Instructional Materials in

MATH 20043

CALCULUS 1
 For the sole noncommercial use of the
Faculty of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
2020

Contributors:

Costales, Jeffrey A.
Poloyapoy, Oscar L.
Diona, Myrna G.
Torres, Aureluz L.
Macariola, Gemma B.
Isaac, Emelita A.

2
 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Department of Mathematics and Statistics

Course Title : CALCULUS 1

Course Code : MATH 20043

Course Credit : 3 units

Pre-Requisite : PRE – CALCULUS MATHEMATICS (ALGEBRA,

TRIGONOMETRY AND GEOMETRY), BASIC
CALCULUS (STEM)

Course Description :

The course deals with introductory calculus concepts like the limits of algebraic and
transcendental functions and their derivatives and integrals. The course also explores important
techniques and rules in differentiation like the use of Chain Rule and implicit differentiation. The
techniques to be learned will be used to solve problems in the engineering and sciences where
rates of change are involved like optimization problems, related rates and rectilinear motion.
The course will also introduce the idea of antidifferentiation and interpret the definite integral as
the area under a curve.

COURSE LEARNING PLAN

Week Dates Topics and Subtopics

I. Limits and Continuity

Limits
Week 1 9/14 – 9/20
1. Limits of a Function
2. Evaluation of Limits

Continuity
9/21 – 9/27
Week 2
1. Continuity of a Function (Piecewise Function)

II. Derivatives and Differentiation

1. Derivative of a Function by Definition / Increment Method

2. Derivative of a Function by Formula / Rules for Differentiation
Week 3-6 9/28 – 10/25 3. Higher Derivatives
4. Implicit Differentiation
5. Differentiation of Chain Rule, Inverse and Parametric Functions

3
 III. Derivatives of Transcendental Functions

1. Derivative of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Week 7-9 10/26 – 11/15 2. Derivative of Trigonometric Functions
3. Derivative of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

IV. Partial Differentiation / Derivatives

1. First Order Partial Derivatives and Total Differential

Week 10-
11/16 – 11/29
11
2. Higher Order Partial Derivatives

V. Applications of Derivative

1. The Derivatives as a Rate of Change

Week 12-14 12/1 – 12/20 2. Maxima and Minima
3. Related Rates

FINAL ASSESSMENT

COURSE GRADING SYSTEM

The final grade will be based on the weighted average of the student’s scores on each
test assigned at the end of each lesson. The final SIS grade equivalent will be based on
the following table according to the approved University Student Handbook.

Class Standing (CS) = (Weighted Average of all the Chapter/Unit Tests 2) + 50%
Midterm and/or Final Exam (MFE) = (Weighted Average of the Midterm and/or Final
Tests 2) + 50%

Final Grade = (70% x CS) + (30% x MFE)

SIS Grade Percentage/Equivalent Description

1.00 97.00 - 100 Excellent
1.25 94.00-96.99 Excellent
1.50 91.00-93.99 Very Good
1.75 88.00-90.99 Very Good
2.00 85.00-87.99 Good
2.25 82.00-84.99 Good
2.50 79.00-81.99 Satisfactory
2.75 77.00-78.99 Satisfactory

4
 3.00 75.00-76.99 Passing
5.00 65.00-74.99 Failure
Inc Incomplete
W Withdrawn
Final grades are rounded off to 2 decimal places.

Reference Materials:

[1] Ayres, Frank Jr., Mendelson, Elliot (1999). Schaum’s Outline Calculus

[2] Berkey, Dennis D. (1990). Calculus for Management, Social and Life Sciences

[3] Feliciano and Uy (1983). Differential and Integral Calculus

[4] Leithold, Louis (1996). The Calculus 7

[5] Love and Rainville (1999). Differential and Integral Calculus

[6] Peterson, Thurman S. (1960). Calculus with Analytic Geometry

Prepared by: Noted by:

Committee on Course Syllabus for Calculus 1, Edcon B. Baccay

Engineering Group Chairperson
Faculty, Department of Mathematics Department of Mathematics and
and Statistics Statistics

Approved by:

Dr. Lincoln A. Bautista

Dean, College of Science

Dr. Emanuel C. de Guzman

Vice President for Academic Affairs

5
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Limits & Continuity 7

1.1 Limit of a Function ……………………………………………….... 7
1.2 Evaluation of Limits ……………………………………………….. 7
1.3 Continuity of a Function …………………………………………... 10
Chapter / Unit Test No. 1 …………………………………………. 12

Chapter 2: Derivative and Differentiation 13

2.1 Derivative of a Function by Definition…..……………………..…. 13
2.2 Derivative of a Function by Formula ……..……………………… 15
2.3 Higher Derivatives …………………………………………………. 17
2.4 Implicit Differentiation ………………………………………………. 19
2.5 Differentiation of Chain Rule, Inverse & Parametric Functions… 20
Chapter / Unit Test No. 2…………………………………………. 22

Chapter 3: Differentiation of Transcendental Functions 23

3.1 Derivative of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions .………... 24
3.2 Derivative of Trigonometric Functions .……………………….… 25
3.3 Derivative of Inverse Trigonometric Functions .…………...…… 26
Chapter / Unit Test No. 3………………………………………….. 28

Chapter 4: Partial Differentiation / Derivative 29

4.1 First Order Partial Derivatives and Total Differential .………….. 29
4.2 Higher Order Partial Derivatives ………………………………….. 30
Chapter / Unit Test No. 4…………………………………………... 31

Chapter 5: Applications of Derivative 32

5.1 The Derivatives as a Rate of Change ………………...………….. 32
5.2 Maxima and Minima ……………….……………………………….. 35
5.3 Related Rates ………………………………………………………. 40
Chapter / Unit Test No. 5…………………………………………... 43
Final Assessment / Examination ……………………………..…... 44

6
 CHAPTER 1
LIMITS & CONTINUITY

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

1. evaluate the limit of function;

2. define continuity of a function
3. distinguish between continuous and discontinuous functions;
4. describe graphs of continuous and discontinuous functions.

1.1 Limit of a Functions

Definition:
The limit of f of x as x approaches to a is L, we write lim f(x) = L , if and only if "e > 0 ,
x ®a

$d > 0 such that f(x) - L < e whenever 0 < x - a < d .

https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/Classes/CalcI/DefnOfLimit.aspx

1.2 Evaluation of Limits

Given lim f(x) = L . The limits of the functions f(x) as x approaches or closes to a is equal to
x ®a

L can be obtained by straight or direct substitution of the variable x by a in the given

function f(x).

Or equivalently, lim f(x) = f(a) . Thus, f(a) = L.

x ®a

7
 Indeterminate Forms (without derivatives)

Let the function defined by

P(x)
f(x) = , where Q(x) ¹ 0
Q(x)

Suppose at x = a, P(a) = Q(a) = 0

P(a) 0
Hence, f(a) = =
Q(a) 0
0
We say that at x = a, the function f(x) assumes the indeterminate form . Other
0
¥
indeterminate forms are , 0 • (± ¥ ) , ¥ - ¥ , o o , 1¥ and ¥ ¥ .
¥

Infinite Limits

Let f(x) be any given function and if the given function f(x) becomes large, we write,
lim f(x) = ¥ (read as infinity) we say that the limit does not exist or there is no limit or
x ®a

infinite limits.

Limits at Infinity

A function f(x) may have a finite limit even when the independent variable, say x,
becomes large or infinite. In symbols, x ® ¥ .

1
Consider, f(x) = , then the function f(x) has a finite limit(approaches to zero).
x
1 1
Or equivalently, lim = 0. In general, lim n = 0 where n is any positive integer.
x ®¥ x x ® ¥ x

Example: Evaluate the following limits:

A. 1. lim(6x 4 - 3 x 5 + 4 x 2 - 5)
x ®1

4x 3 - 3x 2 + 2x + 7
2. lim
x ®2 x 4 + 5x 2 - 2
2 x 2 + 9x - 18
B. 1. lim
x ® -6 x +6
x3 - 8
2. lim
x ®2 x - 2

8
 x3 - x2 - x - 2
3. lim
x ®2 2 x 3 - 5 x 2 + 5 x - 6

x-2
4. lim
x ®2
x2 - 4

k+y - k
5. lim
y ®0 y
3 x 6 - 15x 4 + 12 x 2 - 3 x + 1
C. 1. lim
x ®¥ 5 x 7 - x 6 + 4 x 3 + 2 x 2 - 11

6x 9 - 14 x 6 + 8 x 5 - 5x 4 + 7x 2
2. lim
x ®¥ 12 x 9 - 17x 7 + 12 x 6 + 4 x 3 - 2

Activity / Exercise No. 1

LIMITS

I. Evaluate the following limits:

A.
1. lim(7x 4 - x 5 + 15x 2 - 11)
x ® -1

5x 3 + 6x 2 - 11
2. lim
x ® -2 2x 4 - 3x 3 - x + 16

B.
x 2 -1
1. lim
x ®1 x 2 + 3 x - 4

x 3 - 27
2. lim 2
x ®3 x - 9

x 3 - 13 x + 12
3. lim 3
x ®3 x - 14 x + 15

x-2
4. lim 2
x ®2 x - 4

y -1
5. lim
y ®1
y2 + 3 - 2

C.
6x 8 - 12 x 5 + 13 x 3 - 5x + 7
1. lim
x ®¥ 14 x 7 - 13 x 4 + 11x 3 + 4 x 2 - 6

15x 8 - 13 x 7 + 9x 6 - 5x 3 + 4
2. lim
x ®¥ 13 x 8 - 6 x 5 + 4 x 3 + 12 x 2 - 2 x

9
1.3 Continuity of a Function (Piecewise Function)

Definition:

The function f is said to be continuous at a number a if and only if the following three
conditions are satisfied:
i) f(a) exists.
ii) lim f(x) exists.
x®a

That is the Left Hand Limit (LHL) is equal to Right Hand Limit (RHL) and both exist.
Or equivalently, lim f(x) = lim f(x)and both exist.
- +
x ®a x ®a

iii) lim f(x) = f(a)

x ®a

If one of the three conditions fails, then the function is discontinuous at a.

Removable and Essential Discontinuity

Suppose that f is a function that is discontinuous at a number a, but for which

lim f(x)exists then either f(a) ¹ lim f(x)or else f(a) does not exist. Such discontinuity is called a
x®a x®a

removable discontinuity. If f is redefined at a such that f(a)= lim f(x) , then the new function
x®a

becomes continuous at a. If the discontinuity is not removable it is called essential

discontinuity.

Illustration:
f(a) ¹ lim f(x)
x®a

Removable lim f(x) exists

x®a
Discontinuity
f(a) does not
exist
lim f(x) does
Essential x®a

Discontinuity not exists

10
 Continuity versus Removable & Essential Discontinuity

Conditions i ii iii

1. Continuity √ √ √
√ √ x
2. Removable Discontinuity
x √ x
√ x x
3. Essential Discontinuity
x x x

Example:

I. Draw a sketch of the graph and determine whether the following function is
continuous or not. If it is discontinuous, classify it as removable or essential.
ìx 2 if x £ 2
1. f (x ) = í
î8 - 2x if 2 < x

ì2 x if x £ 10
2. f (x ) = í
î1.7x if x > 10

ì2 x + 7 if x ¹ -1
3. f (x ) = í
î3 if x = -1

II. Find the values of the constants a and b that make the function f continuous on
(-∞ ,+∞) or the function f continuous everywhere.
ìx 2 if x £ -2
ï
1. f(x ) = íax + b if - 2 < x < 2
ï2 x - b if 2 £ x
î

Activity / Exercise No. 2

CONTINUITY

I. Draw a sketch of the graph and determine whether the following function is continuous or
not. If it is discontinuous, classify it as removable or essential.

ìx + 2 if x £ -4
1. f(x ) = í
î- x - 6 if - 4 < x

ì2 x 2 - 3 if x £ 2
2. f (x ) = í
î8 x - 11 if 2 < x

11
 ⎪⎧ x 2 - 4 if x ≤ 2
3. f x = ⎨ () ⎪⎩ x if 2 < x
II. Find the values of the constants a and b that make the function f continuous on (-∞ , + ∞ )
or the function f continuous everywhere.

ìx if x £ 1
ï
1. f(x ) = íax + b if 1 < x < 4
ï- 2 x if 4 £ x
î

CHAPTER / UNIT TEST NO. 1

Topics: Limits and Continuity

DIRECTIONS: Solve the following problems. Show your solution in ink and as neatly as
possible in short bond paper.

I. Evaluate the limits of the following: ( 5 Points each )

1. lim
(x + 3)(2x - 1)
x 2 + 3x - 2
x ® -1

2x 4 - 3x 2 + 4
2. lim 4
x ®¥ 6x + 5x 3 - 4x

8 - x3
3. lim 2
x ®2 x - 2x

4+h - 2
4. lim
h®0 h
II. Draw a sketch of the graph and determine whether the following function is
continuous or not. If it is discontinuous, classify it as removable or essential. ( 15
Points each )
ìx 2 - 4 if x < 2
ï
1. f (x ) = í4 if x = 2
ï4 - x 2 if 2 < x
î
⎧⎪9 − x 2 if x ≤ 2
()
2. f x = ⎨
⎩⎪3x + 2 if 2 < x
III. Find the values of the constants a and b that make the function f continuous on
( – ∞ , + ∞ ). ( 10 Points )
ì3x + 6a if x < -3
ï
1. f (x ) = í3ax - 7b if - 3 £ x £ 3
ïx - 12b if 3 < x
î

12
 CHAPTER 2
DERIVATIVE AND DIFFERENTIATION

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

1. use the definition and formula to get the derivative of a function;

2. find the derivatives of algebraic functions using different kinds of techniques such as
explicit and implicit differentiation, chain rule, inverse and parametric function;
3. solve the slope, equations of tangents and normal of the curves.

2.1 Derivative of a Function by Definition / Increment Method

Definition:
The derivative of a function f given by y = f(x) with respect to x at any x in its domain is
given by
dy Dy f(x + Dx) - f(x)
= lim = lim provided that the limit exists.
dx Dx ®0 Dx Dx ®0 Dx
Other symbols for derivatives:
d d
yI Dx y (y) f I (x) f(x)
dx dx

Illustration:
y1 = f(x1) P1(x 1 , y1)

y = f (x )
P(x , y )

Dx
x 1 = x + Dx

Consider the P(x, y) be a fixed point and take another point say P1(x 1, y1) . Draw a secant line

from P(x, y) to P1(x 1, y1) . Hence, the slope of the secant line is equal to

Dy y1 - y
m PP1 = = ( ) ()
but y1 = f x 1 , y = f x & x 1 = x + Dx
Dx x 1 - x

f(x 1 ) - f(x ) f(x + Dx ) - f(x )

= =
x + Dx - x Dx

13
but as Dx approaches to 0, P1 approaches P along the curve. So, the secant line P to P1
approaches a limit. Thus, the limit is defined as slope of the tangent line at a point P(x, y) and
also called as the derivative of y with respect to x. That is,

f(x + Dx) - f(x) dy

m PP1 = lim =
Dx ®0 Dx dx

The 4 – Step Rule in finding the derivative of a function

A. If f(x) = a function of x

1. Replace x with (x + Dx) and f(x) with f(x + Dx) in the given equation.
2. Subtract f(x) from f(x + Dx) and the value of f(x) {or the given equation} in the other side
of the equation.
3. Divide both sides of the equation by Dx .
4. Take the limit as Dx approaches to 0.

B. If y = f(x)

1. Replace y by y + Dy and x by x + Dx .
2. Subtract y from y + Dy and the value of y {or the given equation} in the other side of the
equation.
3. Divide both sides of the equation by Dx .
4. Take the limit as Dx approaches to 0.

Example:

I. Find the derivative of the given function using increment method / by definition.

1. f(x) = 7x - 3
2. f(x) = 6x 2 - 3 x + 7
3
3. f(x) =
x2
3x + 2
4. y =
4x - 7
5. f(x) = x
1
6. y =
2x + 3

14
 Activity / Exercise No. 3
INCREMENT METHOD / DERIVATIVES BY DEFINITION

I. Find the derivative of the given function using increment method / by definition.

1. f(x) = -11x + 13
2. f(x) = 8 x 2 + 5x - 6
-4
3. f(x) =
x3
4x - 5
4. y =
7x + 9

5. f(x) = 3 x
1
6. y =
3x - 7

2.2 Derivative of a Function by Formula / Rules for Differentiation

1. The Constant Rule

d
(c) = 0
dx
2. The Identity Function Rule
d
(x) = 1
dx
3. The Constant & a Function Rule
d du
(cu) = c
dx dx
4. The Sum / Difference Rule
d du dv
(u + v) = + or d(u + v) = du + dv
dx dx dx
d du dv
(u - v) = - or d(u - v) = du - dv
dx dx dx
5. The Product Rule
d dv du
(uv) = u +v or d(uv) = udv + vdu
dx dx dx
6. The Quotient Rule
du dv
v -u
d æuö dx dx æ u ö vdu - udv
ç ÷= or dç ÷ =
dx è v ø v 2
èvø v2
7. The Power Rule / Formula
d n du
(u ) = nun-1 or d(un ) = nun-1du
dx dx

15
Example:

I. Find the first derivative of the given function using rules for differentiation or by the
formula.
1. f(x) = 7x - 3
2. f(x) = 6x 2 - 3 x + 7
3
3. f(x) =
x2
3x + 2
4. y =
4x - 7
5. f(x) = x
1
6. y =
2x + 3
3
7. f(x) = 3 x - 54 x 3 + 135 x 2 -
3
x2
8. y = (2 x + 3)(3 x - 7)
9. y = (3 x 2 - 4)2 (5x 3 - 7)3
x +2
10. y =
x -2
II. Find the equation of the tangent and the normal line to the graph of the given function
at the given point.

1. y = 5x 4 - 3 x 3 + 2 x - 1 ; (1, 3)
2
2. y = x x-2 ; (2, 0)

( )(
2
3. y = 2 x 2 - 1 3 x 3 - 2 x + 3 )
3
; (–1, 8)

Activity / Exercise No. 4

DERIVATIVES BY THE FORMULA

I. Find the first derivative of the given function using rules for differentiation or by the
formula.
1. f(x) = -11x + 13
2. f(x) = 8 x 2 + 5x - 6
-4
3. f(x) =
x3
4x - 5
4. y =
7x + 9
5. f(x) = 3 x

16
 1
6. y =
3x - 7
5
7. f(x) = 5 x - 75 x 4 + 125 x 3 -
6
x5
8. y = (4 x - 5)(6x + 7)
9. y = (5x 2 - 7)3 (5x 4 + 6)2
3
x -7
10. y =
3
x +7

II. Find the equation of the tangent and the normal line to the graph of the given function at
the given point.

1. y = 6x 5 - 4 x 4 + 3 x 2 - 7 ; (–1, –14 )
2. y = 3 x 2 2 x - 1 ; (1, 3)

(
3. y = 5x 2 + 2 ) (4x
3 3
)
2
- 3 x 2 + 1 ; (0, 8)

2.3 Higher Derivatives

Let y = f(x) be a differentiable function of x and let its derivative be called the first
derivative of the function. Suppose we will continue the process that is we will differentiate the
first derivative, its derivative is called second derivative. And so, the derivative of the second
derivative is called the third derivative. And so on. These resulting derivatives are referred as
Higher Derivatives.
Symbolically we have,

Derivatives Process Other Symbols Other Name

d dy
First (y) = yI y prime
dx dx
d æ dy ö d 2 y
Second ç ÷= y II y double prime
dx è dx ø dx 2
d æ d2 y ö d3 y
Third ç ÷= y III y triple prime
dx çè dx 2 ÷ø dx 3
d æ d3 y ö d4 y y to the 4th
Fourth ç ÷= y (4 )
dx çè dx 3 ÷ø dx 4 derivative

! ! ! !
d æ d y ö dn y
n-1
y to the nth
Nth ç ÷= y(n)
dx çè dx n-1 ÷ø dx n derivative

17
Note: (1) If y = xn where n is any positive integer then y(n) = n!
(2) If the required derivative is the same as the highest exponent (degree) of the
given polynomial then the resulting derivative is the numerical coefficient of
the polynomial of the highest exponent multiply by n!.
(3) If the required derivative is greater than the highest exponent (degree) of the
given polynomial then the resulting derivative is 0.

Example: Find the indicated derivative of the given function.

1. y = 3 x 5 - 2 x 4 + 6 x 2 - 5 x + 7 ; y (4 )
4
2. f(x) = 2 x + 155 x 2 - ; f III (x)
4 3
x
x
3. y= ; y II
2x + 1
x
4. y= ; y II
x +1
5. f(x) = (x + 1)2 (2 - x)3 ; f II (x)

Activity / Exercise No. 5

HIGHER DERIVATIVES

I. Find the indicated derivative of the given function.

1. y = 4 x 6 + 3 x 5 - 7x 3 - 5x 2 + 11; y (4)
5
2. f(x) = 3 x + 273 x 2 + ; f III (x)
5 3
x
3x + 1
3. y = ; y II
4x - 7
2x
4. y = ; y II
3x - 1
5. f(x) = (2 x + 1)3 (3 - 2 x)2 ; f II (x)

18
2.4 Implicit Differentiation

In the previous discussion, the equation y = f(x) is defined explicitly in terms of x or y

is said to be an explicit function of x.
For example,

x
y = 5x 4 - 3 x 3 + 2 x - 1 y = (5x 2 - 7)3 (5x 4 + 6)2 y=
4-x
But not all functions are defined explicitly and it is not easily solved for y in terms of x nor
x in terms of y. Such function is defined implicitly.
An implicit function between x and y is defined as F(x, y) = c, where c is any constant,
in which the dependent variable y is not written explicitly in terms of the independent variable x.
For example,

x 2 - xy + y 2 = 7 x 2 + y 2 - 2 xy = 0 x + y =a
Let F(x, y) = c, where c is any constant, then we can get the derivative of F(x, y) = c by
implicit differentiation.
Finding yI or dy/dx of an implicit function:

1. Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to x.

dy
2. Solve for or yI algebraically.
dx
Example:
I. Find the indicative derivative of the following:
1. x 2 + y 2 - 2 xy = 0 ; y I
2. x + y = a ; y I
3. x 2 - xy + y 2 = 7 ; y II
II. Find the slope of the curve to the graph x 3 - 3 xy 2 + 2 xy = 0 at (1, 1).

Activity / Exercise No. 6

IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

I. Find the indicative derivative of the following:

1. x + y 3 = 7 ; y I
3

2. x 2 - 2 xy + y 2 - 6x + 2y = 0 ; yI
3. x 2 + y 2 = a 3 ; y II

II. Do as indicated.
1. Find the slope of the curve to the graph x 3 + 2 x 2 y 2 - 2 xy 3 = 3 at (–1, 1).

19
2.5 Differentiation of Chain Rule, Inverse and Parametric Functions

Chain Rule
If y is a differentiable function of u defined by y = f(u) and if u is a differentiable function
of x defined by u = g(x), then y is a differentiable function of x.
Or equivalently, if y = f(u) and u = g(x) then the derivative of y with respect to x is equal
to the product of derivative of y with respect to u and the derivative of u with respect to x .
dy dy du
That is, = •
dx du dx

Inverse Function Rule

If x is a differentiable function of y given by x = f(y) then its inverse function given by y =
f(x) where y is differentiable function of x.
Or equivalently, if x = f(y) then the derivative of y with respect to x is equal to the inverse
or reciprocal of derivative of x with respect to y. That is,
dy 1 dx
= , where ¹0
dx dx dy
dy

Parametric Function Rule

If y is a differentiable function of u defined by y = f(u) and if x is a differentiable function
of u defined by x = g(u) or both x & y are differentiable function of u, then y is a differentiable
function of x.
Or equivalently, if y = f(u) and x = g(u) then the derivative of y with respect to x is equal
to the quotient of derivative of y with respect to u and the derivative of x with respect to u .
dy
dy du dx
That is, = , where ¹0
dx dx du
du

dy
Example: I. Find of the following function:
dx
1. y = 2u2 + 3u ; u = 3x + 5
2. y = 2 u; u=2 x
5 4 2
3. x = 5y - 4 y + 2 y + 7

20
 5
æ 3y - 1 ö
4. x = çç ÷÷
è 4y + 5 ø
5. x = 3 + 2t 2 , y = 3t - 7

t2 t3
6. x = , y=
2 + t4 2 + t4

1
II. Find the equation of the tangent to x = t and y = t - at t = 4.
t

Activity / Exercise No. 7

DIFFERENTIATION OF CHAIN RULE, INVERSE AND PARAMETRIC FUNCTIONS

dy
I. Find of the following function:
dx
1. y = 5u3 ; u = 7x 4 - 4 x 3 + 2 x - 9
u2 + 1
2. y= ; u = 3 x2 +1
u2 - 1
3. x = 7y 7 - 3 y 3 + y + 8
4. x = y +4 y
5. x = 4t - 7t 3 , y = 2t 2 - 5
t t2
6. x= , y =
(
2 + t3 )2
(
2 + t3
2
)
II. Do as indicated.
1. Find the slope of the curve x = y2 – 2y at the points where it crosses the y – axis.

21
 CHAPTER / UNIT TEST NO. 2

Topic: Derivatives and Differentiation

DIRECTIONS: Solve the following problems. Show your solution in ink and as neatly as
possible in short bond paper.

I. Find the first derivative of the given function by

a. definition or increment method. ( 10 Points each )
b. formula or rules for differentiation ( 5 Points each )

1. y = 2x + 1
II. Find the first derivative of y with respect to x (yI) of the given function using rules
for differentiation or by the formula. ( 5 Points each )

4
æ 2x - 3 ö
1. y = ç ÷
è 5x + 1 ø

2. x 2 y - xy 2 + x 2 + y 2 = 0

u2 - 1 3
3. y = ; u= x2 + 2
u2 + 1

III. Do as indicated. ( 10 Points each )

7 4
1. f(x) = 6 3 x 2 - 20 5 x 4 + +6 , find f (4) (x).
7
x 5
x
2. x2 – xy + y2 = 3, find yII.

3. Find the equation of the tangent to the graph y = x x - 1 at ( 5, 10).

22
 CHAPTER 3
DERIVATIVES OF TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

1. apply the identities of trigonometric functions and properties of logarithmic functions;

2. use the derivative formula to find the derivative of transcendental functions.

PRELIMINARIES

I. Fundamental or Basic Identities

A. Reciprocal Identities
1 1 1
csc θ = sec θ = cot θ =
sin θ cos θ tan θ
B. Quotient Identities
sin θ cos θ
tan θ = cot θ =
cos θ sin θ
C. Pythagorean Identities
sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1 tan2 θ + 1= sec 2 θ cot 2 θ + 1= csc 2 θ

II. Identities for Negatives

sin(−θ) = − sinθ cos(−θ) = cosθ tan(−θ) = −tanθ

III. Co - function Identities

0
sin(90 ± θ) = cos θ sin(θ ± 90 0 ) = ± cos θ
cos(90 0 ± θ) = ! sin θ cos(θ ± 90 0 ) = ! sin θ

IV. Sum and Difference Identities

tan α ± tanβ
sin(α ± β) = sin α cos β ± cos α sin β tan(α ± B) =
1! tan α tanβ
cos(α ± β) = cos α cos β ! sin α sin β

V. Double - Angle Identities

sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ
cos2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ = 1− 2 sin2 θ = 2cos2 θ −1
2tanθ
tan2θ =
1- tan2θ
1- cos2θ 1+ cos2θ
sin2θ = cos 2 θ =
2 2

23
 VI. Half - Angle Identities
1 1- cos q 1 1+ cos q
sin q = ± cos q = ±
2 2 2 2

1 1- cos q sin q 1- cos q

tan q = ± = =
2 1+ cos q 1+ cos q sin q

VII. Properties of Logarithmic Functions

1. lna + lnb = lnab 3. lnab = b lna

a
2. lna − lnb = ln
b

3.1 Derivative of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

1.
d
dx
(ln u) = 1 • du
u dx
3.
d u
dx
e = eu
du
dx
( )
2.
d u
dx
( )
a = au ln a
du
dx

Example:

dy
I. Find of the following function:
dx
1. y = ln b 2 - x 2
1
2. y = (7 - 3e -5 x )5
æ 1
x ö
3. y = lnç 8 - e 2 ÷
ç ÷
è ø
-2 x 3
4. y=5
5. y = x 2 e2 x
6. x lny + y lnx = c

II. Do as indicated.
1. Given y = c1e x + c 2 e - x , show that y II - y = 0 .
2. Given y = c1e x + c 2 xe x , show that y II - 2y I + y = 0 .

24
 Activity / Exercise No. 8
DIFFERENTIATION OF EXPONENTIAL & LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

dy
I. Find of the following function:
dx
1- x 2
1. y = 4 ln
1+ x 2
2. y = 6 - 5e -6 x + 19

3. y = e -3 x ln x
4. y = 5 -2 x x 2
5. y = x 3 e-3 x
6. y lnx – x lny = 1

II. Do as indicated.
1. Given y = c1e 2 x + c 2 e 3 x , show that y II - 5y I + 6y = 0 .
2. Given y = c1e -2 x + c 2 xe -2 x , show that y II + 4y I + 4y = 0

3.2 Derivative of Trigonometric Functions

d
1. (sin u) = cos u du 4.
d
(sec u) = sec u tan u du
dx dx dx dx
d
2. (cos u) = - sin u du 5.
d
(csc u) = - csc u cot u du
dx dx dx dx
d
3. (tan u) = sec 2 u du 6.
d
(cot u) = - csc 2 u du
dx dx dx dx

Example:
dy
I. Find of the following function:
dx
1 1
1. y = x - sin 2 x
2 4
2. y = sin 2 x + cos 2 x
3. y = cos (x - 2 )sin (x + 2 )
4. y = csc 3 3 x - 3 csc 3 x
3 x x x
5. y= tan5 - tan3 + 3 tan - x
5 3 3 3
6. y = 3 sec 3 2 x tan 2 2 x + 4 x cot 2 3 x

25
7. y = ln cos x
8. y = ln cose x
1- sinx
9. y = ln
1+ sinx
x y
10. cos =
y x
II. Given y = c1 sin bx + c 2 cos bx , where b is a parameter not to be eliminated, show that
y II + b 2 y = 0 .

Activity / Exercise No. 9

DIFFERENTIATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
dy
I. Find of the following function:
dx
1
1. y = sin 2 2 x + cos 4 x
2
2. y = sec 2 x - tan 2 x
cos x
3. y=
1+ sin x
4. y = sec 3 4 x - 3 sec 4 x
3 x x x
5. y = - cot 5 + cot 3 - 3cot - x
5 3 3 3
6. y = 3 csc 3 3 x cot 2 3 x - 2 x 2 tan 2 2 x
7. y = - ln sin x
8. y = ln sine- x
1- cosx
9. y = ln
1+ cosx
x y
10. sin =
y x
II. Given y = c1e x sin x + c 2 e x cos x , show that y II - 2y I + 2y = 0 .

3.3 Derivative of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

d
1. (arcsin u) = 1 2 du 4.
d
(arc cot u) = - 1 2 du
dx 1- u dx dx 1+ u dx
d
2. (arccos u) = - 1 2 du 5.
d
(arc sec u) = 12 du
dx 1- u dx dx u u - 1 dx
d
3. (arctan u) = 1 2 du 6.
d
(arc csc u) = - 12 du
dx 1+ u dx dx u u - 1 dx

26
 dy
Example: Find of the following function:
dx

1. y = 1- x 2 + x arcsin x
x b
2. y = arctan + arctan
b x
x x
3. y= - arcsin
2
b -x 2 b
x +a
4. y = arc cot
1- ax
x y
5. arcsin + arccos = 1
y x

Activity / Exercise No. 10

DIFFERENTIATION OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

dy
I. Find of the following function:
dx
1
1. y = 1- x 2 + x arc csc
x
2+x
2. y = arctan + arc cot x
1- 2 x
3. y = -2 x + x arcsin 2 x + 2 1- x 2 arcsin x
æ x 2 - b2 ö
4. y = x 2 - b 2 + b arc cotç ÷
ç b ÷
è ø
x
5. arc cot = y - x
y

27
 CHAPTER / UNIT TEST NO. 3

Topic: Derivatives of Trigonometric & Inverse Trigonometric Functions Only

DIRECTIONS: Solve the following problems. Show your solution in ink and as neatly as
possible in short bond paper.
dy
I. Find and simplify the result whenever possible. ( 10 Points each )
dx
1. y = sec3 2x – 3sec2x

2. y = sin ( x + 4 ) cos ( x – 4 )
3 x x x
3. y= - cot5 + cot3 - 3cot - x
5 3 3 3
x y
4. sin =
y x
1
5. y = x Arccsc + 1- x 2
x
2+x
6. y = Arccot x + Arctan
1- 2x

28
 CHAPTER 4
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION / DERIVATIVE

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

1. calculate the partial derivatives of functions;

2. find the total differential of functions;
3. obtain the higher order partial derivatives of functions.

4.1 First Order Partial Derivatives and Total Differential

( )
If z = f x,y , then the partial derivative of z with respect to x is symbolically defined as

∂z f(x + Δx,y)− f(x,y)

= lim
∂x Δx→0 Δx

and the partial derivative of z with respect to y is symbolically defined as

∂z f(x,y + Δy)− f(x,y)
= lim
∂y Δy→0 Δy

Example:
∂z ∂z
I. Find and of the following function:
∂x ∂y
1. z = x 2 − 4xy − 2y 2
2. z = y cos x −2 siny
3. z = ye xy − e xy sinx + xy

II. Do as indicated.
¶u ¶u ¶u
1. If u = x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz, find the value of x +y +z
¶x ¶y ¶z
x y
xy y ¶z ¶z
2. If z = e sin + e x cos , find x +y .
y x ¶x ¶y

∂z ∂z
III. If z = f x,y , find the total differential dz. dz =
( ) dx + dy
∂x ∂y
1. z = x 3 y − 4xy 2 + 2x 3
2. z = cos x + x cos y − y

29
 Activity / Exercise No. 11

∂z ∂z
I. Find and
∂x ∂y
1. z = y 2 − 4xy − 2x 2
2. z = sinx − 2x cos y

3. z = xe xy cos y − e xy siny + tany

II. Do as indicated.
y x ¶z ¶z
1. If z = sin + ln , find the value of x +y
x y ¶x ¶y
¶z ¶z
2. If z = ln x 2 + y 2 , find x +y
¶x ¶y

∂z ∂z
III. If z = f x,y , find the total differential dz. dz =
( ) dx + dy
∂x ∂y
1. z = xy 2 + y + 3x 3
2. z = siny − y sinx

4.2 Higher Order Partial Derivatives

( )
If z = f x,y , the following are the notations for the second partial derivatives:

Illustration Other Notations

∂ " ∂z % ∂ z 2
∂2 f
1. $$ '' = ; z xx ; fxx
∂x # ∂x & ∂x 2 ∂x 2
∂ " ∂z % ∂2 z ∂2 f
2. $$ '' = ; z xy ; fxy
∂y # ∂x & ∂y∂x ∂y∂x
∂ " ∂z % ∂2 z ∂2 f
3. $$ '' = ; z yx ; fyx
∂x # ∂y & ∂x∂y ∂x∂y
∂ " ∂z % ∂2 z ∂2 f
4. $$ '' = ; z yy ; fyy
∂y # ∂y & ∂y 2 ∂y 2

( )
Note: If the partial derivatives of z = f x,y are continuous functions, then z = z .
xy yx

30
Example:

∂2 z ∂2 z ∂2 z
1. Given z = ye xy − xy 4 − 5x 4 y 2 , find ; and .
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂x∂y
∂2 z ∂2 z
2. Suppose z = 2x 2 y − 3xy + 5 sinxy . Evaluate and .
∂x∂y ∂y∂x
∂2 z ∂2 z
( )
3. Let z = e−x sin y + a , show that
∂x 2
+
∂y 2
=0

Activity / Exercise No. 12

I. Do as indicated.
xy 5 4 3 ∂2 z
∂2 z ∂2 z
1. Given z = xe − 3xy − x y , find ; and
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂y∂x
∂2 z ∂2 z ∂2 z
2. Suppose z = ln x 2 + y 2 . Evaluate ; and
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂x∂y
y ∂2 z ∂2 z
3. Let z = arctan , show that + =0
x ∂x 2 ∂y 2

CHAPTER / UNIT TEST NO. 4

Topics: Derivatives of Logarithmic and Exponential Functions (Continuation of Chapter 3) and

Partial Derivatives

DIRECTIONS: Solve the following problems. Show your solution in ink and as neatly as
possible in short bond paper.
dy
I. Find and simplify the result whenever possible. ( 7 Points each )
dx
1+ sin x
1. y = x ln x 3. y = ln
1- sin x
2 -2 x
2. y = ln cos e –x
4. y = x e

II. Do as indicated. ( 10 Points each )

y x ¶z ¶z
1. If z = sin + ln , find the value of x +y
x y ¶x ¶y
¶u ¶u ¶u
2. If u = x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz, find the value of x +y +z
¶x ¶y ¶z
¶2z ¶2z
-x
3. Let z = e sin(y + a) , show that + =0
¶x 2 ¶y 2

31
 CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVE

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

1. define and solve the derivatives as a rate of change;

2. use derivatives of functions to solve related rates and other real life applications;
3. solve maxima, minima problems, related rates, rectilinear motion with the applications of
transcendental functions.

5.1 The Derivative as a Rate of Change

Definition:
The derivative of a function f given by y = f(x) with respect to x at any x in its domain is
given by
dy Dy f(x + Dx) - f(x)
= lim = lim provided that the limit exists is the same as the
dx Dx ®0 Dx Dx ®0 Dx

Rate of Change of the function y = f(x) with respect to the independent variable, x

Example:

I. Find the rate of change of y with respect to x:

1. when

Solution:

Therefore, the rate of change = 2 (2) – 2 = 2

2.

Solution:

32
II. Worded Problems:

1. The dimensions of a box are x, x – 2, x + 5 cm. Find the rate of change of its:
a. total surface area, A
b. total volume, V
as x increases. Give units of the answer.

Illustration:

Given: a rectangular parallelepiped

Solution:

a. A = 5)

= (12x+12 =12(x+1)

b.

33
2. Find how fast the:
a. surface area, A
b. volume, V
c. diagonal, D of a cube increases as the length of the edge, e increases.

Illustration:

Given: a cube of edge e,

Applying the Pythagorean Theorem, we have,

Required:

Solution:

a.

b.

=3

c.

34
 Activity / Exercise No. 13

I. Do as indicated.

x
1. Find the rate of change of y = when x = 3
x −1
2. Find the rate of change of the area of an equilateral triangle with respect to the side of
the triangle.
3. A closed right circular cylinder has a given altitude, h = 32 cm. Find the rate of change of
the :
a. volume, V
b. surface Area, A
with respect to the base radius.

5.2 Maxima And Minima

Definition:

A point is called a relative maximum (plural maxima) if it has a larger y-value than any
point near it while a point is called a relative minimum (plural minima) if it has a smaller y-
value than any point near it. The absolute maximum is the highest point in the graph for all x in
the domain while absolute minimum is the lowest point.

Note: Maximum and minimum values, collectively, are called extreme values.

Example:

1. Find two numbers whose sum is 9, if the product of one by the square of the other is a
maximum.

Solution:
Let x be the first number
9 – x be the second number

So,
the required product function to be maximized

Differentiate the function with respect to x, we have

Equate for a maximum product, we get

35
 =108
;

Therefore for Max the two numbers are 3 and 6 respectively.

2. Find the rectangle of maximum perimeter that can be inscribed in a circle of diameter,
30 cm.

Illustration:
Given: circle with =30 cm
perimeter of the rectangle

Required: width of the rectangle in cm

length of the rectangle in cm

Solution 1: Using Algebraic Functions

From the Pythagorean Theorem: where:

Substitute eqn. 2 in eqn. 1, we have,

Differentiate the function with respect to

Equate for to zero maximum P and solve for and :

36
 ; =
Since , then the largest rectangle is a square.

Solution 2: Using Trigonometric Functions

eqn. 1
Where: eqn. 2

eqn. 3

Subst. eqns. 2 and 3 in eqn. 1:

:
;

Divide both sides by

; using Right Triangles:

Solve and from eqns. 2 and 3:

Since , then the largest rectangle is a square.

37
3. Find the volume of the largest conical tent that can be constructed with a slant height of
6 meters.

Illustration:

Given: cone

radius of the base in meters

altitude of the cone in meters

Solution 1: Using Algebraic Functions

eqn. 1; from the given: eqn. 2

(Working Formula)

Equate to zero for maximum volume, we obtain,

; since

Substitute in the WF:

cubic meters cubic meters

38
 Solution 2: Using Trigonometric Functions:
eqn. 1

where: from the figure

; eqn. 2
eqn. 3

WF (Working Formula)

72

Equate to zero for maximum volume:

reject , since

From the right triangle:

and

Substitute in the WF:

cubic meters

Activity / Exercise No. 14

I. Do as indicated.
1. Find the two numbers whose sum is 12, if the product of one by the square of the other
is to be maximum.

2. The lower edge of a picture is 4 feet, the upper edge 9 feet above the eye of an
observer. At what horizontal distance should he stand if the angle subtended by the
picture is a maximum? Answer: 6 feet

3. Find the volume of the largest box that can be made by cutting equal squares out of the
corners of a piece of cardboard of dimensions 15 inches by 24 inches, and then turning
up the sides. Answer: 486 cubic inches

39
5.3 Related Rates

In general, a time rate of change is the answer to the question “How fast is a quantity
changing?”
For example, if v stands for volume that is changing in time, then the

is the rate of change of the volume with respect to time t.

Example:

1. The radius of a circular cylinder is increasing at the rate of 6 cm/sec while its altitude is
decreasing at the rate of 3 cm/sec. Find the rate of change of its volume when its radius is
8cm and its altitude is 20cm.

Illustration:

Given:

V = volume of the cylinder

Required: when r = 8cm and h = 20cm

40
 Solution:

Differentiate with respect to time, :

Substitute r = 8cm and h = 20cm

2. A ladder 6m long leans against a vertical wall. The lower end is moved away from the wall at
the rate of 2 m/min. Find the rate of change of the area formed by the wall, the floor and the
ladder when the lower end is 4m from the wall.

Illustration:

Given:

area formed by the wall, floor and ladder

Required: when

41
 Solution:

eqn. ; where eqn.

Substitute eqn. in

Differentiate with respect to time,

Substitute and

Activity / Exercise No. 15

I. Do as indicated.

1. A rectangular trough is 8ft long, 2ft across the top, and 4ft deep. If water flows in at the rate
of , how fast is the surface rising when the water is 1 foot deep? Express your final
answer in in m/min. Answer: 0.0381 m/min

2. Water is flowing into a vertical cylindrical tank at the rate of . if the radius of tank
is 4ft. How fast is the surface rising? Answer: 0.477 ft /min

3. Water at the rate of is pouring into a leaky cistern whose shape is a cone 16cm
deep and 8cm in diameter at the top. At the time the water is 12cm deep, the water level is

observed to be rising , how fast is the water leaking away?

Answer: 10 − 3πcm3 / min

42
 CHAPTER / UNIT TEST NO. 5

Topics: Applications of Derivatives

DIRECTIONS: Solve the following problems. Show your solution in ink and as neatly as
possible in short bond paper. (10 Points each)

I. Do as indicated.

3x 2
1. Find the rate of change of y = when x =2
x −1
2. One leg of a right triangle is 30 cm long. The other is increasing. Find the rate of change
of the:
a.) Hypotenuse,
b.) Area,
of the right triangle with respect to the variable side.

3. Find two numbers whose sum is 6, such the sum of their cubes is minimum.

4. The volume of an open box with square base is 256 cu. in. Find the dimension if the
material used to make the box is minimum.

5. Water is running out from a conical tank 3m across the top and 4m deep at the rate of
2 m3/min . Find the rate at which the level of water drops when it is 1m from the top.

6. A metal disk expands during heating. If its radius increases at the rate of 20mm per
second, how fast is the area of one of its faces increasing when its radius is 8.1 meters:

43
 FINAL ASSESSMENT / EXAMINATION

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Shade the circle corresponding the letter of the correct answer in
the provided answer sheet using PENCIL. If there is none, shade the circle for E.
Erase completely if you want to change your answer. (2 Points Each)

44
Begin here…

1. lim (2x + 3) is equal to

x®2

A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9

2. The following statement is TRUE except

A. Derivative is the same as slope.

B. A function is continuous at a number a if lim- f(x ) = lim+ f(x ) = f a and all are
()
x ®a x ®a
exist.

( )
C. If the partial derivatives of z = f x,y are continuous functions, then z = z .
xy yx

D. If the function is differentiable then it is continuous.

1
3. f(x) = is discontinuous at x=2 because
x-2
A. f(2) is not defined C. f(x) is a fraction
B. lim f(x) is existing D. both a and b
x®2

4. The following functions are discontinuous except?

3x + 5 5x + 1 3x
A. B. cscx C. D.
2
x - 8 x + 12 x2 + 4 x-5

x2 + x - 6
5. Let f (x ) = . Then lim f (x ) is:
x-2 x ®2
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

4 - x2
6. The limit of as x approaches to 2 is
3 - x2 + 5
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

6x 2 + 2x + 1
7. lim is equal to
6 x 2 - 3x + 4
x ®¥

A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

8. The value of dy/dx when x = -3 in the given function y = 25 - x 2

1 3 5 7
A. B. C. D.
4 4 4 4

45
9. The slope of the y2 = 3x + 1 at the point (1,2) is
1 3 5 7
A. B. C. D.
4 4 4 4

10. The derivative of the function y = (x2 – 1)-2 (x2 + 2)3 is

2 x (x 2 + 2)2 (x 2 - 7) 2 x (x 2 + 2)2 (x 2 + 7)
A. C.
(x 2 - 1)3 (x 2 - 1)3
2 x (x 2 + 2)2 (x 2 - 7) 2 x (x 2 + 2)2 (x 2 + 7)
B. D.
(x 2 - 1)4 (x 2 - 1)4

x 3 + 8x
11. The function y = , when differentiated is?
x2 - 8
x 4 + 32 x 2 + 64 x 4 - 32 x 2 - 16
A. C.
( x 2 - 8) 2 ( x 2 - 8) 2
x 4 - 32 x 2 - 64 x 4 - 26 x 2 + 16
B. D.
( x 2 - 8) 2 ( x 2 - 8) 2

12. The function 3y3 = x, when differentiated is?

1 2 5 7
A. B. C. D.
9y2 9y2 9y2 9y2

13. The function y = ln sinx, when differentiated is?

A. cot x B. cos x C. sec x D. tan x

14. The dy/dx of y2 = tan y + x is

1 x 2 2x
A. B. C. D.
2 y - sec 2 y 2 y - sec 2 y 2 y - sec 2 y 2 y - sec 2 y

15. The dy/dx of y = sin 2 3x is

A. 2cos3x B. 6cos3x C. 6sin3xcos3x D. 2cos3xsin3x

16. The derivative of y = cos2x + sin2x is

A. -1 B. 0 C. 1 D. 2

1 1
17. The equation of the tangent line to the curve y = at the point (3, ) is
x +1 2
A. x + 16 y + 11 = 0 C. x + 16 y - 5 = 0
B. x + 8 y - 7 = 0 D. x + 16 y + 5 = 0

18. If x 2 - xy + y 2 = 3 find yII (second derivative)

18 12 12 18
A. B. C. D.
(x - 2y )2
(x - 2y ) 3
(x - 2y ) 2
(x - 2y )3

46
 1 1 d3 y
19. Suppose y = + , find .
x -1 x +1 dx 3
4 4 4 4
A.
6
- 6
C. +
(x + 1) (x - 1) (x + 1) (x - 1)6
6

6 6 6 6
B. - - D. +
4 4
(x + 1) (x - 1) (x + 1) (x - 1)4
4

20. The fourth derivative of y = x - 1 is

5 7 9 11
3 − 15 − 3 − 8 −
A. (x −1) 2 B. - (x −1) 2 C. - (x −1) 2 D. - (x −1) 2
8 16 8 16

(
21. If y = x 2 - 4 ) 1
2 x
- 2 arc sec , find yI.
2
x2 - 4 x2 - 4 1 x2 - 4 x2 - 4 1
A. B. + C. D. -
x2 2x x x x x

22. Find the derivative of y = arcos(4x) with respect to x.

4 -4 -4 -4
A. B. C. D.
1- 4 x 2 1- (4 x ) (4x )2 - 1
2 2
1- 4 x

( )
23. Let y = ln x 2 + 1 + x - sinh -1 x , find yI.
-1
A. sinh x B. lnx C. 1 D. 0

¶2z
24. Suppose z = 2 x 2 y - 3 xy + 5 sin xy . Evaluate .
¶x¶y
A. 4x – 3 – 5xy sinxy + 5 cosxy
B. 4x + 3 + 5xy sinxy + 5 cosxy
C. 4x – 3 – 5xy sinxy – 5 cosxy
D. 4x + 3 + 5xy sinxy – 5 cosxy

¶z ¶z
25. If z = ln x 2 + y 2 , find x +y
¶x ¶y
1
A. B. 1 C. 0 D. x2 + y2
2 2
x +y

26. A line passes thru point (8, 27) and terminates on the axes. Find the length of the
shortest line that may be drawn.

A. 4 13 B. 7 13 C. 9 13 D. 13 13

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27. If the radius of a circle increases at ¼ cm per minute, at what rate is the area increasing
at the instant when r= 10cm?

A. 2.5πcm2 / min C. 5πcm2 / min

B. 4πcm2 / min D. 10πcm2 / min

END OF FINAL EXAM (27 QUESTIONS)

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