MEGR 3210 - Thermodynamics - FQ 22 - Homework #3 Five questions, 65 points total Notes: © Box your final answer. ‘© Pay attention to your sign conventions for heat and work. © Clearly state your assumptions. Problem 1 (15 points) Apiston-cylinder cylinder system contains 0.5 kg of water, initially at 1 MPa and 100 °C. 1332 KJ of heat are added, allowing the piston to expand isothermally until the pressure drops to 10 kPa (ie, the piston is not unrestrained). a) Populate a scorecard of properties (p, T, v, and u) at each state. Underline the independent, intensive properties used to fix each state. (2 points) b) What are the phases at the start and end of the process? (2 points) c) Accurately sketch this process on a p-v diagram, including the vapor dome. (5 points) Hint: The pressure will have changed before the phase change starts to occur. d) What is the volume change of the system, in m?? (2 points) e) How much work is done, in kJ? (4 points) Problem 2 (10 points) A hair dryer takes in ambient air, heats it up, and expels it at higher velocity a) Ifthe ambient temperature is 20 °C and atmospheric pressure is 101.1 kPa, what is the density of the air, in kg/m?? (5 points) A simple model for the outlet is a jet of some constant diameter adjacent to ambient air at approximately zero velocity, as shown in the schematic below. V=0m/s V=Veuiet b) Based on mechanical equilibrium principles, what is the pressure inside the jt, in kPa? (3 points) ¢) Ifthe jet temperature is 40 °C, what is the jet density, in kg/m?? (2 points)Problem 3 (16 points) The purpose of this problem is to explore when an ideal gas treatment is appropriate for water. a) b) 4) e) f) Compare the specific volume, in m*/kg, of water at a temperature of 340 °C and pressure of 10 MPa as obtained from the PC TESTapp on thermofluids.net to the specific volume predicted by the ideal gas law. (4 points) Calculate this relative error as: = Viet v Do you think itis appropriate to treat water as an ideal gas under these conditions? (1 point) How much improvement is obtained in the estimate by employing a generalized compressibility correction? (5 points) Repeat the comparison in part a) for water at a temperature of 340 °C and pressure 150 kPa. (4 points) Do you think itis appropriate to treat water as an ideal gas under these conditions? (1 point) Why is the ideal gas accurate for one superheated vapor condition but not the other? (1 point) Problem 4 (10 points) For the example of a nozzle discussed in lecture, the first law balance reduced to ve —ve 2 he = hy + 0 ‘This was then further simplified by the assumption that the kinetic energy in inlet velocity (Vi) was approximately zero compared to the kinetic energy in the outlet velocity. Is this a reasonable assumption? 1a) Steam exits the nozzle at 100 kPa and 360°C through an orifice with a radius of 2 em. Using the value of V. derived in lecture (396 m/s), determine the mass flow rate through the nozzle in kg/s. (3 points) 2. b) Steam enters the inlet at 300 kPa and 400°C. Assuming the inlet radius is five times larger than the outlet, calculate the inlet velocity, in m/s. (3 points) 3. c) How does the kinetic energy of the inlet stream compare to the kinetic energy of the outlet stream? (2 points) 4, d) If the inlet velocity is included in the energy balance, how much does the exit velocity estimate change? Isit a reasonable assumption to neglect the kinetic energy in the inlet stream to solve the problem? (2 points)Problem 5 (14 points) A piston-cylinder system with an unrestrained piston holds 0.5 kg of a helium, a monatomic, noble gas. Initially the gas is at 300 K and 200 kPa. Heat is added until the volume of the gas has increased by a factor of two. During this process, a paddle stirrer inside the boundary does 100 kd of work on the helium. a) What isthe final pressure of the gas in the system, in kPa? (1 point) b) What is the final temperature of the gas in the system, in K? (3 points) ‘¢) What is the change in specific internal energy, in ki/kg, as a result of this process? (3 points) d) How much heat was added, in ki, during this process? (7 points) Note: You do not need to calculate the volume change to solve the problem (but you could and arrive at the same answer, just with more calculations). For full credit, solve the problem without the use of thermofluids.net,