GAS LAWS

presented by: Raycel M. Atienza

Pre-Service Teacher
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

Understand the Recognize the Calculate changes in

fundamental principles relationships between
of the combined gas
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
law, ideal gas law,
Avogadro's law, and
Dalton's law.
pressure, volume,
temperature, and moles
pressure, volume,
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: of gases using
LEARNING the
OBJECTIVES:
temperature, moles,
combined gas law, ideal
and partial pressures gas law, Avogadro's law,
in gases. and Dalton's law.
 GAS LAWS
set of fundamental principles and mathematical relationships
that describe the behavior of gases under various conditions.
Okay okay,
so you are Yes, Ma’am!
selling gas? Buy now!
 WHAT IS STP?
STP is defined by IUPAC (International Union of Pure
and Applied Chemistry) with the abbreviation for standard
temperature and pressure.

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

Standard Temperature = 273.15 K
Standard Pressure = 1 atm
Note: You must memorize the meaning of STP!
 UNITS USED TO DESCRIBE GAS SAMPLES:
VOLUME TEMPERATURE PRESSURE
Atmosphere (atm)
Liter (L) Kelvin ONLY
Kilopascale (kPa)
Milliliter (mL) Torr (torr)
mm of mercury (mm Hg)
1000 mL = 1L K = ºC + 273.15
1 atm = 101.3 kPa
1 atm = 760 mm Hg
1 atm = 760 torr
 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
Through KMT, several Laws were developed to help calculate
the changes in pressure, temperature, and volume of gases.
There are 6 Basic Laws:
1. Boyle’s Law
2. Charles’ Law Combined Gas Laws
3. Gay-Lussac’s Law
4. Avogadro’s Law
5. Ideal Gas Law – volume liters only
6. Dalton’s Law
COMBINED
GAS LAW
 COMBINED GAS LAW
- he was a French physicist that
combined the old gas laws into one
single law which was called the
combined gas law

Benoît Paul Émile

Clapeyron
 COMBINED GAS LAW
A combination of Boyle’s, Charles’, and Gay-Lussac’s Laws.

TEMPERATURE PRESSURE VOLUME

 COMBINED GAS LAW
Formula: Note that all
temperatures must
be in Kelvin!

P1 and P2 are the initial and final pressures of the gas.

V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes of the gas.
T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures of the
gas in absolute temperature scales (usually Kelvin)
 COMBINED GAS LAW
SAMPLE PROBLEM # 1: Note that all
A gas occupies 2.0 L at 2.5 atm and 25ºC. What is it’s volume
temperatures if the
must
be in Kelvin!
temperature is increased to 33ºC and the pressure is decreased to 1.5 atm?

GIVEN:
P1 = 2.5 atm P2 = 1.5 atm FORMULA:
V1 = 2.0L V2 = ?
T1 = 25 + 273.15 = T2 = 33 + 273.15 = =
298.15 K 306.15K
 COMBINED GAS LAW
DERIVATION:
= COMPUTATION:

FORMULA:

3.42 L
 COMBINED GAS LAW
EXERCISE # 1: Note that all
A gas occupies 4.5 L at 1.3 atm and 35ºC. Whatmust
temperatures is the
final
be in Kelvin!
temperature if the final volume of the gas is 3.2 L with a pressure of 1.5
atm?
GIVEN: FORMULA:
P1 = 1.3 atm P2 = 1.5 atm
V1 = 4.5L V2 = 3.2 L
T1 = 35 + 273.15 = 308.15 K T2 = ? Kelvin
 COMBINED GAS LAW
DERIVATION:
= COMPUTATION:

=
FORMULA:

252.84 K
AVOGADRO’S LAW
 AVOGADRO’S LAW
- this was proposed in 1834, was a
French engineer, and one of the
founders of thermodynamics.

He states that:
equal volumes of gases at the same
temperature and pressure contain
Amedeo Avogadro equal numbers of molecules
 AVOGADRO’S LAW
1 mole of ANY gas takes up a volume of 22.4 L at
STP. This is called Molar Volume.

“The volume of any gas at STP is 22.4 liters.”

Question:
How many molecules of any gas are there in 22.4 L at STP?
 AVOGADRO’S LAW
One mole is equal to 6.022 x 10²³
Therefore equal _______________ of a gas
contain equal numbers of _____________.
 AVOGADRO’S LAW
One mole is equal to 6.022 x 10²³
volume
Therefore equal _______________ of a gas
molecules
contain equal numbers of _____________.
 AVOGADRO’S LAW
FORMULA: You need to
memorize this
= formula!

V1 = initial volume
n1 = initial number of moles
V2= final volume
n2 = final number of moles
 AVOGADRO’S LAW
SAMPLE PROBLEM # 1: Note that all
A balloon was filled to a volume of 2.25 L with 0.0820must
temperatures moles
of
be in Kelvin!
helium gas. Suppose 0.015 moles of helium is added to the balloon with
constant pressure and temperature. What will be the final volume of the
balloon?
FORMULA:
GIVEN:
V1 = 2.25 L n2 = 0.015 mol He =
n1 = 0.0820 mol He V2 = ? Liters
 AVOGADRO’S LAW
DERIVATION:
= COMPUTATION:

=
FORMULA:

0.41 mol
 AVOGADRO’S LAW
EXERCISE # 1: Note that all
You initially have 2.0 moles of hydrogen gas (H2) in amust
temperatures 10.0-liter
be in Kelvin!
container at a certain temperature and pressure. If you reduce the volume
to 5.0 liters while maintaining constant temperature and pressure, what will
be the final amount of hydrogen gas in moles?
FORMULA:
GIVEN:
V1 = 10.0 L n2 = ? moles =
n1 = 2.0 mol H2 V2 = 5.0 L
 AVOGADRO’S LAW
DERIVATION:
= COMPUTATION:

=
FORMULA:

4 mol