GRE 是青春的试金石，是一场斗智斗勇的突围。有志者定能今日播种汗水，与 3000 为

伴；明日收获欢笑，迈入人生新境界！
——张羽东，中国人民大学，2012 年 10 月 GRE 考试，Verbal166, Quantitative168

Unit 4
libelous [ˈlaɪbələs]
【考法】 adj. 恶意中伤的，诽谤的：constituting or including a libel；defamatory
【 例 】 The election campaign degenerated into an exchange of libelous remarks.
竞选活动已经沦为了双方互相的谩骂和诽谤。
【近】 backbiting, calumnious, defamatory, detractive, invidious, maligning, scandalous,
slanderous, traducing, vilifying
【反】 adulatory, applauding, commendatory, eulogistic, eulogizing, laudatory, praising
说好话的，奉承的

embryonic [ˌembriˈɑːnɪk ]
【考法】 adj. 初期的，萌芽阶段的：being in an early stage of development
【例】 He does not have much faith in the embryonic European central bank. 他对于
处于萌芽阶段的欧洲中央银行并不看好。
【近】 aborning, beginning, inceptive, incipient, inchoate, initial, nascent, rudimentary
【反】 adult, full-blown, full-fledged, mature, ripe 成熟的，成形的；moribund 将死
的

accustom [əˈkʌstəm]
【考法】vt.使习惯：to make familiar with something through use or experience
【 例 】 As a kid from Southern California, the first challenge in his PhD life is to
accustom himself to the harsh winter climate in Boston. 身为来自南加州的小孩，他
博士生涯的第一道挑战就是习惯波士顿寒冷的冬天。|| If you are accustomed to time-
series analysis, you can develop new and more delicate quantitative models. 如果你
对时间序列分析有所了解，你就能构建出更新、更精妙的定量模型。
【近】familiarize, habituate, inure, orient, wont
【反】alienate, estrange, wean 使疏远

fractious [ ˈfrækʃəs ]
【考法 1】 adj. 难以管束的：tending to be troublesome； unruly
【例】a fractious rebel that would not submit to the authority 一名绝不向当局屈服的顽固
的反叛分子
【 近 】 balky, contumacious, defiant, perverse, intractable, obstreperous, refractory,
unruly, untoward, wayward. willful
【反】compliant, docile, subdued, submissive, tractable 顺从的
【考法 2】adj. 易怒的，暴躁的：readily angered
【例】an incorrigibly fractious young man 暴躁到无可救药的年轻人
【近】choleric, fretful, irascible, irritable, peevish, pettish, petulant, querulous, testy
【反】affable, agreeable, easygoing, genial, gracious, mellow 和蔼的，随和的；
forbearing, obliging, patient, stoic , tolerant 容忍的，忍让的

repentant [rɪˈpentənt ]
【考法】adj. 悔过的：feeling sorrow for a wrong that one has done
【例】Certainly the image of a repentant playboy helps sell books. 毫无疑问，一个花花
公子浪子回头的形象能帮助书的销售。
【近】apologetic, compunctious, contrite, penitent, regretful, remorseful, rueful, sorry
【反】impenitent, remorseless, unapologetic, unrepentant 不知悔改的

☆compound [kəmˈpaʊnd]
【考法】vt. 使恶化，加重：to make worse, more serious, or more severe
【例】Additional bloodshed and loss of life will only compound the tragedy in this nation.
额外的流血和牺牲只会加重这个国家的悲剧。|| The problem is compounded by
the corrupt and unfair medical system here. 在这里，腐败和不公的医疗体制使问题进
一步恶化。
【近】aggravate, complicate, exacerbate, intensify, worsen
【反】allay, alleviate, assuage, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 缓和，减轻

province [ˈprɑːvɪns]
【考法】n. 职能范围：sphere or field of activity or authority, as of a person
【例】Increasingly, nurse practitioners are lessening the heavy workload of physicians
by performing medical tasks once thought to be the exclusive province of doctors.
越来越多的护士开始执行原属于医生专属职能范畴的任务，从而大大减轻了医生的
工作负担。
【近】business, duty, function, role

windfall [ˈwɪndfɔːl ]
【考法】n.好运，幸事：an unexpected, unearned, or sudden gain or advantage
【例】Hitting the jackpot was an unbelievable windfall for the recently laid-off worker.
对这个刚失业的人来说中彩票头奖是令人难以置信的天赐好运。
【近】benediction, blessing, boon, felicity, godsend, manna
【反】apocalypse, calamity, cataclysm, catastrophe, debacle, disaster 大 灾 难 ；
bane, scourge 祸害

bohemian [boʊˈhiːmiən]
【考法】n.特立独行之人：a person (as an artist) who has an unconventional life-style
that often reflects protest against or indifference to convention
【例】Due to the lifestyle of modern-dance pioneer Isadora Duncan was considered a
bohemian, since it was marked by unconventional behavior and attitudes. 现代舞先驱伊
莎多拉·邓肯的生活方式叛逆不羁，充满了反传统的举止和态度，因此她被认为是特立独
行之人。
【近】deviant, heretic, iconoclast, maverick, nonconformist
【反】 conformer, conformist 循规蹈矩的人

upbeat [ˈʌpbiːt]
【考法 1】adj.心情好的：having or showing a good mood or disposition
【例】The line was incredibly long, but people were patient and upbeat. 队伍长得不可
思议，但好在人们很有耐心，心情也不错。
【近】blithe, buoyant, chipper, eupeptic, gay, lightsome, winsome
【反】dour, gloomy, glum, morose, saturnine, sulky, sullen 忧郁的，心情沉重的
【考法 2】 adj.给人希望的，象征好运的：having qualities which inspire hope
【例】Several upbeat signs imply that the economy is recovering. 一些迹象给人们以希
望，表明经济正在复苏。
【近】auspicious, bright, encouraging, fair, heartening, optimistic, promising, propitious
【反】bleak, dark, depressing, desperate, dismal 压抑的，令人绝望的