‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺎت اﻟﮭـﺎﻣــﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‬ ‫أھﻢ‬

‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮات‬
‫‪2AC‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس‬

‫‪ _ I‬واﺳﻄــﺎت ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ – (1‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ ‪:‬‬

‫واﺳﻂ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ھﻮ واﺳﻂ أﺣﺪ أﺿﻼﻋﮫ‬

‫‪ – (2‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ABC‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ و اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ )‪ (D‬واﺳﻂ اﻟﻀﻠﻊ ]‪. [BC‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﻤﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ )‪ (D‬واﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪. ABC‬‬

‫‪ – (3‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ ﺑﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫* ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ ﺑﻤﺜﻠﺚ ھﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ واﺳﻄﺎﺗﮫ‬

‫* ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ABC‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﻨﺸﺊ ) ‪ ( C‬اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ .ABC‬ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ھﺬا ﺳﻨﻨﺸﺊ واﺳﻄﺎت ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻼﻗﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ واﺣﺪة ‪ O‬ھﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ ﺑﮫ ‪.‬‬

‫* ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ رﻛﺰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ ﺑﻤﺜﻠﺚ ﯾﻜﻔﻲ رﺳﻢ واﺳﻄﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ واﺳﻄﺎﺗﮫ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ _ II‬ﻣﻨﺼﻔﺎت ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ‪:‬‬

 ‫‪ – (1‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ھﻮﻣﻨﺼﻒ إﺣﺪى زواﯾﺎه‬

‫‪ – (2‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ABC‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ و )‪ [BM‬ﻣﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ ˆ‬
‫‪. ABC‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﻤﻲ ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ )‪ [BM‬ﻣﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪. ABC‬‬

‫‪ – (3‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﺎطﺔ ﺑﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫* ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﺎطﺔ ﺑﻤﺜﻠﺚ ھﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﻔﺎﺗﮫ‬

‫* ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ABC‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﻨﺸﺊ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﺎطﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ . ABC‬ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ھﺬا ﺳﻨﻨﺸﺊ ﻣﻨﺼﻔﺎت ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻼﻗﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ واﺣﺪة ‪ O‬ھﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﺎطﺔ ﺑﮫ ‪.‬‬

‫* ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﺎطﺔ ﺑﻤﺜﻠﺚ ﯾﻜﻔﻲ رﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﺼﻔﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻔﺎﺗﮫ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ _ III‬إرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ‪:‬‬

 ‫‪ – (1‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ ‪:‬‬

‫إرﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ھﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﯾﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪ رؤوس اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ‬

‫و اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺮأس‬

‫‪ – (2‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ABC‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ و )‪ (AH‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺎر ﻣﻦ ‪ A‬واﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻊ )‪ (BC‬ﻓﻲ ‪. H‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﻤﻲ )‪ (AH‬إرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ ABC‬ااﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﻀﻠﻊ ]‪. [BC‬‬

‫* ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ھﺎھﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻼرﺗﻔﺎع )‪ (AH‬ﺑﺈﺣﺪى‬
‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰﯾﻦ ‪ [AH] :‬أو ‪AH‬‬

‫* ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ABC‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ˆ‬
‫‪ ABC‬زاوﯾﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺟﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أن اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ H‬ﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻀﻠﻊ ]‪. [BC‬‬

‫‪ – (3‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫* ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ھﻮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ إرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺗﮫ‬

‫* ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ABC‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﻨﺸﺊ ‪ O‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ . ABC‬ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ھﺬا ﺳﻨﻨﺸﺊ إرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻼﻗﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ واﺣﺪة ھﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪه‪.‬‬

‫‪ _IV‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎت ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ‪:‬‬

 ‫‪ – (1‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ھﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﯾﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪ رؤوس‬

‫اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ و ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻀﻠﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺮأس‬

‫‪ – (2‬ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ABC‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ و )‪ (D‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺎر ﻣﻦ ‪ A‬و ﻣﻦ ‪ M‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ]‪. [BC‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ )‪ (D‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪. ABC‬‬

‫‪ – (3‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫* ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ھﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎﺗﮫ‬

‫* ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ABC‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﻨﺸﺊ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ . ABC‬ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ھﺬا ﺳﻨﻨﺸﺊ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎﺗﮫ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻼﻗﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ واﺣﺪة ھﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻠﮫ ‪.‬‬

‫* ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫إذا ﻛﺎن ‪ ABC‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ و ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻠﮫ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪ M‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ]‪ [BC‬ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪AG = AM‬‬
‫‪3‬‬