BIO YR 9

1. Complete the sentences using words from the box. Use each word once

Characteristics fertilization fuse genetic information

Inherited offspring parents zygote

The nucleus of the cell contains the ……………………………….information that

controls………………………………………………characteristics. When two gametes

………………………………………… (join together) during ……………………………………..,

they produce a ………………………………………….(fertilized egg cell). The

fertilized egg cell contains genetic …………………………………. From both the

…………………………………………., and so contains instructions for inherited

…………………………………………………..from both parents. The …………………………

will have some characteristics of each parent.

2. Which of these variations in characteristics are caused by genes, which by

the environment and which by both?

Tick the correct boxes

 Characteristics that varies variation caused by…….

Genes Environment
Being able to speak more than one language

Length of hair

Human height

Natural eye colour

3. Draw one line from each person to show one thing they did to help
discover the structure of DNA
Francis Crick took very clear photos of DNA using X-rays

Rosalind Franklin tested and made corrections to the DNA model

James Watson helped to build the double helix model in 1953

Maurice Wilkins saw from a photo that DNA was a spiral

4. Answer these questions by writing a number

a. The number of DNA molecules in a chromosome……………………………………

b. The number of Y chromosomes in a body cell from a male……………………

c. The number of copies of each gene in a body cell from a female…………….

5. How many chromosomes does the nucleus of each of these human cells
contain?
a. Sperm cell……….
 b. Heart muscle cell……………………….

c. Egg – making cell……………………….

d. Zygote………………………………

6. Draw one line from each scientific term to its correction definition
Scientific term Definition

Environment changes caused by the surroundings

Environmental factor an organism’s surroundings

Physical factor another term for a physical factor

Abiotic factor another term for an abiotic factor

Biotic factor a part of the surroundings that changes organisms

Environmental variation activities of other organism

7. Complete the sentences using words from the box. You may use each word
once, more than once or not at all.

Abiotic adaptations biotic camouflaged charateristics

Common desert endangered environmental forest

Habitats inherited
 Animals have …………………………………………….to help them survive in

their…………………………. These adaptations are…………………………………..

characteristics. For example, the fur of sand cats matches the colour of the

sand in a ……………………………………….habitat.

The cats are ………………………………………as they hunt gerbils. If more rain fell

and the and the desert got greener, the sand cats would not

be…………………………………….and may start to become……………………….in that

area.

8. a. What is biodiversity?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. Give one reason for preserving biodiversity

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Complete the symbol equation for photosynthesis.

6 …………………………… + 6 ………………………… ………………... + 6 ……………..

 10. Complete the text using words from the box.

Energy phloem photosynthesis respiration sugars

Glucose produced by …………………………..is converted to……………………………which

dissolve in water. Specialized transport tissue called………………………………..carries

this solution around the plant. Inside cells the sugars may be converted back to

glucose, which is broken down in………………………………….to

release………………………for other processes.

11. a. Complete the table to show how plants get what they need for growth.

Substance Where it comes from in How plants use it

the environment

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Nitrate salts
 Magnesium salts

Potassium salts

Water

12. Draw lines to link each part of a leaf to how it helps the plant
photosynthesise

Palisade cells carries water and mineral salts from the roots

Phloem allow gases to enter and leave the leaf

Xylem carries dissolved sugars from the leaf to other plant parts

Stomata contains many stomata where they receive most light

13. How are the following cells adapted for their functions?

a. Xylem cells …………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. Root hair cells ……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 14. Choose the correct words from the box to complete the text to explain
how changing concentration of gases in the leaf affects gas exchange.

Concentration fall photosynthesis rapidly respiration rise

slowly

In bright light, ………………………………………takes up carbon dioxide from the air

inside the leaf. This causes the ………………………………………………….of carbon dioxide

in the leaf to ………………………………………………. So carbon dioxide diffuses more

……………………………………….into the leaf

15. Enzymes are proteins.

a. Describe how plants make proteins

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

b. Describe the role of enzymes in germinating seeds.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. Complete the following sentences.

a. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas because…………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 b. Burning fossil fuels increases the green effect lead to global warming
which could cause…………………………………………………………………….and
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. The table shows some differences between organic and intensive farming.

Organic farming Intensive farming

Fertilizer use Mostly natural fertilisers Artificial fertilisers

Pesticide use Some natural pesticides Many artificial

pesticides

Land use Mostly small fields with Mainly large fields to

surrounding hedges and make it easier to use
trees for predators of pests large farm machinery
to live in

a. Suggest which type of farming would cause more pollution of nearby

streams and rivers.
Give a reason for your answer.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

b. Suggest which type of farm attracts more insect-eating birds.

Explain your answer
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 c. For two farms of the same area, which type of farm would produce
the greater amount of crop? Explain your answer
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. Name a helpful insect and explain why it is helpful to farmers.

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