Cassava / Tapioca (Manihot Esculenta Crantz)

Casava / Tapioca has been grown in India for more than a century. Although cassava
breeding was initiated during the 1940s in Kerala, intensive research on breeding of superior
varieties began only after the establishment of the Central Tuber Crops Research Institute
(CTCRI) in 1963 in Trivandrum, Kerala. The Institute has an immense wealth of cassava
germplasm, both indigenous and exotic. Nine superior varieties were released by CTCRI,
three of them developed by selection, five by inter-varietal hybridization and one by triploidy
breeding.

The high yielding hybrids not only increased cassava cultivation but also spread the crop
outside Kerala. At present cassava is cultivated in 12 states and two union territories of the
country, but the major producer is Kerala followed by the neighboring states of Tamil Nadu
and Andhra Pradesh. The hybrids H-226 and H-165 are the most popular varieties in the
industrial areas of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, but the recently released triploid hybrid
‘Sree Harsha’, with its high yield, high starch and good culinary quality, holds great potential
for both industrial use and human consumption. The three short-duration varieties are highly
preferred by farmers as a rotation crop in the paddy-based cropping system. Very recently,
two superior top-cross hybrids, having high yield and good culinary quality, were developed
from inbreds and are ready for formal release.

In recent years the spread of cassava outside Kerala has been quite substantial. In Tamil
Nadu and Andra Pradesh, where cassava is mainly used as an industrial crop for starch and
sago manufacture, cassava area and production are expanding. In the northeastern states,
where it is used mainly as a food crop, cultivation is also gradually increasing. In non-
traditional areas of central India, the crop is being introduced through the true seed program.

Nevertheless, the total area and production of cassava in India is declining, especially in
Kerala, due to the prominence gained by plantation crops like rubber, black pepper, coffee
etc. which provide more cash income and due to the ever increasing cost of labor.
Verities of Tapioca grown in India

Co 2, Co 3, CO (TP) 4, MVD 1, H 165, H 226, Sree Vishakam (H.1687), Sree Sahaya

(H.2304), Sree Prakash (S. 856), Sree Vijaya, Sree Jaya, Sree Pekha, Sree Prabha, Co (Tp) 5,
H - 97, H - 165, H - 226 and Sree Harsha are the popular varieties of cassava.

End Use

The Field fresh Tapioca after being washed and made soil free is peeled cut, packed and
frozen and exported. The verities used presently are Shree Jaya , Kum Kum Rose, Mulluvadi
& H 165. These have smaller harvesting time. We need to ensure the verities are mosaic
resistant. The weight loss due to loss in moisture content is considered as 1.5 % by weight
per day. The edible verities need to stand up to a local standard i.e. 21 - 23 points which
denote the starch content and sweetness. Higher the point suits us better. The cooking time
should be less than 20 minutes in a vessel with lid and not by pressure cooking. The tuber
should retain white color after cooking and should not taste bitter .

Logistics

Place of Origin – Anywhere in S. India

Shipped to – Pune, India

Transit Time – 2 days max

Quantity – 300 – 350 Metric Tons / Month (16 MT/ Truck = approx. 22 trucks / month)
 QUINOA

Quinoa is a species of the goosefoot genus (Chenopodium quinoa), a grain crop grown primarily for its
edible seeds. It is a pseudo cereal, similar in some respects to buckwheat, rather than a true cereal, as it
is not a member of the true grass family. As a chenopod, quinoa is closely related to species such as
beetroots, spinach and tumble weeds. As a member of the Amaranthaceae family, it is related to and
resembles amaranth, which is also a pseudocereal.

Harvested Quinoa Seeds

Quinoa originated in the Andean region of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Colombia, and was
domesticated 3,000 to 4,000 years ago for human consumption in the Lake Titicaca basin,
though archaeological evidence shows a non-domesticated association with pastoral herding
some 5,200 to 7,000 years ago.

Similar Chenopodium species, such as pitseed goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri) and fat hen
(Chenopodium album), were grown and domesticated in North America as part of the Eastern
Agricultural Complex before maize agriculture became popular. Fat hen, which has a widespread
distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, produces edible seeds and greens much like quinoa, but
in smaller quantities.

The nutrient composition is favorable compared with common cereals. Quinoa seeds contain
essential amino acids like lysine and acceptable quantities of calcium, phosphorus, and iron.

After harvest, the seeds must be processed to remove the coating containing the bitter-tasting
saponin. The seeds are in general cooked the same way as rice and can be used in a wide range
of dishes. The leaves are eaten as a leaf vegetable, much like amaranth, but commercial
availability of quinoa greens is limited.

Nutritional evaluations indicate that raw (uncooked) quinoa is a rich source of protein, dietary
fiber, several B vitamins and dietary minerals, nutrients whose contents are substantially reduced
by cooking (table). Analysis shows its protein is relatively high in essential amino acids.

In a 100 gram serving, cooked quinoa provides 120 calories and is a moderate source (10-19% of
the Daily Value, DV) of protein, dietary fiber, and the dietary minerals, iron, zinc, magnesium,
phosphorus, and manganese (table).

It is gluten-free and considered easy to digest. Because of these characteristics, it is being

considered as a possible crop in NASA's Controlled Ecological Life Support System for long-
duration human occupied space flights.

It has a notably short germination period: only 2–4 hours in a glass of clean water is enough to
make it sprout, as opposed to 12 hours with wheat. This process softens the seeds, making them
suitable for salads and other foods.

Quinoa in India is cultivated in the hill slopes of Kolli Hills near Salem, in Metupalayam,
Coimbetore, Wyanad, Iduki, Ooty, Kodaikanal amd some parts of the Western Ghats. Off late it
has been cultivated in arid areas of Anantapuram in Andhra Pradesh and Mysore in Karnataka

The crop is resistant to drought, heat, pests, and adapts to different climatic conditions. Since it is
a complete protein it is considered to be a healthy diabetic diet.
A candidate may apply for any number of Programmes in both Aided and Self Financing
categories.
Application Procedure:
Step 1: Fill in the Online Application Form and note down the system generated Application
Number.
Application number will be generated and it will be used to complete the remaining Steps of
the Application Form; it is also required for all future correspondence. For subsequent logins,
candidate will be able to log in directly with her respective system generated Application
Number and date of birth as password.
Application Number will be generated only if Application Pages I and III are filled completely.
Application Page II (Details of Marks) can be skipped until results are published and can be
later updated by logging in.
Step 2: Make Payments
Payment is only online either through Net banking, IOB Credit/Debit Cards, Other IOB
Credit/Debit (VISA cards only).
Step 3: Print Application Form
 Application form should be printed back to back on good quality A4 size paper using
the button "Print Application". (Printout of the screen shots are not acceptable)
 Before taking the print out popup block should be removed in the browser.
 The printout of the online application must be submitted in person / by post to the
given address with the enclosures specified in the checklist.
      The Principal
      Stella Maris College
      17 Cathedral Road
      Chennai – 600 086
 The application will be processed only on receipt of the printed application form(s) with
the enclosures mentioned in the checklist.
 Submission of application form(s) does not guarantee a seat in the College.
 Candidates who are applying for PG Programmes can apply with the marks of 5
semesters.
 In case you are applying for hostel accommodation, the hostel application form should
be submitted along with the College application.
 In case you are applying for more than one programme, please attach the hostel
application form to each programme application form.
 Email ID has to be the same for all applications.

If you have any further queries contact us through the email:

admissions@stellamariscollege.edu.in.