in critical situations.
Future work of this research will include data analytics that
will apply to the cloud side to improve the system’s services
and accuracy. Also, use multiple gases and fire sensor for
detecting gas and fire leakage in industries and prepare a
database for gathering sensors output. Besides, somebody will
develop it for calling or messaging multiple users by creating a
database in the future. GSM data will be stored in the database
and transmit to multiple users. Furthermore, a gas and fire
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sensing robot can be constructed to sense gas leakage through
pipelines.
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