IDEAL GAS

LAW
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students
should be able to:
 Transform the ideal gas law into
equation;
 Calculate the universal gas constant to
derive its constant value;
 Show the relationship among volume,
temperature, pressure and number of
moles; and
 Value the importance of the ideal gas law
in real life application.
EXPLORATION
The different gas laws are:
Boyle’s Law: P1V1= P2V2 (at constant T)
 Pressure and volume are inversely proportional

Charles Law: V1 = V2 (at constant P)

T1 T2
 Volume and temperature are directly
proportional

Avogadro’s Law: V1 = V2 (at constant P and T)

n1 n2
 Pressure and volume are directly proportional
Combining the three laws, you will get:
V =
Using the sign of equality will result to this
equation:
V = or PV = nRT
Where:
V= Volume in liters (L)
P= Pressure in atmosphere (atm)
n= moles
T= Temperature in Kelvin (K)
R= Universal gas constant, 0.0821
 DERIVATION OF UNIVERSAL GAS CONSTANT
Avogadro’s Law:
At STP (1.00 atm, 0oC), 1 mole of any gas takes up 22.4L.
PV = nRT
R=
=
= 0.082051
R = 0.0821
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
What is the volume of a container that can hold 0.50 of
gas at 25.0 oC at 1.25 atm?
Given:
Pressure = 1.25 atm
Temperature = 25.0 oC + 273.15 = 298 K
No. of moles = 0.50 mole
We are asked to calculate for the volume so let’s
substitute the given values to this equation:
 PV = nRT
V=
V=
V = 9.8 L
Why is it important for us to
study and understand the
concept of Ideal Gas Law?
 IDEAL GAS LAW
 The ideal gas law assumes that all gases
behave perfectly and identically to the rules
of the kinetic molecular theory.
 It shows the relationship between pressure,
volume, temperature, and the amount of gas
in moles.
 It can be used to find one of the four
variables given the other three.
IDEAL GAS LAW FORMULA

PV= nRT
 P= Pressure: The force per unit are applied to the
surface of an object.

The pressure of the air molecules in this tornado can

knock down numerous trees…
V= VOLUME: THE MEASUREMENT OF HOW MUCH SPACE
MATTER TAKES UP.

THE VOLUME OF THIS AIR TAKES UP ENOUGH SPACE TO

FILL A HOT AIR BALLOON!!!
n= Amount of gas in moles
 R= Gas Constant

.0821 atm L
mol K
 T= Temperature: a measure of the average
kinetic energy of particles of matter.
Common Units of Temperature:

Kelvin (K): The only units that can be used

when doing numerical problems with gases.

Celsius (°C): Must be converted to Kelvin

before doing problems (add 273).
 MORE ON RRRRRRR….
 “R”is the gas constant. It uses ALL of the units that
are represented in the formula by other variables.

atm L
Units in the gas constant:

mol K
 Forevery problem the units of your variables have
to be in the units used in the gas constant!!
 PRESSURE CONVERSIONS: BACK
TO DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
**Quick Tip: To convert from unit
to unit you have to have a
conversion factor.**
A Conversion factor relates the unit that
you start with and the unit that you
want to convert too.
 MORE ON PRESSURE
Some word problems may give you pressure in a
variety of ways.
Atmospheres (atm): The average air pressure at sea
level.
Millimeters of Mercury(mmHg): originates from how
pressure is measured with a barometer.
Torr: Named Italian physicist Evangelista Torricelli.
The torr is exactly equal to mmHg.
KiloPascal (kPa): Another SI unit for pressure.
 HERE’S THE CONNECTION…
In these amounts, all of these units are EQUAL!!!

1 atm =760 mmHg =760 torr =101.3 kPa

YOU HAVE TO MEMORIZE THESE

CONVERSIONS!!!
EXAMPLE 1: CONVERT A PRESSURE OF 1.75
ATMOSPHERES TO KILOPASCALS.
EXAMPLE 2: CONVERT A PRESSURE
570 TORR TO ATMOSPHERES.
EXAMPLE: THE ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE IN DENVER COLORADO
IS .830 ATMOSPHERES. WHAT IS THE
PRESSURE IN A) MMHG B)KPA
 MORE GRAM TO MOLE
CONVERSIONS
**Quick Tip: MOLAR MASS is the only thing that can help you
convert from grams to moles!!**
O2= _______g 64g O2= _______mol

HF= ________g 40g HF= ___________mol

 

CO2= __________g 88g CO2= _______mol

 FREQUENTLY USED TERMS IN WORD
PROBLEMS: MEMORIZE THESE!!!
Standard Temperature and Pressure: (STP)
Pressure= 1 atm

Temperature= 273K or 0°C

Room Temperature: Kelvin scale= 298 K

Celsius scale = 25°C

If a word problems refers to “STP” or “room

temperature”, it is important for you to know these
fixed values.
 IDEAL GAS LAW EXAMPLE 1:
A sample of gas has a volume of 10 liters,a pressure of
1.5 atm, and a temperature of 25°C, how many moles
of gas do I have?
 IDEAL GAS LAW EXAMPLE 2:
If I have 3.5 moles of a gas at a pressure of 895 kPa with
a volume of 50 liters, what is the temperature?