Communication is a two-way process

Communication is not the same as broadcasting, or simply sending out information.

It is a two-way process. In other words, it involves both the sending and receiving of information.

It therefore requires both speaking and listening, but also—and perhaps more crucially—developing a
shared understanding of the information being transmitted and received.

 If you are the ‘sender’ of information, this means communicating it clearly to start with
(whether in writing or face-to-face), then asking questions to check your listeners’
understanding. You must also then listen to their replies, and if necessary, clarify further.

 If you are the recipient, it means listening carefully to the information, then checking that you
have understood by reflecting back, or asking questions to ensure that you both have the same
understanding of the situation.

It is, therefore an active process. There is nothing passive about communication, in either direction.

Read more at: https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/communication-skills.html

Interpersonal Communication Skills

Interpersonal skills are the skills we use when engaged in face-to-face communication with one or
more other people.

For a good general introduction to the topic of interpersonal communication skills, you may like to read
our pages on Interpersonal Communication Skills, What is Communication? and Principles of
Communication. They will help you to understand the basics and start to be aware of what you might
need to improve.

Our pages on Barriers to Communication and The Ladder of Inference give you some ideas about what
may be going wrong in your personal communication processes. Improving Communication provides
information about how you might start to address those issues. There may, in particular, be issues
relating to Intercultural communication, especially if you work or interact with people from other
cultures on a regular basis.

Our more specific pages on interpersonal communication skills are divided broadly into Verbal
Communication and Non-Verbal Communication and Listening.

Verbal Communication

Verbal communication is all about what we say, which is an important way of getting our message
across.
Verbal communication can be both written and spoken, but these pages focus mainly on spoken
communication.

The words that we choose can make a big difference to whether other people understand us. Consider
for example, communicating with a young child, or with someone who does not speak our own language
very well. Under those circumstances, you need to use simple language, short sentences, and check
understanding regularly. It is quite different from a conversation with an old friend whom you have
known for years, and with whom you may not even need to finish your sentences. Equally, a
conversation with a friend is very different from a business discussion, and the words that you choose
might be considerably more technical when talking to a colleague.

See our pages on  Verbal Communication  and  Effective Speaking.

Reflection and clarification are both common techniques used in verbal communication to ensure that
what you have heard and understood is what was intended. Reflection is the process of paraphrasing
and restating what the other person has just said, to check that you have understood. Clarification is the
process of seeking more information to inform your understanding, for example, by asking questions.
You can find out more on our pages on Reflecting and Clarification.

Questioning skills are one very important area of verbal communication, often used in clarification, but
also to extract more information, and as a way to maintain a conversation. Find out more in our pages
on Questioning Skills and Types of Questions.

Finally, two specific areas where you will need verbal communication skills, and which are worth
considering separately are making a speech, and in conversation.

Non-verbal Communication

Using our voice is only the tip of the iceberg.

We actually communicate far more information using Non-verbal Communication. This includes non-
verbal signals, gestures, facial expression, body language, tone of voice, and even our appearance. These
can serve to either reinforce or undermine the message of our spoken words, so are worth considering
carefully.

If you want to say something outrageous, wear a suit.

The late Dr Joe Jaina, Organisational Psychologist at Cranfield School of Management.

You can find more about this on our pages on  Body Language, Face and Voice,  Personal
Presentation  and  Personal Appearance.

Listening

Listening is also a vital interpersonal communication skill.

As we said above, communication is a two-way process. Listening is an essential part of receiving

information. When we communicate, we spend 45% of our time listening. Most people take listening for
granted, but it is not the same as hearing and should be thought of as a skill.
Our Listening Skills page acts as an introduction to the subject and you may also be interested in
the Ten Principles of Listening.

Our page on Active Listening provides a lot more information about how to listen effectively and can
also help you to avoid misunderstandings, while Types of Listening explains more about the theory of
listening.

We also have pages on Ineffective Listening and Listening Misconceptions. It is always worth thinking

about what you should not do, as well as what you should do, when trying to develop your skills. You
may find that you recognise some of the bad habits you or other people have picked up when listening.

Using Communication Skills

Interpersonal communication skills are important in a wide range of circumstances and environments:
probably, in fact, anywhere where we may meet and interact with other people.

We have a number of pages on how to use communication skills. For example, they are essential for
starting to build relationships, both professionally and at home. You may find our page on Building
Rapport helpful, and also advice on being interviewed (Interview Skills) and interviewing others
(Interviewing Skills).

Good communication skills can also help you to provide feedback effectively, and in a way that will not
cause offence: a vital skill throughout life.

Good interpersonal communication skills enable us to work more effectively in groups and teams, which
may be either formal or informal. Our pages on Groups and Teams explain more about working in
groups, and the skills required.

Other Communication Skills

Communication skills encompass far more than simple verbal and non-verbal communication, even in
a wide range of circumstances. SkillsYouNeed also includes pages on some more specific forms of
communication skills, such as:

Presentation Skills

Many of us only use presentation skills infrequently. However, there will probably be times in your life
when you need to present information to a group of people, either in a formal or informal setting.

Presentations are far more than simply standing up in front of a screen and talking your way through a
set of slides. They also include the ability to get your point across in meetings, both small and large, and
even pitching your business idea to a potential investor.

Start your journey on our  Presentation Skills  main page.

Writing Skills

Communication skills are not limited to direct interaction with other people and the spoken word.

The ability to write clearly and effectively is also key to communication.

This set of skills should not be limited to journalists or professional authors. Poor written communication
can be frustrating for the reader and potentially damaging for the author – would you buy a product
from a website peppered with spelling mistakes, or full of incomplete or unclear sentences?

Browse our pages on Writing Skills to help you to understand and overcome common mistakes, and
improve how you communicate using the written word.

You may also be interested in our pages on Study Skills. Not just for students, these are the skills you
need to enable you to learn, communicate your ideas and understand the ideas of others more
effectively. They can, in particular, help you to read more critically, and retain more information by
making notes: improving the process of receiving written communication.

Personal Skills

Personal Skills are the skills that we use to maintain a healthy body and mind. But they can also
enhance communication.

For example, Improving Your Self-Esteem and Building Your Confidence can help you to feel more
positive about yourself and your abilities - including your ability to communicate. And feeling positive is
the first step to acting more positively, and therefore effectively.

By having a deeper understanding of yourself and a more relaxed and positive outlook on life you are
more likely to be charismatic, a trait that can further aid the communication process. Our page What is
Charisma? explains this in more detail. Good communication is also linked to assertiveness, or standing
up for what you believe. Our section on Assertiveness explains more.

During times of stress, or when we are angry, we may communicate less effectively. Learn more about
these emotions and how to control, reduce and manage them in our pages What is Stress? and What is
Anger? You may also be interested in Avoiding and Managing Stress and Tips for Dealing with Stress, as
well as Anger Management.

We even have pages to help you deal with more difficult situations such as Dealing with
Aggression and Communicating in Difficult Situations.

Communication is a complex subject with many areas and skills to consider.