KINETIC

MOLECULAR THEORY
AND GAS LAWS
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the
learners should be able to:
1. Describe the general
properties of gases.
2. Calculate the properties of
gases using gas laws.
What is a gas?
Gases have…
What is KMT?

Nature of Gases - YouTube

 Gas Law: Boyle’s Law
Pressure is inversely
proportional to volume.
Formula: P1V1 = P2V2

Boyle's Law Demonstrations - YouTube

Gas Law: Boyles Law
Sample Problem:
A sample of a gas occupies a volume of 154 mL
at 560 torr and 20°C. Calculate the new pressure if
its volume is increased to 290 mL at the same
temperature.
 Gas Law: Charle’s Law
Volume is directly
proportional to
temperature.
Formula: V1T2 = V2T1

Charles' Law - YouTube

Gas Law: Charles Law
Sample Problem:
Four liters of hydrogen at -50°C is allowed to
warm to 57°C. What is the volume at this
temperature if the pressure remains constant?
 Gas Law: Gay-Lussac’s Law
Pressure is directly
proportional to temperature.
Formula: P1T2 = P2T1

Experiment 3: Pressure and temperature relationship with a

cork and bottle - Gay Lussac's Law - YouTube
Gas Law: Gay-Lussac’s Law
Sample Problem:
A sample of gas at 23°C exerts a pressure of 1.8
atm. Calculate the final pressure (in atm) if the
temperature is changed to 58°C at constant volume.
Combined Gas Law
Combined relationship between Pressure, volume, and
temperature.
Formula: P1V1T2 = P2V2T1
Sample Problem:
A sample of gas occupies a volume of 3.50L at 700
mmHg and 120°C. What would be the pressure (in
mmHg) if the volume and temperature were increase to
5.5L and 190°C, respectively?
Avogadro’s Law
Combination At constant
pressure and
temperature, the
volume of a gas is
directly proportional to
the number of moles of
the gas present
(monoatomic gas).
Formula: V1n2 = V2n1
Avogadro's Law - YouTube
Avogadro’s Law
Sample Problem:
A canister of butane gas
(C4H10) used for portable
cooking is available in a store
in two sizes, 750 mL and 2.0 L.
The 750 mL canister contains
85 g of C4H10 with a pressure
of 48 atm at 28°C. Find the
final number of moles of the
butane gas.
Ideal Gas Law
Combination of Boyle’s, Charles’s, and Avogadro’s law to describe
the behavior of gases. It applies to systems that do not undergo
changes in P, T, V, and n.
Formula: PV = nRT; R = gas constant (0.082057 L.atm/K.mol or
0.0821 L.atm/K.mol)

Sample Problem:
Sulfur hexafluoride is colorless, odorless, very
unreactive gas. Calculate the pressure (in atm) exerted
by 1.82 mol of the gas in steel vessel of volume 5.43 L at
69.5°C.
Remember this!
BOYLE’S CHARLES’S GAY- COMBINED
LAW LAW LUSSAC’S GAS LAW
V 1T2 = V1T2 LAW P1V1T2 =
P1V1 = P2V2
P1T2 = P1T2 P2V2T2
AVOGADROS IDEAL
LAW
GAS LAW
V1n2 = V1n1 PV = nRT