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沪江英语绿宝书之

新概念 2

25-28 课 知识点汇总
一、词汇精讲

railway
n. 铁路
【例句】All this changed with the invention of the railway.
随着铁路的发明这一切都改变了。
【同义词】railroad
【常见用法】railway/railroad station 火车站

porter
n. 搬运工，杂务工，清洁工
【记忆方法】port+er. 类似名词：worker farmer teacher
【同音词】Harry Potter
【例句】He once worked as porter in a commercial bank.
他曾在一家商业银行当杂务工。

several
a. 几个的,数个的
【例句】He was seriously injured in the accident and died several days later.
他在那次事故中受了重伤，几天后就死了。
【词义辨析】some: 一些 （可修饰不可数名词和可数名词）
several: 几个，数个 （只修饰可数名词）
=a number of

foreigner
n. 外国人
【构词】foreign+er
【固定搭配】foreign affairs 外交事务
foreign exchange 外汇
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wonder
v. 奇怪；对……感到惊讶
【口语】
I wonder……
【例句】We wonder that the little boy is a university student.
我们很惊奇这小男孩是大学生。
I was wondering if/ whether…我想知道……
【例句】I was wondering if you’d like to come to dinner.
我想知道你是否来参加晚宴。
n. 奇迹；奇观；奇事
the Seven Wonders of the World 世界七大奇迹
the Great Wall 中国长城
the Taj Mahal 印度泰姬陵
the Colosseum 意大利古罗马斗兽场
the Statue of Christ Redeemer 巴西里约热内卢基督像
Petra 约旦古城佩特拉
Machu Picchu 秘鲁马丘比丘印加遗址
Chichén Itzá 墨西哥奇琴伊察古城库库尔坎金字塔

critic
n.评论家 持批评态度的人 吹毛求疵的人 爱挑剔的人
【例句】He is a very famous film critic.
他是一个很有名气的电影评论家。
【相关词性】critically adv. 批评地
【例句】He examined the quality of the furniture critically.
他以挑剔的目光审视家具的质量。

art
n. 艺术
【常见用法】art student 学艺术的学生
artist 艺术家
artiste 艺人
dark arts 黑魔法

paint
v. 画；涂饰
【相关词性】painter n.油漆工；画家
【例句】Joe likes to paint in watercolours. Joe 喜欢画水彩画。

pretend
v. 假装
【例句】Let’s pretend we’re on the Mars.
【固定搭配】pretend to do sth.
【例句】 Anna pretended to be cheerful and said nothing about the accident.
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pretend to be doing 强调不定式的动作正在进行的过程中.

【例句】He pretended to be reading. 他假装正在读书。

pattern
n. 模式；图案，样式
【例句】Romantic novels have a fixed pattern. (模式)
I’d like a cotton dress with a flowery pattern. （图案）

material
n. 材料
【常见用法】curtain materials 窗帘布
listening material 听力材料
【例句】He is a good soldier, but not really officer material.
【相关词性】materialism 唯物论；唯物主义

appreciate
v. 鉴赏，欣赏；感激
【同义词】understand; enjoy
【固定搭配】appreciate sth 欣赏某物
【例句】I appreciate his help when we moved.
appreciate doing sth.感激某人做某事
【例句】As I 'll be away for a year,Id appreciate hearing from you now and then
I would appreciate it if… 如果……我将不胜感激
【例句】I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.

notice
v. n. 注意到；告示，通知
v. notice sb .doing sth 注意到某人做某事
【例句】Did you notice him leaving the party early?
(不用于进行时)
n. The notice on the wall says ‘No smoking’.
【常用搭配】take notice of 注意到
come to one's notice 引起某人注意
bring sth. to sb.'s notice 提醒某人注意某事
give sb. notice 向某人发出解雇、停租通知

whether
conj. 是否
【拓展记忆】whether & if
if 做“是否”讲，可替换
if 做“如果”讲，不可换
【例句】 He asked me whether she was coming.
= He asked me if she was coming.
【例句】If you work hard, you’ll be succeed. 不能用 whether 替换
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【常见用法】whether…or not
【例句】Whether you want it or not, you’ve to face it one day.
n.天气 【例句】The whether is fine.

hang
v. 悬挂，吊；绞刑
【变化形式】悬挂：hang-hung-hung
绞死：hang-hanged-hanged
【例句】 He hanged himself in his prison cell.
他在牢房里上吊自尽。
A photograph of a beautiful lady hung on the wall.
一张漂亮妇人的照片挂在墙上。

upside down
上下颠倒的
【例句】When you stand on your head, everything appears upside down to you.
当你倒立的时候，对于你来说任何事物都上下颠倒了。

field
n. 田地
【常见用法】coal/oil field 煤田/油田
【固定搭配】in the field of 在….方面
【例句】 He’s well known in the field of ancient history.

smell
v. 闻起来
【常见用法】 smell nice/good
【例句】That soup smells delicious!
to have an unpleasant smell
【例句】 His breath smells. 他有口臭。

campfire
n. 营火，篝火
【构词】camp+fire 复合名词

creep
v. 爬行；弥漫（crept, crept）
【例句】Fog was creeping into the valley.
雾气真正弥漫山谷。

comfortable
adj. 令人舒服的 舒适的 富裕的
【例句】Is your chair comfortable to sit on?
你的椅子坐起来还舒服吗？
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【相关词性】comfort n. v. 安慰，慰藉

soundly
adv 酣然地
I slept soundly that day.
我那一天睡得很熟。
【相关词性】sound adj.
sound sleeper 睡得香的人

leap
v. 跳跃
【例句】I leapt up the stairs two at a time.
我一步两台阶的跑上楼梯。
leap year/month 闰年/月

heavily
adv.大量地
【例句】It’s been raining heavily all day.
sleep heavily 沉睡，酣睡

wind
n．风 [wind]
【例句】The north wind is blowing hard.
北风劲吹。
v. 蜿蜒：[wa nd] wind-wound-wound
【例句】She asked me to wind the wool for her.
她叫我帮她绕毛线。
n.→v. 发音变化 [wind] →[wa nd]

rare
adj. 稀有的
【常见用法】rare species 稀有物种
it is rare to do sth. 很少有人做某事
【例句】It is rare to find such an interesting group of people.
很少能遇见这样一群有趣的人。

steak
n．牛排
blue rare-rare-medium rare-medium-medium well-well done
一二分熟-三分熟-四分熟-五分熟-七分熟-全熟

ancient
adj. 古代的，古老的
【常见用法】
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the ancient civilizations 古代文明

ancient myth 古代神话
antique adj. 古董的
an antique rosewood desk 古董红木书桌

myth n.神话
myth and fairy-tale 神话故事和童话故事
【相关词语】mystery n. 迷；神秘事物
a mystery phone call/lover…

trouble
n. 麻烦
【谚语】‘Trouble is a friend but trouble is foe.’ 麻烦有时是好事有时是坏事。
【固定搭配】have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难有障碍
【例句】I never have any trouble getting to sleep.
我从来都不存在睡眠障碍。
get into trouble 陷入困境，招惹麻烦
【例句】Don’t copy my paper or we’ll both get into trouble.
不要复制我的论文，否则我们都会招惹麻烦。
be in trouble with 处于危险〔受罚、痛苦、麻烦〕之中
My son’s in trouble with the police again.
我儿子又惹上警察的麻烦。
the trouble with… 过错，不足
【例句】 The trouble with you is that you have no sense of humor.
你的不足在于没有幽默感。
v.打扰 造成麻烦
【例句】Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.
麻烦没找你，别去自找麻烦。

effect
n.效果，结果;影响
【固定搭配】
have an effect on 对……产生影响
put/bring sth. into effect 落实计划
【例句】 It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect.
in effect 实际上；事实上
【相关词性】effective adj. 有效的
affect v. 影响
【例句】How do you think the changes will affect you?

二、词汇补充

1. put 相关搭配小结
-put sth↔up 建造；张贴
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【例句】The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.

-put sb up 为某人提供膳宿
-put up with 忍受，忍耐
【例句】 I don’t know how you put up with their constant quarrelling.
-put out a fire/ cigarette
-put sth↔on 穿上，戴上
-put sth↔off 延迟，推迟
【例句】The meeting’s been put off till next week.
-put sth↔away 放到一边去；放回原处
【例句】 Let me just put these files away.

2. some+time 相关短语小结
some time 一段时间
It took us some time to water the flowers. 花些时间去浇花。
sometime 在某个时候（过去/将来）
We will have a meeting sometime next week. 下周的某个时候我们要开会。
sometimes 有时候；不时
Sometimes I get up at six. 我有的时候六点起床。

3. 到达的表达方式小结
arrive in the States 到达美国 in+大范围的地点
arrive at the station 到达车站 at+小范围的地点
arrive vi. arrive in/at
reach vt. +宾语
get to +宾语
【例句】When will you arrive in Shanghai?
When will you reach Shanghai?
When will you get to Shanghai
4. person & people 辨析
意义：
person: 多具体
people: 多泛指
单复数：
person
a. persons: very formal
b. people: 人们
【例句】John’s a very intense person.
约翰是个十分热情的人。
‘…government of the people, by the people, for the people.’
民有，民治，民享的政府

5. 常用连词：
and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only...but also/as well
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He teaches English. I teach English.

Both he and I teach English. 两者都
You must wash the dishes. You must sweep the floor.
You must not only wash the dishes but sweep the floor as well. 不仅…还…
He cannot read. He cannot write.
He can neither read nor write.既不….也不…..

6. hope 用法小结
【固定搭配】hope for sth.
hope to do sth.
hope (that)…
【例句】I hope you’re coming to the party. 希望你能来参加聚会。
Catherine’s hoping to study Law at Harvard. 凯瑟琳希望去哈佛上学。
I hope so. 希望如此。

三、语法精讲
1、连词
neither…nor 既不……也不…… （A 和 B 都不）
【例句】Neither boy students nor girl students are right ．
男生和女生都不对。
either…or 或者……或者…… （不是 A 就是 B）
【例句】You can either ride a bike or take a bus to go there ．
你可以骑车或坐公共汽车去那里。
not only…but also 不仅……而且…… （不仅 A 而且 B）
【例句】He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them.
他不仅是自编剧本, 还饰演其中的角色。

2、定语从句
先行词：定语从句所修饰的词
关系词：引导定语从句的词
【例句】 There is a young man.
He likes adventure.
There is a young man who likes adventure.;
英：一个年轻人-他喜欢冒险 （定语后置）
汉：一个喜欢冒险的-年轻人 （定语前置）
关系词做主语
【例句】I like the people who I work with.
关系词做宾语
【注意】做宾语的关系词可以省去
=I like the people I work with.
【例句】The flowers that I love best are roses.=The flowers I love best are roses.

3、because & because of 辨析

【例句】 I couldn’t go out because I had a cold.
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I couldn’t go out because of my cold.

because 连词，后跟句子（a subject and a verb）
because of 介词短语，后跟名词性质的成分/动名词

4、-It’s one of the +最高级+要修饰部分+I have ever

这是我所见/听/遇到过的最……之一
【例句】He’s one of the most interesting boys I’ve ever met.
这是我所见到最有趣的男孩之一。