IPA (International

Phonetic Alphabet)
Prepared by: Ms. Ivyrose Ann C. Ante, LPT
 THROUGH
THROUGHOUT
THOROUGH
TROUGH
THOUGHT
THOUGH
TOUGH
Using IPA symbols, we can now represent the pronunciation of
words.
 What is IPA?
The Phonetic Alphabet
• In 1888 the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was invented in order
to have a system in which there was a one-to-one correspondence between
each sound in language and each phonetic symbol
• Someone who knows the IPA knows how to pronounce any word in the
English language.
> It is devised and maintained by International Phonetic Association.
It primarily uses Roman characters, for other letters are borrowed from different
scripts (e.g., Greek)
PHONETICS
It is the branch of linguistics that
deals with the sounds of speech
and their production, combination,
description, and representation by
written symbols.

It is the study of speech sound.

PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION
It is usually written in International Phonetic Alphabet in which each
English sound has its own symbol.

In dictionary, it looks like this:

 USES OF IPA

● The IPA is used in dictionaries to indicate the

pronunciation of words.
● In English, a letter can have a different sound.
Therefore, the spelling does not help us know
the pronunciation
● The IPA has often been used as a basis for
creating new writing systems for previously
unwritten languages.
EXAMPLE
NEW WORD: LAMB
1. Baby sheep
2. IPA transcription:
3. /b/ IS NOT PRONOUNCED
EXAMPLE
The letter “C”
car rice
“C” = /k/
/s/
SPECIAL SYMBOLS TO REMEMBER
The start and end of the transcription
/ Example: “cat” =

‘ The stressed syllable of a word.

Example: “prefer” =
The start of a new syllable
. Example: “football” (2 syllables) =
The consonant “L” is pronounced as a separate
syllable. Example: “little”
In American English, “t” was pronounced as “d”
Example: “butter”
VOWELS (LONG)
IPA EXAMPLES

tree, green
Shoe, food
Arm, car
Door, four
Girl, prefer
VOWELS (LONG)
Girl, prefer

Example: “prefer”

“I prefer apples.” (we pronounce the final “r” sound.)

“I prefer pears.” (we do not pronounce the final “r” sound.)
VOWELS (SHORT)
IPA EXAMPLES

sit, fish
pull, good
mug, duck
hot, stop
amount, cinema
VOWELS (SHORT)
IPA EXAMPLES

red, dead
cat, fat
mother
DIPTHONGS Two vowel sounds combined to form a single syllable.
GLIDES are vowels combined with W and Y.
IPA EXAMPLES

ɪər ear, beer

ʊər pure, tourist
aɪ my, five
ɔɪ boy, choice
əʊ go, joke
DIPTHONGS Two vowel sounds combined to form a single syllable.
GLIDES are vowels combined with W and Y.
IPA EXAMPLES

eər there, chair (ɛə in some dictionaries)

ʊər pure, tourist
aʊ now, lounge
eɪ they, say
oʊ nose
Let’s Try! Identify the IPA symbol of the underlined sound.

cup, luck
arm, father
cat, black
met, bed
away, cinema
Let’s Try! Identify the IPA symbol of the underlined sound.

cup, luck = ʌ
arm, father = ɑ:
cat, black = æ
met, bed = e
away, cinema = ə
 Identify the IPA symbol of the underlined sound.
Let’s Try!
turn, learn =
hit, sitting =
see, heat =
hot, rock =
call, four =
 Identify the IPA symbol of the underlined sound.
Let’s Try!
turn, learn = ɜ:ʳ
hit, sitting = ɪ
see, heat = i:
hot, rock = ɒ
call, four = ɔ:
 Consonants: Manner of Articulation
The manner of articulation is the way the airstream is affected as it
flows from the lungs and out of the mouth and nose.
• Voiceless sounds are those produced without vibration.
• Voiced sounds are those produced when the vocal cords vibrate.
rope/robe [rop]/[rob]
fine/vine [faɪn]/[vaɪn]
seal/zeal [sil]/[zil]
 SPEECH SOUNDS
VOICED/b/ /v/ /z/ VOICELESS /p/ /f/ /k/
/b/ /p/
/v/ /f/
/d/ /t/
/z/ /s/
/g/ /k/
/ð/ they /θ/ thanks
VOICELESS CONSONANTS
IPA EXAMPLES

p apple, stop
t tree, want
tʃ chair, teacher
k cat, walk
f fish, if
VOICELESS CONSONANTS
IPA EXAMPLES

θ think, both
s stop, fast
ʃ she, fish
VOICED CONSONANTS
IPA EXAMPLES

b bad, beer
d door, food
dʒ joke, lounge
g green, dog
v vote, five
VOICED CONSONANTS
IPA EXAMPLES

ð they, mother
z zoo, noise
ʒ pleasure, vision
OTHER CONSONANTS
IPA EXAMPLES

m man, money
ŋ sing, drink
h hot, head
l love, pull
r red, tree
OTHER CONSONANTS
IPA EXAMPLES

w want, window
j yes, yellow
IPA TRANSCRIPTION
 ARTICULATORY PHONETIC
• Most speech sounds are produced by pushing air
through the vocal cords
– Glottis = the opening between the vocal cords
– Larynx = ‘voice box’
– Pharynx = tubular part of the throat above the larynx
– Oral cavity = mouth
– Nasal cavity = nose and the passages connecting it to
the throat and sinuses.
 Features of IPA
BRACKETS – as transcription becomes narrower or more precise, It is
more common to use brackets to surround IPA symbols than slashes.
- it is used to have distinction between phonetics and phonemics.
STRESS – an apostrophe is placed before the syllable that is primarily
stressed in the word.
Ex. Because - /bēˈkəz/
pronunciation - /prəˌnənsēˈāSH(ə)n/
LENGTH - length or quantity is a feature of sounds that have
distinctively extended duration compared with other sounds. There
are long vowels as well as long consonants (the latter are often
called geminates).
SYLLABIC CONSONANTS – it is a consonant that can act as
a syllable without the help of a vowel, and is indicated by a
small notch below the IPA symbol.
NASALIZATION – in some accents, especially American
accents, the /ae/ vowel is not always completely pure. When it
comes directly as a nasal consonant, it becomes a bit
distorted or “nasalized”, as if it is anticipating the consonant
that comes after it.
ASPIRATION – it is the breathiness given to a
consonant, typically a voiceless stop, making it sound
harsher. If you hold your hand up to your face and
pronounce the word “pan”, you might feel a burst of air
come from your mouth.
Ex. /t/ would become /th/
UNRELEASED STOPS – it is also typical for stop
sounds to not have a release when they occur at the ends
of words.
Ex. /p/ aspirated as /ph/
 Consonants: Place of Articulation
• Consonants are sounds produced with some restriction or
closure in the vocal tract
• Consonants are classified based in part on where in the
vocal tract the airflow is being restricted (the place of
articulation)
• The major places of articulation are: bilabial, labiodental,
interdental, alveolar, palatal,
velar, uvular, and glottal.
 Major Places of Articulation
Bilabials: [p] [b] [m]
– Produced by bringing both lips together
• Labiodentals: [f] [v]
– Produced by touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth
• Interdentals/dentals [θ] [ð]
– Produced by putting the tip of the tongue between the teeth
Alveolars: [t] [d] [n] [s] [z] [l] [r]
– All of these are produced by raising the tongue to the alveolar
ridge in some way
• [t, d, n]: produced by the tip of the tongue touching the alveolar
ridge (or just in front of it)
• [s, z]: produced with the sides of the front of the tongue raised but
the tip lowered to allow air to escape
• [l]: the tongue tip is raised while the rest of the tongue remains
down so air can escape over the sides of the tongue (thus [l] is a
lateral sound)
• [r]: air escapes through the central part of the mouth; either the tip
of the tongue is curled back behind the alveolar ridge or the top of
the tongue is bunched up behind the alveolar ridge
Stops: [p] [b] [m] [t] [d] [n] [k] [g] [ŋ] [ʧ][ʤ]
– Produced by completely stopping the air flow in the
oral cavity for a friction
• Liquids: [l] [r]
– Produced by causing some obstruction of the airstream
in the mouth, but not enough to cause any real friction
Fricatives: [f] [v] [θ] [ð] [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ] [x] [ɣ] [h]
– Produced by severely obstructing the airflow so as
to cause friction.
Affricates: [ʧ] [ʤ]
– Produced by a stop closure that is released with a lot of friction
Glides: [j] [w]
– Produced with very little obstruction of the airstream and are
always followed by a vowel.
Alveolar Ridge
- A ridge is found on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth
and the hard palate which is used in conjunction with the tip of the
tongue to make many sounds.
 DIPHTHONGS
It is a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable,
in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another (as in
coin, loud, and side).

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April 12
National library workers day
 24h 37m 23s
Jupiter's rotation period

333,000
Earths would fit in the Sun’s mass

386,000 km
Distance between Earth and the Moon
 Some library percentages

Worker 1 Worker 2
75% Mercury is the closest planet to 50% Despite being red, Mars is a
the Sun and the smallest of very cold planet full of iron
them all oxide dust
Some library percentages

75% Worker 1
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest of
them all

50% Worker 2
Despite being red, Mars is a
very cold planet full of iron
oxide dust
 Literature periods

1837-1901 1901-1910 1914-1939 1939-present

Victorian Edwardian Modern Postmodern

Mercury is a very small Venus has extremely Saturn is the only planet Venus has extremely
planet high temperatures with rings high temperatures
 Literature periods

1837-1901 1901-1910 1914-1939 1939-present

Victorian Edwardian Modern Postmodern

Mercury is a very small Venus has extremely Saturn is the only planet Venus has extremely
planet high temperatures with rings high temperatures
 Literature periods
Mercury is the closest planet to
1837-1901 Victorian the Sun

Venus has extremely high

1901-1910 Edwardian temperatures

Saturn is the only planet with

1914-1939 Modern rings

Venus has extremely high

1939-present Postmodern temperatures
 04
Importance
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Best workers

Angelina M Rousse P Lauren V

Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot, even
hotter than Mercury, and its atmosphere is extremely poisonous. It’s the second-brightest
natural object in the night sky after the Moon
 Best workers

Angelina M Rousse P
Mercury is the closest Alan F Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun and the is actually a cold place.
smallest of them all Venus has a beautiful It’s full of iron oxide
name and is the second dust
planet from the Sun
 Best worker of the month
Name Alan F

Occupation Bookstore manager

What people think Mercury is the closest planet

about him to the Sun

Books, music, art, friends and

Hobbies party

Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot, even hotter than
Mercury, and its atmosphere is extremely poisonous
 Our bookstores
Bookstore 1
Venus has extremely high
temperatures
Bookstore 2
Mars is actually a very cold
place
Bookstore 3
Saturn is the only planet with
rings
Bookstore 4
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun
 Our bookstores
Bookstore 1 Bookstore 3
Venus has extremely Saturn is a gas giant
high temperatures and has several rings

Bookstore 2 Bookstore 4
Despite being red, Mercury is the closest
Mars is actually a planet to the Sun
cold place
 A timeline always works fine
1862 1960 2000
Venus has extremely Jupiter is the biggest Neptune is very far from
high temperatures planet of them all the Sun

1914 1887 1984

Mercury is a very small Mars is actually a very Saturn is composed of
planet cold place hydrogen
 05
Related
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Literature movements
The lost Postmodernism
Mars is actually a very cold Venus has extremely high
place temperatures

The beat Concrete poetry

Jupiter is the biggest planet Saturn is a gas giant and
of them all has several rings
 Literature movements

The lost Postmodernism

Despite being red, Mars is Venus has extremely high
actually a cold place temperatures

The beat Concrete poetry

Jupiter is the biggest planet Saturn is a gas giant and has
of them all several rings
 Literature movements

The lost Postmodernism

Despite being red, Mars is Venus has extremely high
actually a cold place temperatures

The beat Concrete poetry

Jupiter is the biggest planet Saturn is a gas giant and has
of them all several rings
 Cataloging of books

Hall 1 Hall 2 Hall 3

Generalities 152 454 14

Philosophy 265 22 254

Religions 658 45 778

Social sciences 220 254 245

Pure sciences 69 36 74

Fine arts 300 11 21

 Writing workshop october
Introduction Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Mercury is a smallest planet
1 2

Creativity 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Venus is a hot planet
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Narrative
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Earth is the planet with life
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Final project
31
Mars was named after a god
 Most commented novels

Shooting in Living up the The girl and the

Marrakech streets doctor
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun and the name and is the second is actually a cold place.
smallest of them all planet from the Sun It’s full of iron oxide
dust
 Most read categories
Category A
50% Venus has extremely high
temperatures
Category B
25% Mars is actually a very cold
place
Category C
15% Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
Category D
10% Jupiter is the biggest planet
of them all

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Most read categories

Category D 10% 50% Category A

Jupiter doesn’t have a Venus has extremely
solid surface high temperatures

Category C 15% 25% Category B

Saturn was named after Earth is the planet
a Roman god where we all live on

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 Our team

Medieval Renaissance Neoclassical

Content: Content: Content:

● Mars is actually a very cold ● Neptune is the farthest planet ● Earth is the third planet from
place from the Sun the Sun
● Venus has extremely high ● Mercury is the closest planet to ● Despite being red, Mars is
temperatures the Sun actually a cold place

Effect: Effect: Effect:

● Jupiter is the biggest planet of ● The Moon is Earth’s natural ● Pluto is now considered a
them all satellite dwarf planet
● Saturn is composed of ● The Sun’s is at the center of the ● Ceres is located in the main
hydrogen and helium Solar System asteroid belt
 Our team

Chris Dean Venus Rill

You can talk a bit about this person You can talk a bit about this person
here here
 Our team

Venus Rill
You can talk a bit about this
person here

Chris Dean
You can talk a bit about this
person here
 Good attitudes of booksellers

Good attitudes Sales techniques

● Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun
● Venus is the second planet
from the Sun
● Mars is actually a very cold
place
● Jupiter is the biggest planet
of them all
● Saturn is the only planet
with rings
● Neptune is very far from the
Sun
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“Mercury is the “Despite being red,
smallest planet in Mars is actually a
the Solar System” very cold place”

Add the title here 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

“Venus is the
“Neptune is the “Saturn is a gas
second planet from
farthest planet from giant and has
the Sun and is
the Sun” several rings”
terribly hot”

Text 4 Text 5 Text 6

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Mars is actually a
very cold place”

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“Jupiter is the
TITLE 1 biggest planet in the
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Solar System”
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giant and has
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