Lutz, Nutrition and Diet Therapy 6e ETB

Chapter 4: Protein

1. Which of the following is not a complete protein?

1. Baked beans
2. Beef liver
3. Cottage cheese
4. Pork steak

Ans: 1
Feedback
1. Grains, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds contain incomplete protein.
Complete proteins supply all nine essential amino acids in sufficient quantity
to maintain tissue and support growth. Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, and
cheese are sources of complete protein.
2. Complete proteins supply all nine essential amino acids in sufficient quantity
to maintain tissue and support growth. Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, and
cheese are sources of complete protein.
3. Complete proteins supply all nine essential amino acids in sufficient quantity
to maintain tissue and support growth. Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, and
cheese are sources of complete protein.
4. Complete proteins supply all nine essential amino acids in sufficient quantity
to maintain tissue and support growth. Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, and
cheese are sources of complete protein.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

2. In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, proteins are characterized by the presence of:
1. Calcium
2. Nitrogen
3. Sodium
4. Sulfur

Ans: 2
Feedback
1. Proteins are composed of four elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen.
2. Proteins are composed of four elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen.
3. Proteins are composed of four elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen.
4. Proteins are composed of four elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

3. Essential amino acids are those:

1. Available from grains
2. Essential to body processes
3. Manufactured by the body because they are essential to life
4. Unable to be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body

Ans: 4
Feedback
1. An amino acid is classified as essential if the body is unable to make it in
sufficient amounts to meet metabolic needs. All essential amino acids must be
available in the body simultaneously and in sufficient quantity for the
synthesis of body proteins.
2. An amino acid is classified as essential if the body is unable to make it in
sufficient amounts to meet metabolic needs. All essential amino acids must be
available in the body simultaneously and in sufficient quantity for the
synthesis of body proteins.
3. An amino acid is classified as essential if the body is unable to make it in
sufficient amounts to meet metabolic needs. All essential amino acids must be
available in the body simultaneously and in sufficient quantity for the
synthesis of body proteins.
4. An amino acid is classified as essential if the body is unable to make it in
sufficient amounts to meet metabolic needs. All essential amino acids must be
available in the body simultaneously and in sufficient quantity for the
synthesis of body proteins.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

4. Protein provides how many kilocalories per gram?

1. 2
2. 4
3. 5
4. 9

Ans: 2
Feedback
1. Proteins provide 4 kilocalories per gram.
2. Proteins provide 4 kilocalories per gram.
3. Proteins provide 4 kilocalories per gram.
4. Proteins provide 4 kilocalories per gram.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

5. One milk exchange contains how many grams of protein?

1. 4
2. 6
3. 8
4. 10

Ans: 3
Feedback
1. One milk exchange provides 8 grams of protein.
2. One milk exchange provides 8 grams of protein.
3. One milk exchange provides 8 grams of protein.
4. One milk exchange provides 8 grams of protein.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

6. Anabolism describes the process of:

1. Building tissue
2. Destroying worn-out or infected tissue
3. Too few kilocalories and insufficient protein
4. Use of body protein for glucose production

Ans: 1
Feedback
1. Anabolism is the building up of tissues.
2. Catabolism is the breaking down of tissues into simpler substances that the
body can use or eliminate.
3. Marasmus occurs with the intake of few too kilocalories and insufficient
protein.
4. Gluconeogensis refers to the process in which the body uses protein for
glucose production.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension
7. A protein-containing substance secreted directly into the bloodstream to regulate body
processes is called a(n):
1. Enzyme
2. Hormone
3. Antibody
4. Nucleoprotein

Ans: 2
Feedback
1. Enzymes act as catalysts, influencing the speed at which a chemical reaction
takes place, but they do not actually enter into the reaction.
2. Hormones are chemicals secreted by various organs to regulate body
processes. They are secreted directly into the bloodstream.
3. An antibody is produced by the body in response to the presence of a foreign
substance or a substance that the body senses to be foreign.
4. Nucleoproteins are regulatory complexes that direct the maintenance and
reproduction of the cell.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

8. Which of the following is a source of complete protein?

1. Peanut butter
2. Winter squash
3. Chicken nuggets
4. Whole-grain bagel

Ans: 3
Feedback
1. Nuts, such as peanuts, are incomplete proteins.{Ed/Au: are peanuts actually
nuts, though? Aren’t they a legume (bean)?}
2. Vegetables, such as winter squash, are incomplete proteins.
3. Meats and poultry are complete proteins.
4. Whole grains are incomplete proteins.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

9. An infant with phenylketonuria (PKU) lacks an enzyme to digest phenylalanine. To avoid

mental retardation from an accumulation of toxic materials, the infant can consume only
prescribed amounts of:
1. Chocolate
2. Milk
3. Oats
4. Wheat

Ans: 2
Feedback
1. Chocolate is not problematic in PKU
2. Milk contains phenylalanine and must be restricted.
3. Oats is not problematic in PKU
4. Wheat is not problematic in PKU
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of
Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Application

10. The process of breaking down tissue is called:

1. Anabolism
2. Catabolism
3. Metabolism
4. Nitrogen imbalance

Ans: 2
Feedback
1. Anabolism refers to the building up of body tissues.
2. Catabolism refers to the breakdown of body tissues.
3. Metabolism refers to the processes that cells produce energy and necessary
substances for life.
4. Nitrogen balance occurs when the amount of nitrogen taken in equals the
amount excreted.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

11. Regardless of its fat content, one meat exchange contains how many grams of protein?
1. 3
2. 5
3. 7
4. 9

Ans: 3
Feedback
1. Each meat exchange contains 7 grams of protein.
2. Each meat exchange contains 7 grams of protein.
3. Each meat exchange contains 7 grams of protein.
4. Each meat exchange contains 7 grams of protein.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

12. The unique function of protein in the human body is to:

1. Aid in digestion and absorption of fats
2. Modify the passage time to excretion of selected medications
3. Provide energy
4. Serve as building materials for tissue repair

Ans: 4
Feedback
1. Proteins are not involved in digestion and storage of fats.
2. Proteins do no modify the passage of time to excretion of medications.
3. Proteins act as a substitute fuel, but their main function is not to provide
energy.
4. Proteins serve to maintain and promote tissue growth and repair.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

13. All proteins are composed of:

1. Amino acids
2. Hormones
3. Antibody
4. Enzymes

Ans: 1
Feedback
1. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein.
2. Hormones are regulated by proteins.
3. Antibodies are a special type of protein.
4. Enzymes facilitate body function and require proteins to act.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Knowledge
14. A client has been urged to consume high-quality protein foods. Which of the following
choices for lunch would indicate that he or she is implementing the advice?
1. Caesar salad with bacon instead of anchovies
2. Grilled chicken salad
3. Potato salad
4. Three-bean salad

Ans: 2
Feedback
1. Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, and cheese are good sources of protein. Salad
is not; bacon is higher in fat than protein.
2. Grilled chicken provides a good complete protein source.
3. Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, and cheese are good sources of protein.
Potatoes are not.
4. Although beans can be an important source of protein, it would be important
to identify which types of beans are included in the salad.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Application

15. After reviewing information about albumin, the student demonstrates a need for additional
review based on which statement about albumin?
1. It carries nutrients to tissues and cells.
2. It affects the metabolism of medications.
3. It is a minor blood protein.
4. It helps with water balance.

Ans: 3
Feedback
1. Albumin is a transport protein that carries nutrients or elements to cells.
2. Albumin plays a significant role in metabolism.
3. Albumin is a major blood protein.
4. Albumin aids in water balance.
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction
of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Analysis

16. When assessing a patient, which of the following would the nurse identify as least likely
indicating malnutrition?
1. Frequent bouts of infection
2. Low weight-for-height value
3. Slow wound healing
4. Hyperactivity

Ans: 4
Feedback
1. Malnutrition can affect immunity, making the person more susceptible to
infection and diseases.
2. Malnutrition is associated with low weight in relation to height.
3. Malnutrition can affect healing, leading to slowed wound healing.
4. Malnutrition is not associated with hyperactivity. The person may be
lethargic.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological
Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application

17. A vegan limits food intake to:

1. Fruits, grains, nuts, and vegetables
2. Eggs, fruits, grains, nuts, and vegetables
3. Dairy products, fruits, grains, nuts, and vegetables
4. Eggs, dairy products, fruits, grains, nuts, and vegetables

Ans: 1
Feedback
1. A vegan diet excludes all animal sources of protein, dairy products, and eggs.
Thus, fruits, grain, nuts, and vegetables would be consumed.
2. A vegan diet excludes all animal sources of protein, dairy products and eggs.
Thus, fruits, grain, nuts, and vegetables would be consumed.
3. A vegan diet excludes all animal sources of protein, dairy products and eggs.
Thus fruits, grain, nuts, and vegetables would be consumed.
4. A vegan diet excludes all animal sources of protein, dairy products and eggs.
Thus fruits, grain, nuts, and vegetables would be consumed.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

18. The nurse is caring for a patient who is an ovolactovegetarian. The nurse understands that
this patient’s food intake is limited to:
1. Fruits, grains, nuts, and vegetables
2. Eggs, fruits, grains, nuts, and vegetables
3. Dairy products, fruits, grains, nuts, and vegetables
4. Eggs, dairy products, fruits, grains, nuts, and vegetables

Ans: 4
 Feedback
1. An ovolactovegetarian does not consume meat, fish, and poultry but does eat
dairy products and eggs in addition to fruit, grains, nuts, and vegetables.
2. An ovolactovegetarian does not consume meat, fish, and poultry but does eat
dairy products and eggs in addition to fruit, grains, nuts, and vegetables.
3. An ovolactovegetarian does not consume meat, fish, and poultry but does eat
dairy products and eggs in addition to fruit, grains, nuts, and vegetables.
4. An ovolactovegetarian does not consume meat, fish, and poultry but does eat
dairy products and eggs in addition to fruit, grains, nuts, and vegetables.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Application

19. Clients are instructed to estimate the size of a 3-ounce portion of boneless meat by
comparing it to:
1. A quarter-cup measuring cup
2. A center-cut regular pork chop
3. A deck of cards
4. The top of a 1-lb can

Ans: 3
Feedback
1. A standard deck of playing cards is used to estimate the size of a 3-ounce
portion.
2. A standard deck of playing cards is used to estimate the size of a 3-ounce
portion.
3. A standard deck of playing cards is used to estimate the size of a 3-ounce
portion.
4. A standard deck of playing cards is used to estimate the size of a 3-ounce
portion.
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Application

20. Sickle cell anemia results from which of the following?

1. One incorrect amino acid in the hemoglobin molecule
2. Nutritional deficiency of iron-rich foods
3. Congenital defect of blood vessel structure
4. Infection by the AIDS virus

Ans: 1
Feedback
1. In sickle cell anemia, one amino acid has been replaced by another at one
specific location on the protein chain.
2. Sickle cell anemia does not involve a nutritional deficiency of iron-rich foods.
3. Sickle cell anemia does not involve a congenital defect of the blood vessel
structure.
4. Sickle cell anemia does not involve an infection by the AIDS virus.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological
Adaptation| Cognitive Level: Comprehension

21. Which of the following individuals should a nurse in the United States monitor carefully
because of the risk for protein-calorie malnutrition?
1. Infant, 6 months of age and at average weight for age
2. Woman, 37 years of age, at 115% of healthy body weight, who diets regularly
3. Man, 60 years of age, who dines in restaurants 4 nights per week
4. Woman, 90 years of age, resident of a nursing home after a fractured hip

Ans: 4
Feedback
1. Protein-calorie malnutrition is not common in infants who are of average
weight for age.
2. Protein-calorie malnutrition is not a concern in a woman of healthy body
weight who diets regularly.
3. Protein-calorie malnutrition would not be a concern in a man, age 60 who eats
in restaurants 4 times per week.
4. Protein-calorie malnutrition is a concern for persons who are institutionalized,
such as a 90-year-old woman in a nursing home with a fractured hip.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of
Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Analysis

22. Which of the following exchanges has the most protein?

1. Meat
2. Milk
3. Starch/bread
4. Vegetable

Ans: 2
Feedback
1. Meat provides 7 grams of protein, which is less than milk.
2. Milk provides 8 grams of protein, which is greater than meat; meat supplies 7
grams of protein.
3. Starches provide little if any protein.
4. Vegetables provide little if any protein.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care
and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

23. An infant develops malnutrition associated with weaning from breast milk. The nurse would
interpret this as which of the following?
1. Kwashiorkor
2. Marasmus
3. Nitrogen imbalance
4. Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM)

Ans: 1
Feedback
1. Kwashiorkor occurs in a child shortly after weaning from breast milk.
2. Marasmus occurs when the person consumes too few kilocalories and
insufficient protein.
3. Nitrogen balance occurs when the intake of nitrogen equals the amount
excreted.
4. Protein-calorie malnutrition is a type of nutrition resulting from inadequate
food intake, often when the person is institutionalized and unable to self-feed.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological
Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application

24. A nurse is teaching a patient about incomplete proteins, specifically legumes. The nurse
determines that the teaching was successful when the patient identifies which of the following as
legumes?
1. Corn, lima beans, and almonds
2. Green beans, green peas, and walnuts
3. Mung bean sprouts, sesame seeds, and cashews
4. Soybeans, lentils, and peanuts

Ans: 4
Feedback
1. Corn and almonds are not legumes; lima beans are legumes.
2. Green beans, green peas, and walnuts are not legumes.
3. Mung bean sprouts, sesame seeds, and cashews are not considered legumes
4. Soybeans, lentils, and peanuts are considered legumes.
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning | Client Need: Basic Care and Comfort |
Cognitive Level: Analysis
25. Which of the following is considered a nonessential amino acid?
1. Leucine
2. Phenylalanine
3. Glycine
4. Tryptophan

Ans: 3
Feedback
1. Leucine is an essential amino acid.
2. Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid.
3. Glycine is a nonessential amino acid.
4. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid.
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process| Client Need: Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive
Level: Knowledge