І. /u:/ – довгий, напружений, високий, вузький, лабіалізований дифтонгоїд.

In pronouncing the English sound /u:/ the resonance chamber is considerably

increased in the front part of the mouth cavity. The tip of the tongue is retracted from
the lower teeth. The back of the tongue is tense. The bulk of the tongue glides from a
more advanced and lower position to a more retracted and higher one. The lips are
rounded but not protruded. They are close together at the sides leaving a narrow
opening in the middle.

► Watch the video. Listen and repeat.

А4
oo bloom, food, smooth, loop, school, doom
o lose, move, do, who, improvement, remove
ue,oe blue, glue, shoes
ui fruit, juice, cruise
u tune, tube, music, curious, tulips
ew new, few, Kew, mews

► Read
youth schooner
pool maroon
route infuse
stew confused

► A5 Listen and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you
were telling it to someone in a natural way.
1. Ruth felt in tune with the cool of a June evening and admired the beauty of the
moon.
2. There are quite a few music super-stars on the London tube.
3. These new blue shoes look beautiful with a navy blue coat.
4. On our cruise to Bermuda we played snooker with our schooner crew.
5. Coolies are made from juicy fruits and sugar.
6. The music tutor sang a tune on Tuesday for the duke.
7. A few beautiful tulips grew in the school garden in July.

► А6 Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.
I'd a swallow-tail coat of beautiful blue-
A brief which I bought off a booby
A couple of shirts and a collar or two,
And a ring that looked like a ruby!

We sail the ocean blue,

And our saucy ship's a beauty;
We're sober men and true,
And attentive to our beauty.

ІI. /ʊ/ – короткий, слабкий, задній-просунутий, високий, широкий,

лабіалізований монофтонг.

In pronouncing the English /ʊ/ the back of the tongue is raised towards the soft palate
but less high than for the sound /u:/. The tip of the tongue is retracted from the lower
teeth. The resonance chamber is increased in the front part of the mouth cavity. The
lips are slightly rounded forming an oval-shaped opening with is wider than the
sound /u:/. The lips are flat without any trace of position.

► Watch the video. Listen and repeat.

A44
u put, push full, butcher, spoonful, fulfil, cushion
oo, o book, look, good, wool, wood, wolf, foot, stood
oul could, would, should

► Read
brook pulpit
crooked ebullience
fulcrum womanhood
bullion fulminate

► A45 Listen and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you
were telling it to someone in a natural way.
1. Could you put this good Worcester wool in the wooden chest?
2. The butcher saw a wolf looking in every nook for the fallen rook.
3. Our cook couldn't cook without looking at his cookery book.
4. If I could just get off the hook and get rid of my responsibility to cook.
5. You could easily lose your foothold in the bulrushes by the brook on the way to
the "Bull and Bush" pub.
6. If you are preparing a pudding you must have sugar and a good cookery book.

► А46 Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.
Would you take this book!
Could you leave that hook!
Let us walk by foot!
That sounds good!
We could, we would, we should!
 DIPHTHONGS

The diphthong is a phonetic combination of two vowel elements with gliding

articulation. The stressed element of a diphthong (which is always the first one) is
called the nucleus, the second one is called the glide.

There are 8 diphthongs in English. They fall into 3 groups according to the type of
nucleus:
1) front diphthongs /ɪə, eɪ, eə, aɪ, aʊ/
2) central diphthong /əʊ/
3) back diphthongs /ɔɪ, ʊə/

According to the type of glide they are grouped into:

1) /ɪ/ – gliding diphthongs /eɪ, aɪ, ɔɪ/
2) /ə/ – gliding diphthongs /ɪə, eə, ʊə/
3) /ʊ/ – gliding diphthongs /aʊ, əʊ/

Diphthong /əʊ/
In pronouncing the nucleus of the diphthong /əʊ/ the tip of the tongue is at the lower
teeth. The central part of the tongue is in the /ɜː/ position.
Thus, the nucleus of this diphthong may be defined as central or mixed of middle rise
narrow variation unrounded.
In pronouncing the glide, the back of the tongue rises upward, in the direction of the
sound /ʊ/. The glide is rather distinct (виразний) in stressed syllables and sounds like
the vowel /ʊ/. The lips are neutral at the beginning of the diphthong and rounded at
the end.

► Watch the video. Listen and repeat.

A54
o hope, role, focus, those, both, clothes, bold, open, whole
oa road, oak, coat
ow glow, sorrow, pillow, follow, sparrow, throw
ew sew
► A55 Listen and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you
were telling it to someone in a natural way.
1. Joan has a cold in her nose because she rode her pony through the frozen snow.
2. The poetry of bold poems imposed a strange tone on the whole show.
3. I don't know when I will come home, although I am closely focusing on the road.
But soon, most probably, I will know and will phone you as I come closer to our
home.
4. When speaking on the podium keep your shoulders open!
5. Discharge your loathsome loads! Belch forth your venom, toads!
6. Joe, don't go to Oklahoma or Ohio but come home to Rome instead.

► А56 Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.
Moses supposes his toeses are roses,
But Moses supposes erroneously;
For nobody's toeses are posies of roses
As Moses supposes his toeses to be.

Diphthong /eɪ/
In pronouncing the nucleus of the diphthong /eɪ/ the tip of the tongue is at the lower
teeth. The front of the tongue is in the direction of the hard palate almost as high as
for the sound /e/.
Thus, the nucleus of this diphthong is practically the same as the vowel /e/. It is front
advanced of middle rise narrow variation unrounded.
After completing the nucleus, the front of the tongue glides still higher, moving in the
direction of the sound /ɪ/ without reaching it. In pronouncing both the nucleus and the
glide the lips are slightly spread, the opening between the jaws is rather narrow but a
little wider for the nucleus than for the glide.

► Watch the video. Listen and repeat.

A57
a take, arrange, late, tape, amaze, change, shape, stimulate, populate
ai aim, rainbow, vain, gain, plain
ay pay, gay, tray, betray
 eigh, weight, eight, straight
aigh

► A58 Listen and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you
were telling it to someone in a natural way.
The train at eight was very late; we left the station with frustration.
Betrayed and amazed we aimed hastily for the Chain Walk brasserie.
We patiently waited in vain for our favourite table to become vacant.
To name your child with an ancient name some may consider insane!
All the favourite cakes that Jane had made were placed on trays.
You must pay any day if you are going away on the train.

► А59 Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.
Stay, Frederic, stay!
They have no legal claim,
No shadow of a shame
Will fall upon my name.

Diphthong /ɔɪ/
In pronouncing the nucleus of the diphthong /ɔɪ/ the tip of the tongue is retracted
from the lower teeth. The back of the tongue is raised to the soft palate a bit higher
than for the sound /ɔ/. The lips are slightly rounded.
Thus, the nucleus of this diphthong may be defined as back retracted of low rise
narrow variation slightly rounded.
In pronouncing the glide, the tongue moves forward and upward in the direction of
the sound /ɪ/ without actually reaching. The glide sounds like a weak /e/. The opening
between the jaws is wide for the nucleus and much narrower for the glide.

► Watch the video. Listen and repeat.

A60
oi coin, exploit, moisture, boil, spoil, poise, anoint, soil, points, broil, foil,
loiter
oy enjoy, loyal, annoy, royal, toy, Lloyd, decoy, destroy

► A61 Listen and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you
were telling it to someone in a natural way.
1. Troy was once destroyed by flamboyant noisy soldiers.
2. A noisy voice can be so annoying that the whole image can be spoiled.
3. Rice requires moist soil and months of toil.
4. Any noise annoys an oyster, but a noisy noise annoys an oyster most.
5. You can't enjoy the beef if the joint is covered with boiling oil.
6. Moira was very annoyed at the boisterous noise of her toy-boy enjoying his
oysters.

► А62 Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.
An orphan boy,
Forgo your cruel employ,
How sad - an orphan boy.
If pity you can feel,
Leave me my sole remaining joy -
Against the sad, sad tale of the lonely orphan boy!

Diphthong /ɪə/
In pronouncing the nucleus of the diphthong /ɪə/ the tip of the tongue is near the
lower teeth. The front of the tongue is raised to the position of the vowel /ɪ/.
Thus, the nucleus of this diphthong is front retracted of high rise broad variation
unrounded.
In pronounsing the glide the tongue moves down and backward towards the neutral
sound /ə/ the articulation of which is fully accomplished. When the diphthong occurs
at the end of the words before a pause the glide sounds like the vowel /ʌ/. The lips are
spread for the nucleus and neutral for the glide.

► Watch the video. Listen and repeat.

A63
ea cereal, nuclear, gear, nearly, theatre
ie experience, bier, pier, cavalier
io Superior, exterior
iou mysterious, curious, spurious
ei weird, weir
er, eer sphere, interfere, here, queer, peer, sheer
► A64 Listen and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you
were telling it to someone in a natural way.
1. Vera, dear, wipe your tears, come near here and forget your fear!
2. My experience of piercing Vera's ears was rather weird.
3. Really dear beer makes me cheerful but spurious beer makes me furious.
4. It was queer to experience a year with my cavalier peers at Lear's.
5. Last year I had a delirious experience when I was allowed to steer the boat near
the weir.
6. My tearfulness soon cleared when I met the dear, fearless, mysterious stranger.

► А65 Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.
Sad is that woman's lot who, year by year,
Sees, one by one, her beauty disappear,
When Time, grown weary of her heartdrawn sighs,
Impatiently begins to 'dim her eyes'!